3. INDUTRIAL RELATIONS INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTS.ppt
- 1. Concept of Industrial Relations Concept of Industrial Relations The expression “Industrial Relations” by The expression “Industrial Relations” by itself means relationship that emerges out itself means relationship that emerges out of day to day working and association of of day to day working and association of labour and management. It commonly labour and management. It commonly denotes employer-employee relationship. denotes employer-employee relationship. This is also known as Labour–Management This is also known as Labour–Management Relationship or Labour Relations. Dale Relationship or Labour Relations. Dale Yoder defines IR as “Relationship that Yoder defines IR as “Relationship that exists because of the necessary exists because of the necessary collaboration of men and women in the collaboration of men and women in the employment process of an industry” employment process of an industry”
- 2. According to ILO “IR deals with either the According to ILO “IR deals with either the relationship between the state, employers and relationship between the state, employers and worker’s organizations or the relation between worker’s organizations or the relation between the occupational organizations themselves” the occupational organizations themselves” IR maybe known under the following features; IR maybe known under the following features; This is characterized by both conflict and co- This is characterized by both conflict and co- operation. operation. The main focus is on the study of the attitudes, The main focus is on the study of the attitudes, relationships, practices and procedures relationships, practices and procedures developed by the parties concerned to resolve developed by the parties concerned to resolve or at least minimize conflicts. or at least minimize conflicts.
- 3. As the labour and the management do As the labour and the management do not operate in isolation but are part of a not operate in isolation but are part of a larger system, the study of IR includes larger system, the study of IR includes vital issues such as environment, vital issues such as environment, technology, workplace, labour policy, technology, workplace, labour policy, attitude of trade unions, market attitude of trade unions, market conditions etc., conditions etc., It also involves the study of conditions It also involves the study of conditions conducive to the labour, management co- conducive to the labour, management co- operation, operation, The Govt. influences and controls The Govt. influences and controls Industrial Relations thro’ policies, , Acts, Industrial Relations thro’ policies, , Acts, Rules, Agreements Awards etc., Rules, Agreements Awards etc.,
- 4. It emphasizes on accommodating other It emphasizes on accommodating other party’s interest, values and needs, party’s interest, values and needs, The main purpose of IR is to maintain The main purpose of IR is to maintain harmonious relationship between the harmonious relationship between the employer and employee by solving their employer and employee by solving their problems thro’ an effective grievance problems thro’ an effective grievance redressal procedure, redressal procedure, Trade Union is another important Trade Union is another important institution which shapes the IR climate institution which shapes the IR climate thro’ collective bargaining, thro’ collective bargaining, The three key actors of IR are (1) The three key actors of IR are (1) Organization / Employer (2) Trade Organization / Employer (2) Trade Union / Employee (3) The Govt. Union / Employee (3) The Govt.
- 5. Factors of Industrial Relations Factors of Industrial Relations IR is influenced by six important factors IR is influenced by six important factors such as; such as; Institutional Factors Institutional Factors Economic Factors Economic Factors Technological Factors Technological Factors Social & Cultural Factors Social & Cultural Factors Political Factors Political Factors Governmental Factors Governmental Factors
- 6. (a) (a)Institutional Factors Institutional Factors These factors include Govt. policy, These factors include Govt. policy, labour legislations, Labour Courts, labour legislations, Labour Courts, Collective Agreement, Industrial Collective Agreement, Industrial Tribunal, Employers Federation, Social Tribunal, Employers Federation, Social and welfare organizations. and welfare organizations. (b) (b)Economic Factors Economic Factors These factors include Economic These factors include Economic organizations like capitalists, organizations like capitalists, communists, mixed economy, the communists, mixed economy, the structure of labour force, etc., structure of labour force, etc.,
- 7. C C Technological Factors Technological Factors These factors include mechanization, These factors include mechanization, automation, Rationalization, automation, Rationalization, computerization etc., computerization etc., D D Social and Cultural Factors Social and Cultural Factors These factors include population, These factors include population, religion, customs & Conventions of religion, customs & Conventions of People, Race, ethnic groups etc., People, Race, ethnic groups etc., E E Political Factors Political Factors These factors include political system of These factors include political system of the country, political parties and their the country, political parties and their ideologies towards Trade Union ideologies towards Trade Union
- 8. (F) (F) Governmental Factors Governmental Factors These factors include Govt. policies like These factors include Govt. policies like Industrial Policy, Economic Policy, Labour Industrial Policy, Economic Policy, Labour Policy, Export & Import Policies, Policy, Export & Import Policies,
- 9. Objectives of Industrial Relations Objectives of Industrial Relations Apart from the primary objective of bringing Apart from the primary objective of bringing about sound and healthy relations about sound and healthy relations between the employer and between the employer and employees, IR aims at.., employees, IR aims at.., o Facilitating production and productivity, Facilitating production and productivity, o To safe guard the rights and interests of both To safe guard the rights and interests of both labour and management, labour and management, o To enhance the economic status of workmen, To enhance the economic status of workmen, o To minimize conflicts and ensure industrial To minimize conflicts and ensure industrial peace, peace, o To establish a rapport between managers and To establish a rapport between managers and the managed, the managed,
- 10. o To avoid unhealthy and unethical atmosphere in the industry especially work stoppages, strikes, tool down, go slow, Gheraos, Lock outs etc., o To provide an opportunity to the workmen to have a say in the management decision making, o To solve their grievances thro’ mutual negotiations across the table with consultations with the workmen and the management o To encourage and develop Trade Union in order to improve collective strength and industrial democracy.
- 11. Approaches to Industrial relations (1) The Systems Approach (2) The Oxford Approach (3) Industrial Psychology Approach (4) The Action Theory Approach (5) The Marxist Approach (6) The Pluralist Approach (7) Giri Approach (8) HR Approach (9) Gandhian Approach