3D-Printing.pdf
- 1. 3D Printing Introduction to 3d printing concepts Rebecca Massey Technology Support
- 2. What is 3d Printing? 3d Printing encompasses many different types of technologies and materials to produce prototypes, parts and products.
- 3. Types of 3d printing Additive vs. Subtractive Manufacturing • Additive manufacturing (or printing) is the process of repeatedly adding material, layer by layer to build a 3D print from a raw source material. • Examples: Fused Deposition Modeling, Powder Bed Fusion, Light Polymerization • Subtractive manufacturing (or printing) is the process of starting with a solid raw source material and removing portions of the material layer by layer to produce a 3D print. • Examples: CNC, Routing, Laser Etching
- 4. Additive Printing Powder Bed and Inkjet Head • Uses thermoplastic powder or gel • Soluble support structures • Final product is high heat and chemical resistant • Can produce multicolored objects • Example: Stratasys Polyjet Images: www.stratasys.com
- 5. Additive Printing Fused Deposition Modeling (Extrusion) • Uses thermoplastics, edible materials, rubbers, eutectic metal • Soluble or solid support structures • Cheapest 3d print production option • Example: MakerBot Replicator, PancakeBot Image: www.robosavvy.com Image: www.engadget.com
- 6. Use Cases for 3D Printing
- 7. Medical Research and Prosthetics • Bioprinting blood vessels, heart valves, synthetic skin, even organs • Custom prosthetic printing • Alternative access in remote or low income regions worldwide • Bone replacement/grafting • Custom printed skull pieces • Bone scaffolds to encourage healing and regrowth of broken bones Image: Jonathan T. Butcher, Cornell University Image: www.cyborgbeast.org Image: www.3dprintingindustry.com
- 8. Space Exploration • International Space Station has a 3D printer • Potential for part replacement and emergency maintenance • Plans have been transmitted to the station from Earth and produced in space • Flexibility of designing and producing parts as needed encourages long distance exploration Image: www.nasa.gov
- 9. Rapid Prototyping and Hobby/Home • 3D printing allows rapid transition from design to implementation and prototyping a proof of concept • Home and hobby enthusiasts see the potential to print replacement parts and custom art and design objects Image: www.cel-robox.com Image: www.makerbot.com
- 10. ATLC – IT3D Printing
- 11. IT3D Equipment • MakerBot Replicator 2 • Fused Deposition Modeling • Objects build layer by layer from the base up • Uses thermoplastic PLA filament • Single color printing • 11 color options Image: www.makerbot.com Image: www.makerbot.com Image: TTU Technology Support
- 12. 3D Design and Production Software • Many programs facilitate the design of 3D files: • Autodesk Inventor (available in ATLC computers labs) • Google Sketchup (freeware) • Blender (freeware) • Programs that repair or check completed 3D files: • NetFabb Basic (free for basic version) • MeshLab (open source) • Programs for printing 3D files (slicing programs): • MakerBot Desktop (free) • Skeinforge (freeware)
- 13. Design Elements • “Water tight” • Mesh • Faces • Holes • Overhang/Unsupported Structure • Linear layer printing requires that each layer be built upon a previous layer or the original base structure. • Support Structure/Rafts • Supports are used when an object layer would otherwise be built “on air”, which is impossible for FDM printers. • Rafts are used to ensure that an object stays adhered to the build plate and does not curl during printing. • Scaling • Some design software products produce elements in measurements of inches. MakerBot printers and software work in millimeters. Scaling and conversion are sometimes necessary to ensure accurate final product.
- 14. Design Elements – cont. • Infill • Standard is 10% (objects are mostly hollow) • Increases will raise print time and final weight/cost of the object • Resolution • Standard is 0.2mm layer height • Decrease in layer height will raise weight/cost and increase overall print time • Number of shells • Standard is 2 shell layers • Increases may affect final print quality and increase print weight/cost, but reduce print time 10% Infill Shell layer Image: TTU Technology Support
- 15. Finding a 3D Print File • There are numerous community driven file archives for 3D print files. Most community archives are free. A few examples: • Thingiverse (run by MakerBot Industries) – www.thingiverse.com • YouMagine (run by Ultimaker) – www.youmagine.com • Cubify (run by 3D Systems) – www.cubify.com • Some archives are pay-to-print services. Depending on the service, you can either purchase the .STL file alone or pay an additional cost to have a 3D file produced and shipped to you. Examples include: • Shapeways – www.shapeways.com • i.materialise – www.i.materialise.com
- 16. ATLC 3D Print Submission Process • www.depts.ttu.edu/services/3dprint/faqs.php • “Submit a 3D Printing Project Request” • Files must be 5mb or smaller • Larger files can be transferred by email or LFT service • Each project can consist of up to 10 job files • Accepted formats: .thing, .stl • Prices: $2.00 per project + $0.10 per gram final weight
- 17. ATLC 3D Submission Process (cont.) 1. Project Request is initiated 2. IT3D team reviews files and submits cost estimate to customer for approval 3. Customer approves 4. Print job enters the production queue 5. Customer is notified when all jobs for a project are complete 6. Customer picks up completed project at ATLC Reception Desk In the event of misprints, or concerns, the IT3D team will contact customers directly to clarify any concerns or problems.
- 18. Submission and Printing Demo • www.thingiverse.com • www.depts.ttu.edu/services/3dprint/faqs.php
- 19. Questions?
- 20. Additional Campus Resources • TTU College of Architecture Fabrication Lab: • www.arch.ttu.edu/wiki/3D_Printing_Instructions • Projects must be academic • TTU Libraries Informatics Media Lab • http://library.ttu.edu/IML/ • Additional 3D rendering and design resources available