![I. Definition of Policy
pol·i·cy [pol-uh-see]
noun, plural pol·i·cies.
• a definite course of action adopted for the sake of
expediency, facility, etc.: We have a new company policy.
• a course of action adopted and pursued by a government,
ruler, political party, etc.: our nation's foreign policy.
• action or procedure conforming to or considered with
reference to prudence or expediency: It was
good policy to consent
(Source: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/policy).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3finalintrotopolicyprocess-140914211823-phpapp01-230927103419-7831a570/85/3finalintrotopolicyprocess-140914211823-phpapp01-pdf-5-320.jpg)
3finalintrotopolicyprocess-140914211823-phpapp01.pdf
- 1. L/O/G/O www.themegallery.com INTRODUCTION TO POLICY PROCESS1 1A requirement submitted by Michael John D. Sison in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course Public Policy and Program Management (DM 219) under the Supervision of Dr. Reynaldo Gelido; Summer, S.Y. 2013-2014 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY Graduate School Urdaneta City Campus
- 2. Topic Outline: I. Definition and Basic Elements of Policy II. Policy and Related Concepts III. Bases of Policy IV. Policy Agenda-Setting a. What is Agenda? b. How do groups gain access to the Policy Agenda? c. How do issues get to the agenda? d. The Policymaking Process V. 5 Cs (Importance of a Policy) VI. Revisiting VMOG VII. Issues and Concerns
- 4. POLICY .
- 5. I. Definition of Policy pol·i·cy [pol-uh-see] noun, plural pol·i·cies. • a definite course of action adopted for the sake of expediency, facility, etc.: We have a new company policy. • a course of action adopted and pursued by a government, ruler, political party, etc.: our nation's foreign policy. • action or procedure conforming to or considered with reference to prudence or expediency: It was good policy to consent (Source: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/policy).
- 6. I. Definition of Policy Policy is a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome. It contains the “WHAT” and the “WHY” (of) needs to be done (Carrera & Sumajit, 2013).
- 7. I. Definition of Policy Policy is a purposive course of action or decision which is commonly set and perceived to be socially desirable to a great number of people (NEDA as cited by Miclat, 2005). A good example of policy, in the context of a university, is to promote quality and relevant education (Miclat, 2005).
- 8. P O L I C Y Basic Elements of a Policy (Based on Manuel, 2008)
- 9. P olicy instrument, concerns, beneficiaries and people; O bjective, responsible and accountable; L imitations and time-frame; I magination and creativity; C enters on decision-making and has discretion; and Y es! A policy has predictability and relative uniformity of decisions. Basic Elements of a Policy (Based on Manuel, 2008)
- 10. II. Policy and Related Concepts POLICY (Based on Manuel, 2008)
- 11. III. Bases of Policy (Based on Manuel, 2008) Philosophy Ideology Constitution Legislative Acts, E.O.s, and Judicial Decisions Societal Needs and Imperatives Development Issues
- 12. IV. Policy Agenda-Setting 1. Agenda- setting 2. ___ 3. ___ 4. ____ 5. ____ POLICY MAKING PROCESS
- 13. IV. a. What is Agenda? (Based on Manuel, 2008) An agenda is a list of things to do. Agenda are actively constructed commitments. The agenda reveal much of people’s values.
- 14. Question: What if the demands placed on our agenda exceed our capacity to accomplish them (Manuel, 2008)? Agenda triage Back burner Trade- offs Accomplishment
- 15. IV. b. How do groups gain access to the policy agenda (Manuel, 2008)? Policy champions • Persons who initiate and sustain a particular policy crusade. They are catalysts and mobilizers (Manuel, 2008) e.g. Former Senator Ninoy Aquino. Crisis • It is an abrupt, significant, and unexpected change in events which calls to a particular event (Manuel, 2008). e.g. 9/11/2001 terrorist attack. Policy triggers • Radical or notable events that may lead to policy making and implementation e.g. EDSA I or Philippine Revolution.
- 16. Question: How does agenda reveal the values of the political system (Manuel, 2008)? Feedback intensity Front burner
- 17. Systemic agenda vs. Institutional agenda It’s a big issue known to all, it gets front burner attention. Macro agenda, whole part. e.g. Energy issue Systemic agenda Refers to the specific organizational forum at within which an item is actually addressed. Micro agenda, constituent part. e.g. Oil drilling regulation Institutional agenda (Based on Manuel, 2008)
- 19. IV. c. How do issues get to the Agenda? Problem Issue Agenda item ● DISTORTION ● PROBLEM IDENTIFICATIO N POLICY MAKING PROCESS (Based on Manuel, 2008)
- 20. Agenda Setting Policy Formulation Policy Adoption Policy Implementation Policy Evaluation revision POLICY MAKING PROCESS Consultations are carried out : Within the lead Agency with their technical experts Within Other Government Agencies which may be directly or indirectly impacted With Among committees, management and stakeholders (Source: Bitonio, 2011) IV. d. The Policymaking Process
- 22. V. 5 C’s of Policy 5 ImportanCe of a Policy (Based on Carrera &Sumajit, 2013) CONTROL COORDINATION COMPLIANCE COMMUNICATION CONTINUITY
- 23. SUCCESS! Vision Statement “what we want to become” Mission Statement “who we are What we value” Goals & Objectives “How we measure our degree of success Strategy “how we will achieve our vision” Policies & Procedures “what, how, and when an action should be done? Communicating Purpose to Stakeholders (Source: Bitonio, 2011) - Realization of Vision and Mission; - Attainment of Goals and Objectives; and - Effective and efficient application of Strategy and adherence to Policies and Procedures VI. Revisiting VMOG
- 24. Examples of possible policies Personnel Policies • Promotion policies: As the enterprise grows, managers should be promoted from within. Normally, the enterprise hires only supervisory positions from the outside. • Managerial selection policy: In selecting potential supervisory managers, we will hire college graduates. (Source: Manuel, 2008)
- 25. Examples of possible policies Marketing Policies • Internal growth policy: Normally, the major avenue of growth is to increase the sales of present products. Merger will be rarely used method of growth. • New product policy: Normally, when new products are added they will fit our current product line by increasing the number of sizes of the product offered. (Source: Manuel, 2008)
- 26. APPLICATION: Philippines and Climate Change 1 Archipelago 7, 100 islands *20 typhoons/year * Average Source: PAGASA
- 27. Philippines’ worst Storms from September 2009 to August 2013 which were: Source: Inquirer.net 2009 • Ondoy • Pepeng 2010 • Basyang • Juan 2011 • Bebeng • Falcon • Juaning • Sendong 2012 • Gener • Hanging Habagat • Helen • Pablo • Quinta 2013 • Crising • Gorio • Labuyo • Maring APPLICATION: Philippines and Climate Change
- 28. 10, 640 1, 223 3, 643 INJURED MISSING DEATHS Source: Inquirer.net Philippines’ worst Storms from September 2009 to August 2013: APPLICATION: Philippines and Climate Change
- 29. Philippines’ worst Storms from September 2009 to August 2013: Cost of damages: P 64, 814, 424, 000.00 Source: Inquirer.net APPLICATION: Philippines and Climate Change
- 30. Philippines and Climate Change Philippines’ worst Storms from September 2009 to August 2013: Number of families affected: 3, 469, 898 • Or Number of persons affected: 19, 798, 840 • Source: Inquirer.net
- 31. How does the country cope with the challenges of disasters and climate change? (Image credit:http://4.bp.blogspot.com)
- 32. Vision (Source: Smarter Philippines, 2014)
- 34. Goals and Objectives Goals and Objectives (Source: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP), 2011)
- 35. Strategy (Source: Smarter Philippines, 2014)
- 37. Procedure (Or Action Program) Project NOAH is the Department of Science and Technology’s (DOST) response to the call of President Benigno S. Aquino III for a more accurate, integrated, and responsive disaster prevention and mitigation system, especially in high-risk areas throughout the Philippines (http://www.gov.ph/about- project-noah/).
- 38. Philippines and Climate Change The Philippines is rising against the challenges of Climate Change. “Para naman po sa paghahanda sa kalamidad: Ang layunin nating magpanday ng mga mekanismo upang mailayo sa peligro ang Pilipino: natupad na rin po. Nariyan po ang epektibong serbisyong bunsod ng pagsasanib-puwersa ng Geohazard Mapping and Assessment Program at Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards) naman ng DOST (Department of Science and Technology).” - President Benigno Aquino III 4th State of the Nation Address
- 39. Question: S&T for Disaster Risk Reduction? 1970’s Disaster Prevention 1980’s Disaster Mitigation Now: Disaster Risk Reduction e.g. RA 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 Embracing: *S & T for Disaster Risk Reduction e.g. Project NOAH (Lagmay, 2013) (Source: Magante & Almase, 2013) * Science and Technology
- 40. S & T for Disaster Risk Reduction Project NOAH (Lagmay, 2013) * Science and Technology
- 41. S & T for Disaster Risk Reduction * Science and Technology
- 42. S & T for Disaster Risk Reduction * Science and Technology
- 43. POLICY Ignorance Conflicting goals Policy design Problems in implementation Politics Change VII. Issues and Concerns Why and how a policy becomes an “epic fail”? (Source: Items Ignorance to Politics based on Bitonio, 2011).
- 44. Reference: READ MORE: A. Books •Manuel, Manolito C. EDM 333 Policy Process. Pangasinan State University Open University Systems. 2008 •Miclat, Jr. Eusebio, F. Strategic Planning in Education: Making Change Happen 2005 B. Web •Aquino, Benigno III. Fourth State of the Nation Address. http://www.gov.ph/2013/07/22/benigno-s-aquino-iii- fourth-state-of-the-nation-address-july-22-2013/ •Bitonio, Josefina. Policy Development: A Lecture-presentation for Goodminds Empowerment & Training Specialists and Advocacy Cooperative http://www.slideshare.net/coopjbb1/policy-devt-feb- 26th?utm_source=slideshow&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=download_notificatio Nov. 22, 2011 Retrieved August 09, 2014 •Bitonio, Josefina. Policy Formulation. http://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/what-is-a- policy?utm_source=slideshow&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=download_notificatio Nov. 22, 2011 Retrieved August 09, 2014 •Melchor III, Alejandro. Inclusive Growth Through a Smarter Philippines! http://www.slideshare.net/budmelchor/inclusive-growth-through-a-smarter-philippines#btnNext Feb. 18, 2014 Accessed July 30, 2014 •_________________. About Project NOAH. http://www.gov.ph/about-project-noah/ July 06, 2012 • _________________. A Social Contract with the Filipino People. http://www.gov.ph/about/gov/exec/bsaiii/platform-of-government/ July 25, 2010
- 45. Reference: • __________________. Definition of Policy. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/policy Accessed July 30, 2014 C. PDF • Carrera, Arloyd P. & Sumajit, Maribeth R. Policy Formulation. Slideshare • Lagmay, Alfredo Mahar Francisco A. Project NOAH S & T for Disaster Risk Reduction 2013 • Martinez, Carlos C. Chapter IX Different Approaches to Policy Transfer in Innovations in Governance and Public Administration: Replicating what works, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, U.N. 2006 • Magante, Gee Lyn, M. and Almase, Ananda Devi, D. Revisiting Disaster Management Policy in the Philippines: Some Issues and Concerns in NDCP Policy Brief (A Publication Series on National Security Issues by the National Defense College of the Philippines) April 30, 2013 • _____________________. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) 2011‐2028 http://www.slideshare.net/tudlo/national-disaster-riask-reduction-and-management- plan?qid=91b7071e-8116-4c12-8a4d-c3dc6c63f2f8&v=default&b=&from_search=8# April 13, 2014 Retrieved August 12, 2014 • ______________________. Smarter Philippines. Department of Science and Technology June 02, 2014 D. Infographics • De Jesus, Julliane (Researcher) & Diamat, Mark (GFX) Philippines’ Worst Storms Since 2009. Inquirer.net NOTE: Slides 33 to 38 were author’s own analysis, with reference to slide 27. Disclaimer: The author claims no copyright ownership of all the photos or graphics used in this presentation and thanks all of those photographers/graphic artists who shared and published them thru internet.