3G network planning overview radio network 2002

Editor's Notes

• #11: Here is the existing BSS and RAN where there is tight connection of controllers and BTSs. All traffic is real time between these elements and different traffic types are separated in controller sites.
• #12: In packet-optimized RAN there are no controllers, but approximately 80% of the functionality of them is sifted to the BTS. The remaining 20% is sifted to Nokia Radio Network Access Server. All BTSs are multimode BTSs which can work with both GSM/EDGE and WCDMA accesses and are connected to single control plane elements. Any BTS is connected to any control plane element or any gateway. There is no longer any hierarchical connections. This allows added capacity to be consumed by the entire network, not just part of it. Also resilience is improving as any control plane element or gateway element is able to do the duty of the others. The control plane and user plane are distributed and can be developed and built independently. This has been one of the main reasons why IP has been so successful, allowing advances in the forwarding speeds and the routing control functionality to be made independently. By adopting this principle we can bring these same advantages to the RAN network - resulting in a higher performance network.
• #13: The main features for ALL-IP radio network in this architecture are a combined network for multiple radio interfaces, i.e. IP Multimode base stations. Common Radio Resource Management Open interfaces between elements Distributed architecture Open computing and routing platforms End to End QoS management Of course, legacy network elements and terminals can be used alongside with the new building blocks. The most important operator needs and benefits: More revenue and optimised QoS: QoS-based radio resource optimisation enables delivery of premium services Enables cost-efficient end-to-end QoS management. Less cost, more efficiency: Optimised usage of limited radio resources with Common Radio Resource Management Easier operability and management of multi-technology and multivendor networks Unlimited scalability with distributed architecture. Low risk: Enables evolution to IPv6-based mobility architecture Nokia is providing several evolution paths from existing networks to ALL-IP RAN Nokia track record in delivering end-to-end mobility solutions.
• #14: Nokia has the most advanced product portfolio for responding to any traffic requirements. In those parts of the network where the amount of CS traffic dominates, we have existing BSS and RAN releases which will be maintained and developed further to give superior network performance for this traffic environment. In those parts of the network where the amount of PS traffic is increasing quickly, we have a unique solution to optimize the networks for dominant traffic.
• #18: Power control – GSM 2Hz vs WCDMA 1.5kHz
• #26: Note 1 WCDMA capacity is a function of radio environment, user mobility/location and propagation conditions. Examples above are just examples of WCDMA cell capacities of a 3 sector macro cell BS configuration. Note 2 Different data speeds have different cell ranges. However this depends on link budget which is fixed (input for optimisation)
• #28: Received power levels are for same type of service
• #40: Radio resource management functionality consists of a set of algorithms, which are used for optimal utilization of the WCDMA radio interface resources. Admission Control (AC), Load Control (LC), Packet Scheduler (PS) and Resource Manager (RM) are network based functions, which means that these algorithms deal with radio resources of one cell at the same time. Power Control (PC) and Handover Control (HC) are RRC connection based, which means that these algorithms deal with the radio resources of one connection
• #47: Even if we are only discussing radio network dimensioning, we need to make reference to "system dimensioning" including transmission and circuit switched core
• #49: Forecasts on data usage (traffic profiles) are based on existing mobile traffic distribution and guesswork before first WCDMA networks can indicate better traffic behaviour (however limited to the available services and applications in the beginning)
• #60: SRC: Uplink improvement ~2.5 dB compared to 2-way diversity Downlink improvement ~1.5 dB with TX diversity assuming power splitting. If transmitted power remained the same for both transmit paths, then gain would be even higher (this means that if we originally had 20W for transmission, then we would have 2x20W for DL diversity). Beam steering: In uplink direction the diversity combining (Maximum Ratio Combining, MRC) maximises the signal-to-noise ratio and thus it "steers" the antenna beam towards mobile station using channel estimation (phasing the recived signals). In downlink the open loop method, STTD (space time block coding) or TSTD (time switched space diversity), does not steer the beam. In closed loop method the mobile directs the beam towards itself (phasing the transmitted signals).
• #61: Power splitting means that one 20W LPA module is shared between two carriers, resulting as 10W for both carriers.
• #63: Parameters : Uplink: Bit rate 144 kbps Eb/N0 = 1.5 dB Base station noise figure = 4.0 dB i=0.65 (3-sector macro) Antenna gain 18.0 dBi No cable loss = MHA used Fast fading margin = 4.0 dB + Soft handover gain = 2.0 dB 30% loading -> Interference margin = 1.5 dB  Max. path loss = 154.4 dB with SRC and 156.9 dB with SRC Downlink Eb/N0 = 5.5 dB Mobile station noise figure = 8.0 dB i=0.65 Orthogonality = 0.60 Base station antenna gain 18.0 dBi Mobile antenna gain 2.0 dBi Cable loss = 4.0 dB Max./average path loss = 6 dB Soft handover overhead = 40%, Soft handover gain = 2.5 dB
• #64: Parameters : Uplink: Bit rate 144 kbps Eb/N0 = 1.5 dB Base station noise figure = 4.0 dB i=0.65 (3-sector macro) Antenna gain 18.0 dBi No cable loss = MHA used Fast fading margin = 4.0 dB + Soft handover gain = 2.0 dB 30% loading -> Interference margin = 1.5 dB  Max. path loss = 154.4 dB with SRC and 156.9 dB with SRC Downlink Eb/N0 = 5.5 dB Mobile station noise figure = 8.0 dB i=0.65 Orthogonality = 0.60 Base station antenna gain 18.0 dBi Mobile antenna gain 2.0 dBi Cable loss = 4.0 dB Max./average path loss = 6 dB Soft handover overhead = 40%, Soft handover gain = 2.5 dB
• #65: Parameters : Uplink: Bit rate 144 kbps Eb/N0 = 1.5 dB Base station noise figure = 4.0 dB i=0.65 (3-sector macro) Antenna gain 18.0 dBi No cable loss = MHA used Fast fading margin = 4.0 dB + Soft handover gain = 2.0 dB 30% loading -> Interference margin = 1.5 dB  Max. path loss = 154.4 dB with SRC and 156.9 dB with SRC Downlink Eb/N0 = 5.5 dB Mobile station noise figure = 8.0 dB i=0.65 Orthogonality = 0.60 Base station antenna gain 18.0 dBi Mobile antenna gain 2.0 dBi Cable loss = 4.0 dB Max./average path loss = 6 dB Soft handover overhead = 40%, Soft handover gain = 2.5 dB
• #67: Assumed capacities 20 W : 3 x 40 Erl = 120 Erl 2x20 W + 2 carriers : 2 x 3 x 56.7 Erl = 340 Erl
• #73: Nokia NetAct Framework: New network management architecture; between the network elements and the management applications is the Unified Mediation and Adaptation layer, which makes it possible to have whatever technology or combination of several technologies in the network without affecting NetAct management applications. -> Same applications work with any technology! The Nokia NetAct software is a unified solution for managing any technology or combination of technologies, from GSM and UMTS to ATM and IP.