3G.ppt
- 1. 3G Networks IS 373 James Grate 1
- 2. Cellular Standards “Generations” • Early 1G – analog, for voice only 2G – digital, for voice • Converts analog into digital before modulating and transmitting • Most cellular providers currently use this technology • Now Change in the needs of communication 2
- 3. Evolution from 2G to 3G GPRS • Best-effort packet switched service used for data transfer. • Provides data rates from 56 kbps up to 114 kbps. EDGE • Evolved from GPRS. • Can be used for packet switched applications. 3
- 4. Introduction of 3G Created by NTT docomo. Commercially launch on Oct 1, 2001 in Japan. Commercially released by major US service provider Verizon Wireless in Oct 2003. Based on ITU standards, primarily IMT-2000. 4
- 5. 3G Improvements Basic telephone with data communication Higher speeds • 144kbps to 348 kbps at driving speeds • 384 kbps outside when still or slow • 2Mbps to 14.4Mbps while or inside 5
- 6. 3G Standards 6 Air/Radio Interfaces • W-CDMA • CDMA 2000 • TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA • EDGE • DECT • WiMax 6
- 7. Composition of 3G Networks Layered Network • Top: Service Layer • Middle: Control Layer • Bottom: Connectivity Layer 7
- 8. Privacy and Security User Authentication Network Authentication Device Authentication Data Monitoring End to End
- 9. Reliability and Robustness Cost of Service & Phones. Different Service Standards and Costs. Cost vs. Revenue. Lack of Mobile Users. International Obstacles. 9
- 10. Interoperability and Support 3G Enabled Devices 3G Networks The Standard (IMT-2000) ITU and Member Support • National Members • ITU • Carriers
- 11. Maintainability and Ease of Use 3G Enabled Devices 3G Networks The Standard (IMT-2000)
- 12. 4G Technology that allows you to connect anywhere Automatic access technology switches while maintaining TCP connections System support for voice and video over IP 12
- 13. 4G Possibilities Competitors for 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) • 4G path for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access/Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (W-CDMA/UMTS) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) • 4G path for CDMA2000 operators IEEE 802.16m • WiMax All based on… OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) designed for 100+Mbps in wide-area mobile apps 13
- 14. Progressing to 4G HSDPA/HSUPA • High-Speed Downlink and Uplink Packet Access • “3.5G” – considered so because of high speeds WiMax • Some say this can also be 4G (Sprint) • With OFDMA, this is faster than other ways of connecting in 3G 14
- 15. 4G Requirements High Quality of Service (QoS) • Video and other services require this • IP/MPLS can be used to guarantee this Spectrum • 4G requires 20MHz or more in a swath of spectrum • Limited, mobile communications already have allocated spectrum! 15
- 16. 4G Spectrum 700 Mhz band • Benefit 60% fewer cell sites • Downside More customers = More $ New frequency? New handsets/devices! • US Federal Communications Commission Part of the band has been set aside for public safety priority access 16
- 17. 4G Implementation New, all-IP network LTE • MIMO- Multiple Input Multiple Output Higher data rates with multiple antennas More reliability CDMA supporters (Verizon) may switch Pseudo wires • 60% less expensive then TDM or ATM per bit 17
- 18. 4G Conclusion Until 4G is officially defined, the idea behind it is to predict what end users want • Knowing that, networks need to be able to deliver the desired services in high quality. 18
- 19. References Kurose, James F. and Keith W. Ross. Computer Networking: A Top- Down Approach Featuring the Internet. 3rd ed. New York: Pearson Education, 2005. Luna, Lynnette. "The Long Road to 4G." Telephony (11 Dec. 2007): 12-18. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Van Houten Library, Newark, NJ. 3 May 2009 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&A N=28053259&site=ehost-live>. THRYFT, ANN. "3G WIRELESS DATA: about to break?." EDN 53.23 (13 Nov. 2008): 40-48. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Van Houten Library, Newark, NJ. 3 May 2009 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&A N=35457796&site=ehost-live>. Kaplan, Peter. “Verizon and AT&T dominate airwaves auction.” Reuters. 20 March 2008. 3 May 2009 <http://www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSN2042023 420080320?feedType=RSS&feedName=technologyNews> 19
- 20. Questions? 20