Consecutive intake of ZESPRI GOLD Kiwifruits makes positive influence on immunity -from the evidence of the clinical trial
- 1. Consecutive intake of ZESPRI GOLD Kiwifruits makes positive influence on immunity -from the evidence of the clinical trial Suzuki Naoko Orthomedico Inc, 1
- 2. Why Kiwi? Kiwi fruits contain a large amount of vitamin C - is considered to have antioxidant effect infection prophylactic effect. Gold Kiwis & Green Kiwis → Gold kiwis contain more vitamin C than green kiwis Animal study suggests that kiwi fruits have immunostimulating effect, however, it has still been obscure whether kiwi fruits have an influence over human immunity. ZESPRI Gold Kiwi Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic acid) To reveal the influence of daily intakes of gold- kiwi on human immunity by 4-week clinical trial Objective 2
- 3. Study Design Study Design Randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled Trial Clinic Seishin-kai Medical Association Inc, Takara Clinic Participants 36 healthy volunteers, who had felt fatigue daily age: ca. 40 y.o. (9 people/group) Period 4 weeks Inspection before intake (week-0) – after intake (week-4) Test before intake Test after intake Starting day to intake 3
- 4. Grouping Kiwi group 3 kiwis/day Editable part = ca. 300 g/day = 390 mg V.C. Banana group 3 banana/day Edible part = ca. 306 g/day = 48 mg V.C. V.C. group 390 mg of Vitamin C supplement/day No intake group No intake Same amount of edible part Same amount of vitamin C 4
- 5. Major Measure the Comprehensive Assessment of Human Immunity Patented technology to assess human immunity using factors to decrease easily with aging and stress Scoring of Immunological Vigor (SIV) - shows comprehensive immunological function calculated from 5 immunological factors such as number of T cells, CD8+CD28+ T cells and so on. T-lymphocyte Age - is calculated using number of CD8+CD28+ T cells, referring correlation between age and number of CD8+CD28+ T cells. 0 1 2 3 # T cells # CD8+CD28+ T cell Ratio of CD4/CD8 cells # naïve T cell Ratio of Naïve/Memory T cells Age Numberof CD8+CD28+Tcells 5
- 6. Comparison of T-lymphocyte ages between before and after intakes 35 40 45 50 55 60 Kiwi Banana V.C. No-intake T-lymphocyteAge Younger Elder * * N.S. N.S. *: p < 0.05, N.S.: not significantly Only in Kiwi group, T-lymphocyte age became younger by 2.1 y.o. after intake than before intake In Banana group, T-lymphocyte age was older after intake than before intake In both V.C. and No-intake group, there were no significant changes between before and after intakes -2.1 y.o. 6 Intakes of Kiwi might have effect on T-lymphocyte immunity to improve than either intakes of bananas or same amount of vitamin C.
- 7. Comparison of scoring of immunological vigor (SIV) between before and after intakes 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Kiwi Banana V.C. No-intake ScoreofImmunologicalVigor Bad Good N.S. + N.S. N.S. +: p < 0.1, N.S.: not significantly In Kiwi group, although not significantly, SIV slightly increased by 0.5 points (4.3%) after intake In Banana group, SIV significantly decreased by 1.6 points (-14.3%) after intake In both V.C. and No-intake group, any changes of SIV were not observed between before and after intakes Although not significantly, kiwi intakes might make positive influence on comprehensive immunity 7
- 8. 8 Immunological Scoring between before and after intakes 1 2 3 # T cells # CD8+CD28+ T cells Ratio of CD4/CD8 T cells # Naïve T cells Ratio of Naïve/Memo ry T cells Kiwi 1 2 3 # T cells # CD8+CD28+ T cells Ratio of CD4/CD8 T cells # Naïve T cells Ratio of Naïve/Memo ry T cells Banana Before After 1 2 3 # T cells # CD8+CD28+ T cells Ratio of CD4/CD8 T cells # Naïve T cells Ratio of Naïve/Memo ry T cells V.C. 1 2 3 # T cells # CD8+CD28+ T cells Ratio of CD4/CD8 T cells # Naïve T cells Ratio of Naïve/Memo ry T cells No-Intake
- 9. Changes of lower immunological items in Kiwi group 0 10 20 30 Before After CD8 T cell % 0 100 200 300 400 Before After Number of naïve T cell 0 100 200 300 Before After Number of CD8+CD28+ T cell /μl /μl In Kiwi group, of 13 measures, 3 immunological measures significantly increased after 4-week intake than before intake. CD8 T cell 20.6±5.1% → 22.0±5.7% Number of naïve T cell 237.3±89.4/μｌ → 261.5±97.2/μｌ Number of CD8+28+ T cell 184.3±42.8/μｌ → 205.9±53.2/μｌ Focused on the averages, others slightly seemed to increase although not significantly. → Increase of each immunological factor might make the comprehensive immunity improve, such as T-lymphocyte age and SIV. p = 0.025 p = 0.045 p = 0.048 9
- 10. Subjective effects of kiwi intake 0 5 10 week 0 week 4 Fatigue week 0 week 4 Bowel movement week 0 week 4 Skin dryness week 0 week 4 Skin conditionGood! Bad Visual Analogue Scale a kind of questionnaires, which volunteers respond (VAS) in a horizontal line as 10 is best and as 0 is worst as imaginary as possible. p = 0.003p = 0.029 p < 0.001 p = 0.006 As a result of VAS, points of 5 items were significantly increased after intake than before intake in Kiwi group. week 0 week 4 Eye Fatigue p = 0.038 Intakes of Kiwi has good bodily sensation for volunteers. 10
- 11. Safety • No volunteers complained any adverse events by daily intakes of 3 kiwis during the 4-week trial • Blood and Urinary medical examination showed some marginal significant change in hematocrit, MCV, cholinesterase (ChE), HDL cholesterol, glyco- albumin between before and after intakes of kiwi but all of them were in standard values. Daily intakes of 3 kiwis did not induce any problems for all volunteers. 11
- 12. Schema of Immunological influence of kiwi in the trial Kiwi Banana No intakeVitamin C Of the four groups, only Kiwi made positive influence on immunity during 4-week trial from the view of both integrated immunity and lower immunity. 12
- 13. Discussion Vitamin C is well-known nutrition to be expected positive effect of prevention of cold. Intake of vitamin C supplement did not improve human immunity. Vitamin-C dose expected to treat a cold is daily 1000-3000 mg intake to prevent 600-1000 mg intake Intake of 390-mg of vitamin C should not be enough to make immunity improve. Kiwis are a mixture of many kinds of nutritional component It might be better to intake vitamin C from fruits rather than to intake the one purified artificially. 1) Why did not vitamin C improve immunity? 2) Why did kiwi, including same amount of vitamin C, improve human immunity? 13
- 14. Conclusion A randomized, single-blind, 4-week clinical trial suggests the immunostimulating effect by daily intakes of 3 ZESPRI kiwis. Kiwi might play an important role in the preventive medicine by its immunostimulating effect, because it is a fruit of cheap and easy to eat. 14
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