4 ReGenX Generator Design Questions

4
ReGenX Generator Design Questions
Prepared by: Thane Heins
Date: December 8, 2018

Introduction:
This document will explain the nature of the ReGenX Generator design and
operation.
It will explain how the ReGenX Generator's Load Current Delay is created.
This document will explain why Magnetic Fields are a form of Energy.
And how this energy is created.
And why the Law of Conservation of Energy does not apply in Electromechanics.
This document will explain how and why the ReGenX Generator operates at
Infinite Efficiency.
And why all machines operate at 100% efficiency.
And why all electric generators, motors and transformers operate at over 100%
efficiency.
This document will explain why the early scientific community made a mistake
when it allowed Electromagnetics to be incorporated into Newtonian Mechanics.
And why the Newtoinian Mechanics model is inadequate at explaining electric
generator performance.

Question #1 ReGenX Generator Design
The ReGenX Generator is designed to reverse Generator Armature Reaction by introducing a Load
Current Delay into the generator coil's operation.
Generator Armature Reaction is a Counter Electromagnetic Torque which is produced around all
generator coils when electric current flows in the coil. The Counter Electromagnetic Torque resists
the torque direction provided to the generator by the prime mover and always necessitates a
mechanical drive shaft input power increase or Generator Armature Reaction will reduce and even
stall the prime mover and the generator output will be reduced to zero.
The Counter Electromagnetic Torque is work and this work is performed by the magnetic fields
which are created around the current bearing wires that make up the generator coil.
Generator coils are inductors which store energy in the Electromagnetic Field around the coil.
Diagram 1: Magnetic Fields Created Around a Generator Coil.
Magnetic Fields Performing Work and All Work Requires Energy
When a rotor magnet approaches a conventional generator coil the current direction produced in
the coil creates a magnetic field around the coil.
The magnetic field polarity of the coil's induced magnetic field is always the same as the
approaching rotor magnet's polarity.
Because like magnetic field polarities repel each other the coil's induced magnetic field performs
work when it reduces the kinetic energy of the approaching rotor magnet.
When the rotor magnet moves away from the coil the current direction is reversed and the coil's
induced magnetic field performs work resisting the rotor magnet's departure.
The prime mover must supply additional mechanical power to the generator via the drive shaft or
the magnetic fields will completely stall the prime mover.
The Work Energy Principle states that, “the change in kinetic energy of an object is equal to the
net work performed on that object.”
Energy is the currency required to perform any work.

In the case of an electric generator the work performed during Generator Armature Reaction /
Electric Vehicle Regenerative Braking is performed by the Magnetic Field Energy which is created.
Diagram 2: Conventional Generator Coil Armature Reaction
The induced magnetic field created around the coil's current bearing wires performs work on the
approaching rotor magnet and reduces its kinetic energy.
The Relationship Between Load Current Magnitude, Generator Armature Reaction
Magnitude and the Magnitude of Counter Electromagnetic Torque Produced and the
Work Performed by the Counter Electromagnetic Torque
The magnitude of the Counter Electromagnetic Torque produced inside a generator and the work
performed in opposition to the prime mover's torque direction is a function of the magnitude of
the Load Current (the current delivered through the load connected to the generator output).
If a load of infinite resistance (open circuit) is placed on the generator's output terminals, the load
current will be zero and no Generator Armature Reaction will be produced inside the generator
because no magnetic fields are created and the input power requirement to the prime mover will
be minimal.
If a load of zero resistance (short circuit) is placed on the generator's output terminals, the load
current will be maximum and maximum Generator Armature Reaction is produced around the
generator coils current bearing wires inside the generator because the magnetic fields are created
are at a maximum magnitude and they perform maximum work decelerating the prime mover.
The input power to the prime mover will also need be maximum or the work performed by the
generator coil's magnetic fields will completely stall the system.
In an electric vehicle; Generator Armature Reaction's Counter Electromagnetic Torque performs
work reducing the kinetic energy of the EV - decelerating it when recharge current flows in the
generator coils and is delivered to the EV's batteries.

The rate of EV deceleration is dictated by the magnitude of recharge current delivered to the EV's
batteries BUT EV regenerative braking has ABSOLUTELY NOTHING to do with the EV's batteries
being recharged.
Important Note of Clarification RE: EV Regenerative Braking Cause
Many people incorrectly believe that, Generator Armature Reaction or “EV Regenerative Braking
and the deceleration of the EV is a result of the EV's generator's load current performing work
recharging the EV's batteries and the greater the magnitude of load current delivered to the EV's
batteries and the more the batteries are recharged the faster the rate of EV deceleration.”
While this may sound casually plausible on the surface it is absolutely NOT VALID because when a
short circuit is placed on the same EV generator and when maximum load current is caused to
flow in the generator coils and when NO EV battery recharging is taking place (i.e. NO work being
performed recharging the EV's batteries), maximum Generator Armature Reaction is produced,
maximum work being performed by the magnetic fields created inside the generator around the
generator coils and maximum EV deceleration is created as a result of said magnetic fields.
EV Regenerative Braking (EV Kinetic Energy reduction) is NOT a caused by,
“the EV's motor operating as a generator performing work recharging the EV's batteries
and decelerating the EV as a result.”
EV Regenerative Braking IS caused by the Magnetic Fields Energy
which is created around the current bearing generator coils
inside the generator and the Counter Electromagnetic Torque produced by said
magnetic fields which performs the work decelerating the EV.
All torque is work and all work requires energy – the energy required to produce the Counter
Electromagnetic Torque is provided by the magnetic fields which are created around the
generator's current bearing wires.
Generator Armature Reaction/EV Regenerative Braking has absolutely nothing to do with the DC
resistance of the load or power being dissipated in the load because maximum Generator
Armature Reaction/maximum EV Regenerative Braking occurs when zero power is dissipated in a
load of zero resistance (i.e a short circuit).
Generator Armature Reaction/EV Regenerative Braking is only a function of current flow
magnitude in the coil.
How Load Current Delays are Created in all Inductors
The ReGenX generator coil employs a Load Current Delay in a novel way in order to reverse
Generator Armature Reaction but load current delays are nothing new in inductor operation.
When current is caused to flow in an inductor, the inductor's Impedance resists the flow of
current.
The rate of current flow build up (or time delay produced) is dictated by the inductor's 5 Time
Constant Rise Time which is a measure of time required to allow for the current to build up to a
maximum level in the coil.
The coil's time constant T, is measured by T = L/R in seconds where R is the value of the DC
resistance of the coil in Ohms and L is the value of the inductor in Henries.

The time required for the current flowing in the LR series circuit to reach its maximum steady
state value is equivalent to about 5 time constants or 5T which is referred to as the transient
time of the coil.
Diagram 3: Transient Curves for an LR Series Circuit
During AC operation the current is always delayed when increasing and when decreasing in the
generator coil due to the coil's impedance and the transient time of the coil.
Increasing the frequency of operation of the coil, increases the transient time of the coil which is a
partial contributor to the ReGenX generator coil's Load Current Delay.
The equivalent circuit for an inductor is shown below where the coil has DC resistance (R) in series
with inductance (L) and both in parallel with some capacitance (C).
Normally the Self Induced Capacitance (C) of the coil is negligible at low frequencies but as
frequency increases it becomes more and more prevalent until it eventually dominates the coil's
performance altogether.
Diagram 4: Equivalent Circuit for an Inductor
Any real inductor can be thought of as an ideal inductor that has a resistor in series with it (wire
resistance) and a capacitor in parallel with it (parasitic capacitance).
Now, where does the parasitic capacitance come from?
An inductor is made out of a coil of insulated wire, so there are essentially many tiny capacitors
between each of the windings (since there are two sections of wire separated by an insulator and
air). Each section of each windings has at a slightly different and constantly varying potential
(because of wire inductance and resistance).

As the frequency of operation increases, the impedance of the inductor increases while the
impedance of the parasitic capacitor decreases, so at some high frequency the impedance of the
capacitor is much lower than the impedance of the inductor, which means that the inductor begins
to behave more and more like a capacitor.
This is why some high frequency inductors have their windings placed far apart – in order to
reduce the effects of self induced parasitic capacitance.
The ReGenX Generator coil has its windings placed very tightly together in a very uniform and
symmetrical manner while being operated at a high enough frequency to allow the Self Induced
Capacitance to play an important role in providing the ReGenX Generator's required Load Current
Delay.
Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency.
The Capacitive reactance of a capacitor decreases
as the frequency across its plates increases.
Capacitive reactance opposes current flow.
Essentially at a certain Critical Minimum Frequency the ReGenX Generator coil operates as a Multi-
Parallel Plate Capacitor.
Diagram 5: Multi-Parallel Plate Capacitor
How Increased Frequency of Operation Increases the Coils Self Induced Capacitance
The total impedance of a generator coil (Zt) is the Inductive Reactance Xl + Rdc;
Zt = Xl + Rdc
where the Inductive Reactance Xl = 2 ∏ F L
F is the frequency of operation and
L is the coil's inductance.
Zt = 2 ∏ F L + Rdc
As the frequency of operation (F) is increased the total impedance (Zt) of the coil also increases.

And as frequency (F) is increased the inductance of the coil increases while the Self Induced
Capacitance also increases because Capacitive Reactance is:
Xc = 1
2 ∏ F C
As the frequency of operation is increased the total impedance of the coil (Zt) also increases and
the coil's ability to allow current to flow decreases.
If the frequency of operation is high enough the ability of the coil to conduct current is diminished
accordingly.
Zt = 2 ∏ F L + Rdc
As the frequency of operation of a ReGenX Generator coil is increased the impedance of the coil
increases while the self induced parasitic capacitance of the coil increases.
The ability of the coil to conduct current decreases as does the magnitude of the magnetic field
produced around the coil.
Eventually as the frequency of operation is increased enough, the ReGenX generator coil ceases to
operate as an inductor and to store energy in the electromagnetic field externally around the coil
and is forced to store energy temporarily electrostatically as voltage in between the windings of
the coil as a capacitor.
Each pair of windings acts as the capacitor plates and the air between as the dialectic.
When the voltage stored in the dialectic increases as it does in AC generator operation, it
eventually exceeds the dialectics ability to contain it and the dialectic breaks down and current
begins to flow in the coil as it normally would.
But the stored and delayed voltage is released through the coil only to be delayed yet again by
the coil's 5 Time Constant Rise Time.
The Load Current Delay is successfully produced by the combination of the RegenX Generator
coil's Capacitor Action and then the Inductor Transient Time Action which provides the rotating
magnetic field enough time to successfully get past the coil's core before the current in the coil is
able to fully manifest its Counter Electromagnetic Torque – which would normally resists the
rotating magnetic fields approach and departure from the generator coil.
Instead the ReGenX Generator coil's Load Current peaks when the rotating magnetic field is now
moving away from the coil.
Generator Armature Reaction and the conventional generator's Counter Electromagnetic Torque is
therefore reversed and replaced with a Complementary Electromagnetic Torque.

Diagrams 6 & 7 below show the conventional generator coil's load current sine wave in
green and the ReGenX Generator's Load Current Delayed sine wave in purple.
Diagram 6: ReGenX Generator Coil 45 Degree Load Current Delay
The Crest of the Green Sine Wave (highest point) denotes where the Rotating Magnetic Field is at
Top Dead Center to the coil – meaning it is at its closest point just prior to begin moving away.
The ReGenX Coil's Sine Wave (purple) is delayed meaning, instead of resisting the rotating
magnetic field's departure away from the coil – the rotating magnetic field is accelerated instead,
A Load Current Delay of 45 degrees is sufficient to reverse Generator Armature Reaction but a
Load Current Delay of 90 degrees can also be produced.
Diagram 7: ReGenX Generator Coil 90 Degree Load Current Delay
Special Note:
Both the conventional generator coil (green sine wave) and the ReGenX Generator coil (purple
sine wave) are connected to identical purely resistive loads (Load Power Factor =1) which means
the current and voltage sine waves for each coil are both in phase.

Diagram 7: Conventional Generator Coil Armature Reaction
When a rotor magnet approaches a conventional generator coil the current direction produced in
the coil creates a magnetic field which performs work on the rotor magnet, resisting its approach.
induced magnetic field resists the rotor magnet's departure.
Diagram 8: ReGenX Generator Coil Armature Reaction Reversal
When a rotor magnet approaches a ReGenX Generator coil the current direction produced in the
coil creates a magnetic field which performs work on the rotor magnet, assisting its approach.
induced magnetic field assists the rotor magnet's departure.

2007, 2010, 2017 - Three Different ReGenX Generator Coil Designs which all produced
Regenerative Acceleration or Generator Armature Reaction Reversal
The original 2007 ReGenX Generator coil was a very high impedance coil with high DC resistance
(150 Ohms) and high gauge wire (30 guage).
Because the DC resistance of the coil was so high it could not deliver any usable electric output –
just system acceleration (Generator Armature Reaction reversal) when loaded.
Early ReGenX Generator designs (2007 – 2010) employed both conventional generator coil
windings to deliver usable electric power and ReGenX Generator coils to override the conventional
coil's Generator Armature Reaction.
ReGenX coil current output = 0.1 Amps
In 2010 it was discovered that a 4 Ohm Bi-Filar winding of 22 gauge wire connected in series
could produce Regenerative Acceleration and usable electric power in a single winding
configuration thus eliminating the 2007 multi winding design requirement.
ReGenX coil current output = 1.0 Amps
In 2017 it was discovered that a 0.4 Ohm Bi-Filar winding of 18 gauge wire connected in parallel
could produce Regenerative Acceleration and usable electric power in a single winding
configuration thus eliminating the 2010 Bi-Filar Series Connected design requirement.
ReGenX coil current output > 100 Amps.
Diagram 9: First Industry Manufactured ReGenX Generator Coil 2017

Newtonian Mechanics Inability to Adequately Explain Electromechanics #1
Newtonian Mechanics is perfectly adequate at explaining purely mechanical systems but fails
miserably at explaining electromechanical systems where magnetic fields are present.
Diagram 10 below depicts a Newtonian Water Pump and a Newtonian Electricity Pump (generator)
and they appear to operate according to the same scientific principles when casually observed.
The work required to turn the pump increases with increased resistance in the circuit in both
cases.
As the load resistance increases the observer can imagine that the work performed turning the
water pump and generator would also increase.
The false premise which exists in the EV and electric generator industries is that the resistance felt
in the generator and the increase in effort required to turn the generator is incorrectly assumed to
be due to the resistance of the load and that the generator must somehow push or pump
electrons through the load resistance.
This falsehood is easily corrected when one understands that the Voltage (Electromotive Force)
created by the generator is what causes current flow in the circuit and that the load resistance
does not “resist” current flow in a mechanical sense but rather is just a measure of how much
energy will be converted to heat in the load by Joule Heating according to the formula;
P = I^2 R
Where P is the power dissipated in the load,
I is the magnitude of current flow in the load and
R is the load resistance.
Diagram 10: Newtonian Water Pump and Electric Generator Depictions #1

Misleading Newtonian cartoons like the ones below only add to the comprehension problem
because electric wire resistance does NOT restrict current flow in the mechanical sense as
incorrectly demonstrated below in the Newtonian models. Diagram 13 is a correct depiction. Wire
resistance only dictates how much current is converted and dissipated as heat.
Diagram 11: INCORRECT Newtonian Depiction of Volts, Amps and Resistance Relationships
Diagram 12: INCORRECT Newtonian Depiction of Volts, Amps and Resistance Relationships
Diagram 13: CORRECT Depiction of Volts, Amps, Power, Resistance and Heat Energy
Dissipation Relationships in a Wire

Newtonian Mechanics Failure to Explain Electromechanics #2 & #3
If Newtonian Mechanics was adequate at explaining Electromechanics the infinite resistance and
zero resistance load scenarios depicted below would be congruent.
They are not congruent in fact they are diametrically opposed because magnetic fields are present
in the electromagnetic system which are not present in the Newtonian Mechanics system.
For example, when an infinite resistance is placed on the water circuit (Diagram #14) the water
pump cannot be turned no matter how much force is applied to the hand crank because the water
back pressure will not allow it to turn.
In the electrical circuit however the generator is able to turn freely with minimal effort when an
infinite resistance is placed in the circuit.
And when a a zero resistance load is placed on both the water circuit and similarly on the
generator circuit and when current flow-rate is maximum the water pump requires minimal
mechanical power input while the electric generator requires maximum mechanical input power.

So why does the electric generator require the maximum mechanical input power when the load
resistance is zero Ohms?
Because the electric current flowing in the circuit is maximum and the current magnitude dictates
the magnitude of the magnetic fields created inside the generator and the magnitude of Counter
Electromagnetic Torque / Generator Armature Reaction produced or the magnitude of work
performed by the induced magnetic field energy in opposition to the turning action of the
generator hand crank.
How to Calculate Electric Generator Efficiency Correctly
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that, “energy cannot be created or destroyed [or lost]
and is only changed from one form to another.”
Based on the above statement we can conclude that every machine ever made must be 100%
efficient at a minimum.
The is no such thing as “losses” since energy can not be lost but only converted from one form to
another.
An electric generator is a device which converts mechanical input power to electrical output power
and according to the Law of Conservation of Energy it must be 100% efficient when all the energy
conversions are accurately accounted for, i.e. mechanical to electrical and electrical and
mechanical to heat.
Electric generators however do not just simply convert mechanical input power to electrical output
power they also create mechanical power via the magnetic field energy which is created and
which produces the Counter Electromagnetic Torque/Generator Armature Reaction which performs
work and decelerates the generator's prime mover or an electric vehicle.
Using conventional generator efficiency calculations an electric generator which is 90% efficient
will require a 10 Watt mechanical drive shaft input increase when placed on load and when
delivering 9 Watts to a load.
Electric Generator Efficiency = Output / Input x 100

The required increase in mechanical input power to the generator which is provided to by the
prime move is due to the work performed by the magnetic field energy and the Counter
Electromagnetic Torque produced.
If the absolute values of the electrical output power, the mechanical output power and the heat
conversions were all accounted for in electric generator performance, all electric generators would
be well over 100% efficient.
Because the ReGenX Generator requires a 0.00 Watt mechanical drive shaft input power increase
when placed on load while delivering 9 Watts to the load the mechanical to electrical conversion
efficiency is infinite.
Electric Generator Efficiency = Output / Input x 100
Electric Generator Efficiency = 9 W / 0.0 W x 100
ReGenX Generator Efficiency = Infinity
Electric Power Dissipation as Heat in a Wire
Diagram 16: Magnetic Field around a Current Bearing Wire
The power dissipated in the wire as heat is equal to;
P = I^2 R
Electric Power Dissipation as Heat in a Coil
The power dissipated in the wire as heat is equal to;
P = I^2 R
Diagram 17: Magnetic Field around a Current bearing Coil

An Electric Motor Coil is Just an Induction Heater
An electric motor coil is a device which converts electrical input power to heat due to Joule
Heating of the coil due to the resistance of the coil's windings by the equation;
P = I^2 R
An electric motor coil has absolutely zero ability to convert electrical input power to mechanical
output power and it is only capable of converting electrical input energy to heat output.
100% of the torque provided by an electric motor and 100% of the work performed is due to the
magnetic field energy which is created around the current bearing wires that make up the motor
coil.
Similarly a transformer is also just an induction heater and all the work they perform is due to the
magnetic field energy which is created around the transformer windings.
Conclusions Summary
The nature of the ReGenX Generator design and operation is such that the ReGenX
Generator is caused to perform as both a capacitor and an inductor and where the combination of
these two operations are adequate to produce a sufficiently long enough Load Current Delay which
is capable of reversing Generator Armature Reaction / Generator on load Counter Electromagnetic
Torque / EV regenerative braking and producing EV Regenerative Acceleration / Generator
Complementary Electromagnetic Torque in its place.
Inductor coil induced magnetic fields are a form of energy, they perform work and they
create the counter torque in electric generators and the torque in motors.
Magnetic field energy is created when current flows in a wire and the magnitude of magnetic
field energy is directly proportional to the magnitude of current flow.
The Law of Conservation of Energy does not apply in Electromechanics and never has
because energy can and is being created every time current flows in a wire.
The ReGenX Generator operates at infinite efficiency because it requires a 0.00 Watt
mechanical drive shaft input power increase when delivering electric power to the loads.
All machines operate at 100% efficiency and there are no such thing as losses only energy
conversions – therefore all machines must be 100% efficient in their various energy conversions.
All electric generators, motors and transformers operate at over 100% efficiency when
the work performed by the created magnetic field energy is accurately factored in rather than
ignored.
The scientific community made a mistake when it allowed Electromechanics to be
incorporated into Newtonian Mechanics because magnetic fields are present in
electromechanical systems and are not present in purely Newtonian systems.
The Newtoinian Mechanics model is inadequate at explaining electric generator
performance and they are diametrically opposed to each other.

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