4_6050803068235156154.pptx endodontic radiograph
- 2. Importance of Radiography in Endodontics
- 3. ď‚— The three general areas of application are diagnosis, treatment, and recall; each requires its own special approach.
- 5. Diagnosis: characterizing normal structures
- 6. Diagnosis: Determining Root and Pulpal Anatomy :
- 8. ď‚— X- rays are electromagnetic rays with short wave length that can penetrate objects according to their density.
- 9. Principles of X-ray formation
- 10. The quality of the radiograph ď‚— The aim of radiographic examination is to obtain maximum differentiation of tissues on the film. ď‚— This differentiation can only be achieved when the film has certain degrees of the following criteria:
- 11. ď‚— Detail: determined with sharp well defined borders of the all images of the radiograph .
- 12. ď‚— Contrast: the difference between the different shades of gray in the image .
- 13. ď‚— Density: degree of blackening of the film .
- 14. ď‚— Distortion: changes in the size or shape of the radiographic object .
- 15. Basic principles of image formation
- 16. ď‚— To obtain well defined radiographs one which are neither enlarged nor distorted one must understand the projection geometry. ď‚— The size and position of the focal spot relative to the object and film are important in determining the image clarity ( sharpness and contrast), image magnification & image distortion.
- 17. Image sharpness A large source of rays will produce a large penumbra so a blurred image
- 18. Decreasing the size of the target ( anode) will decrease the penumbra so producing sharper images .
- 19. Penumbra will increase when the object is closer to the source of rays
- 21. Using long cone will increase the distance between the source and the object
- 22. Object –film distance When increased the penumbra will increase & the image is enlarged
- 25. Image distortion
- 27. ď‚— Short cone bisecting angle technique ď‚— Long cone paralleling technique
- 37. Spatial localization: Buccal object rule(SLOB)
- 43. Other indications: Click icon to add picture Diagnosing the buccal or palatal position of radiolucencies and/or foreign bodies related to the apecies of the roots
- 45. Click icon to add picture Corono-apical angulation
- 49. Click icon to add picture considerable bone must be resorbed before the lesion is clearly visible
- 50. Endodontic Pathosis: Radiolucent Lesions ď‚— Apical lamina dura is absent, having been resorbed. ď‚— A "hanging drop of oil" shape is characteristic of the radiolucency. ď‚— The radiolucency "stays" at the apex regardless of cone angulation. ď‚— A cause of pulpal necrosis is usually (but not always) evident
- 52. Radiopaque Lesions ď‚— Known as condensing osteitis , focal sclerosing osteomyelitis.. ď‚— The radiographic pattern is one of diffuse borders and a roughly concentric arrangement around the apex . ď‚— Pulpal necrosis and a radiolucent inflammatory lesion may or may not be present. Frequently, condensing osteitis and apical periodonritis are present together.
- 53. Cone alignment