4_sfoc_pp.ppt
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The document outlines 7 courses of action ("figure out", "get out", "call out", "hide out", "keep out", "spread out", "take out") for responding to an active shooter situation and surviving. It describes adopting a "survival mindset" comprised of awareness, preparation, and rehearsal. It also discusses interacting safely with law enforcement responders, distinguishing active shooters from hostage situations, potential warning signs of violence through concerning behaviors, and the importance of prevention through reporting suspicions.
4_sfoc_pp.ppt
- 2. Survival Mindset and Courses of Action
- 3. Survival Mindset and Courses of Action Overview ✦ Describe the “protective shield” ✦ Describe “figure out” ✦ Describe “get out” ✦ Describe “call out” ✦ Describe “hide out” ✦ Describe “keep out” ✦ Describe “spread out” ✦ Describe “take out”
- 4. Survival Mindset Odds of one’s involvement in campus violence ✦ Consequences are potentially catastrophic ✦ Proper mindset and tools to react with purpose ✦ Incidents over quickly (10-15 minutes) First line of defense 2003 Study by Illinois State Police Academy on Active Shooters Action taken by personnel on-site most effective way to stop the killing
- 5. Survival Mindset Odds of one’s involvement in campus violence ✦ Campus shootings can occur anytime, anywhere, to anyone Unlike any situation ever experienced ✦ Bottom Line: You need to take direct responsibility for your personal safety and security ✦ Survival Mindset is a protective shield Comprised of three components: Awareness, Preparation, and Rehearsal
- 6. Survival Mindset Survival Mindset Components ✦ Awareness Gain a basic understanding of situation Become attuned to work environment Predetermined mindset will help you take rapid, effective actions
- 7. Survival Mindset Survival Mindset Components ✦ Preparation Looking at your school environment through the lens of survival “What if” questions are critical in developing effective response strategies Survivors prepare themselves both mentally and emotionally to do whatever it takes to survive ✦ Rehearsal Mentally or physically practicing your plan ✦ Will reduce response time and build confidence A survival inoculation
- 8. Survival Mindset Life-Threatening Risk ✦ Any action taken, or not taken, during an active-shooter incident may involve life-threatening risk Survival Mindset ✦ Will provide a strong foundation upon which to base decisions and actions
- 9. Courses of Action Figure Out ✦ How are you going to survive? ✦ Will you get out? Is there a path of escape? ✦ Will you hide out? Is there a chance to get to where the shooter may not find you? ✦ Is your only option to take out the shooter?
- 10. Courses of Action Trained versus Untrained ✦ First response is the same for both groups ✦ Reactions begin to differ markedly from there on out Trained Untrained Startle and Fear Startle and Fear Feel Anxious Panic Recall what they have learned Fall into disbelief Prepare to act as rehearsed Lost in denial Commit to action Descend into helplessness
- 11. Courses of Action Survival Mindset ✦ Enables you to act quickly and effectively ✦ Mindful, not fearful Airline safety briefing Better able to make that first, critical decision Continuous assessment process ✦ Allows you to take appropriate survival action ✦ Use all senses ✦ Trust your intuition—that “gut” feeling Knowing without knowing why
- 12. Courses of Action Get Out ✦ Move quickly; don’t wait for others to validate your decision ✦ Leave belongings behind ✦ Survival chances increase if not where shooter is or to go where he can’t see you Call Out ✦ Inform authorities ✦ Call 9-1-1 and tell them name of shooter (if known), shooter description, location, number and type of weapons
- 13. Courses of Action Hide Out ✦ May not be able to get out Shooter between you and the only exit Would have to enter area where shooter is positioned ✦ Hiding place Well hidden and well protected Avoid places that might trap you or restrict movement
- 14. Courses of Action Keep Out ✦ Find a room that can be locked with objects to hide behind ✦ Blockade door with heavy furniture ✦ Turn out lights; become totally silent ✦ Turn off noise- producing devices ✦ Call 9-1-1 (If you can do so without alerting the shooter)
- 15. Courses of Action Spread Out ✦ If two or more of you, DO NOT huddle together Gives you options and makes it harder for the shooter ✦ Quietly develop a plan of action in the event the shooter enters ✦ Remain calm Can have a contagious effect on others Keeps others focused on survival
- 16. Courses of Action Take Out ✦ Assume shooter’s intentions are lethal ✦ Shooter will succeed in killing all those with whom he comes in contact, UNLESS you stop him ✦ Develop a survival mindset that you have “what it takes” to survive when your life is on the line
- 17. Courses of Action Take Out ✦ You must be prepared to do whatever it takes to neutralize the threat Throw things, yell, use improvised weapons If two or more of you, make a plan to overcome the shooter Do the best that you can—choose to survive
- 18. Summary ✦ “Figure out” ✦ “Get out” ✦ “Call out” ✦ “Hide out” ✦ “Keep out” ✦ “Spread out” ✦ “Take out” Arm Yourself with a Survival Mindset
- 20. Law Enforcement Responders Interacting with Law Enforcement Responders ✦ Do NOT expect officers to assist you as you get out Primary job is to locate the shooter and neutralize the threat Medical assistance will follow once the threat is neutralized ✦ Law Enforcement must assume everyone is a threat to their safety Be prepared to: have weapons pointed in your direction be subject to search be handcuffed
- 21. Law Enforcement Responders Interacting with Law Enforcement Responders ✦ When Law Enforcement officers enter the room, do not present a threat to them Do NOT Point at them or the shooter Make quick movements Run towards them or attempt to hug them Scream or yell
- 22. Law Enforcement Responders Interacting with Law Enforcement Responders Do NOT Have anything in your hands; officers are taught that “hands kill” DO Raise your arms Spread your fingers Show hands as you drop to the floor Spread arms and legs
- 23. Law Enforcement Responders Key Information ✦ Be prepared to calmly, quickly, and accurately provide: Name of shooter (if known) Number of shooters Description of shooter Location of shooter Number and types of weapons carried by shooter
- 24. Distinctions Between an Active Shooter and a Hostage Situation
- 25. Active Shooter vs. Hostage Situation Overview ✦ Distinctions between an Active Shooter and a Hostage Situation ✦ How to assist Law Enforcement responders ✦ Key information needed by Law Enforcement responders
- 26. Active Shooter vs. Hostage Situation Require different behavioral responses Active Shooter ✦ An armed individual who has used deadly force and continues to do so with unrestricted access ✦ Can involve Single shooters, multiple shooters Close encounters, distant encounters Targeted students, random victims Single-room confrontations, mobile confrontations ✦ No two situations are alike
- 27. Active Shooter vs. Hostage Situation Hostage Situation ✦ Involves an armed and dangerous individual who may or may not have already used deadly force ✦ In most cases, his access will be restricted; significant difference is the containment of the offender and victim ✦ Motive can vary between substantive or expressive
- 28. Active Shooter vs. Hostage Situation ✦ Substantive motives include those things the hostage-taker cannot obtain for himself (money, escape, etc.) Holds hostages to force fulfillment of demands upon a third party Makes direct or implied threats to harm hostages if demands are not met Primary goal is to achieve demands; not to harm hostages
- 29. Active Shooter vs. Hostage Situation ✦ Expressive motives include compensating for a loss Act in an emotional, senseless, and self- destructive way No clear goals; exhibit purposeless/self-defeating behavior No substantive or escape demands OR totally unrealistic demands Believe they have been wronged; strong emotions disrupt their ability to reason
- 30. Active Shooter vs. Hostage Situation Hostage-Takers ✦ Express their behavior or vent their frustration Undertake actions that bring them into contact with Law Enforcement ✦ Realize that ONLY by keeping their hostages alive can they hope to achieve their goals Understand failure to do so will: change the incident dynamics increase likelihood authorities will use force to resolve the incident
- 31. Active Shooter vs. Hostage Situation Hostage survival can be enhanced if you: ✦ Remain calm ✦ Follow directions ✦ Avoid sudden movements ✦ Maintain eye contact (but don’t stare) ✦ Find the middle position (not too assertive/passive) ✦ Personalize yourself ✦ Don’t argue ✦ Don’t be a nuisance ✦ Don’t turn your back
- 32. Active Shooter vs. Hostage Situation Law Enforcement Negotiation Efforts ✦ Will take time; be mentally prepared for a protracted situation ✦ Law Enforcement negotiators will use active listening skills to: Communicate with hostage-taker Defuse emotions Build rapport Work towards a peaceful resolution ✦ Historically, most hostage situations have been resolved through negotiations and ended peacefully
- 34. Behaviors of Concern Common myths ✦ Out of the blue ✦ Never saw it coming ✦ He just snapped ✦ Most situations will resolve themselves if given a cooling off period ✦ Warning signs are always predictive of violent behavior ✦ Violence is random, spontaneous, and unpredictable
- 35. Behaviors of Concern Realities ✦ Threats almost always present ✦ Leakage, warnings made through comments (intentional or unintentional) can reveal clues to feelings, thoughts, fantasies, or intentions that may result in violence ✦ Erratic/abnormal behavior is a principal warning sign of future violence ✦ Bullying is often a steppingstone to violence ✦ The path toward violence is an evolutionary one with signposts along the way
- 36. Behaviors of Concern Offenders ✦ Often exhibit angry or argumentative behavior ✦ Blame others for their problems ✦ Fail to take responsibility for their own actions ✦ Retaliate against perceived injustice
- 37. Behaviors of Concern Other concerns ✦ Increasing belligerence ✦ Ominous, specific threats ✦ Hypersensitivity to criticism ✦ Recent acquisition/fascination with weapons
- 38. Behaviors of Concern Other concerns ✦ Preoccupation with violent themes ✦ Interest in recently publicized violent events ✦ Outburst of anger ✦ Extreme disorganization ✦ Noticeable changes in behavior ✦ Homicidal/suicidal comments or threats
- 39. Behaviors of Concern Suicide ✦ May not be perceived as a threat to others ✦ Serious danger sign ✦ Described as violence directed inward ✦ Many campus shootings end in offender suicide
- 40. Prevention If suspicious or uncomfortable, report your observations and feelings Many reporting options available ✦ Campus law enforcement ✦ Resident assistants ✦ Professors ✦ Counseling centers ✦ Anonymous reporting College violence prevention programs
- 41. Prevention Violence and threats of violence ✦ Often result from frustration and a communication breakdown ✦ Individuals can make a difference Listen to “troubled” individual People want to be heard and understood A safe campus is everyone’s responsibility
- 42. Behaviors of Concern Summary ✦ How to respond to law enforcement responders ✦ Key information needed by law enforcement responders ✦ Distinctions between an active shooter and a hostage-taker ✦ Behaviors of concern ✦ Preventive measures to avert violence