This document summarizes early Christian heresies and church councils in the 4th century. It discusses the Arian heresy started by Arius which denied the divinity of Christ. It also describes the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea in 325 called by Constantine which established the Nicene Creed affirming Christ is of the same substance as God the Father. Finally, it outlines subsequent church councils and theologies that debated Christology in the decades following Nicaea.