551000400-Introduction-To-Engineering-Skills.pdf
- 1. UNITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Civil Engineering Department Course No Geng 1061 Introduction to Engineering Skills prepared by:. Fekadu B.
- 2. Course Objectives 1. Familiarize the students with the meaning, history and different aspects of engineering. 2. Help the students explore future career and provide resources for job opportunities. 3. Introduce professional practice, responsibilities, health and safety and engineering ethics in academia and in the workplace.
- 3. Course Outcome Understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities. Ability to study effectively. Ability to think critically, being innovative/creative and apply engineering reasoning to problem solving. Ability to communicate effectively.
- 4. Introduction Definition of “ Engineering” History of Engineering Responsibilities The value of the engineering profession The legal framework of the engineering profession Engineering Majors
- 5. Engine’er (Literally, one who operates an engine) originally referred to “a constructor of military engines.” The word “engine” deriving from the Latin ingenium, and meaning “innate (inborn) quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention.”
- 6. Definition Over the years, many definitions of engineering have been put forth, from that of the famous scientist Count Rumford over 200 years ago: “Engineering is the application of science to the common purpose of life”. To the current standard definition of engineering provided by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET).
- 7. "Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of humankind. "
- 8. NAE of the US defines Engineer 2020 as “understands the principals of inquiry-based scientific methods and engineering under constraint and be able to apply them in the technological society.”
- 9. History of Engineering Pre-Scientific revolution Industrial revolution Second industrial revolution Information revolution
- 10. Pre-scientific Revolution The fore runners of engineers, practical artists and craftsmen, proceeded mainly by trial and error. Yet tinkering combined with imagination produced many marvelous devices and monuments. The ancient Egyptians temples and monuments such as the great Pyramids are examples of craftsmanship and intuitive engineering ingenuity. The prehistory of modern engineering features ancient master builders and Renaissance engineers such as Leonardo da Vinci.
- 11. Industrial Revolution From the eighteenth through early nineteenth century, civil and mechanical engineers changed from practical artists to scientific professionals. This phase of engineering lasted through the First Industrial Revolution, when machines, increasingly powered by steam engines, started to replace muscles in most production. While pulling off the revolution, traditional artisans transformed themselves to modern professionals.
- 12. Second Industrial Revolution The second industrial revolution, symbolized by the advent of electricity and mass production, was driven by many branches of engineering. In the century before World War II, chemical, electrical, and other science based engineering branches developed electricity, telecommunications, cars, airplanes, and mass production.
- 13. Information Revolution As engineering science matured after the war, microelectronics, computers, and telecommunications jointly produced information technology. Microelectronics, telecommunications, and computer engineering joined force to precipitate the information revolution in which intellectual chores are increasingly alleviated by machines.
- 14. Science, Engineering & Technology
- 15. Science The systematic observation of natural events and conditions in orders to discover facts about them and to formulate laws and principles based on these facts. Organized body of knowledge that is derived from such observations and that can be verified or tested by further investigation. Any specific branch of this is general body of knowledge, such as biology, physics, chemistry, geology, or astronomy. (Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology)
- 16. Engineering A discipline and profession of applying technical and scientific knowledge and utilizing natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective and meet specified criteria.
- 17. Technology It is a product of engineering and science. In general, technology, is the relationship that society has with its tools and crafts, and to what extent society can control its environment (knowledge). The practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area and a capability given. Technicians and craftsmen involved in fabrication and testing all components, as well assembling.
- 18. GENERALLY
- 20. Responsibilities of the Professional Engineer Safety of the public Welfare of the society Environmental concerns Abide by laws, regulations, standards and ethical code Produce products/devices that have the following characteristics: Adequate performance Cost-efficient Low operating and maintenance cost Longevity/durability
- 21. Cont’d Engineers are responsible of development of civilizations. They provide: Shelters Infrastructure Communication to link people Products to make our lives easier and more enjoyable.
- 22. THE ENGINEERING PROCESS The heart of Engineering is, the engineering process, sometimes called the engineering design process. The engineering design process is a step- by-step method to produce a device, structure, or system that satisfies a need. The complete step-by-step design process can be illustrated by the schematic below.
- 23. Figure: Schematic presentation of Engineering process.
- 24. Cont’d During the design process, a number of constraints may be identified. Whatever these constraints may be e.g., availability of parts and materials, personnel, and/or facilities the final design must not only meet all design specifications but also satisfy any constraints. Many iterations through the engineering design process may be required before a final design is selected. Fabrication of some of the designs may be required in order to test how well each meets the performance specifications.
- 25. It should be noted that the engineering design process is part of the broader product development cycle that begins with the perception of a market opportunity and ends with the production, sale, and delivery of a product.
- 26. REWARDS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF AN ENGINEERING CAREER Engineering is a unique and highly selective profession. The overwhelming majority of people employed in this country do something other than engineering. So why choose to study engineering? Why strive to become one of those college graduates who receive their B.S. degree in engineering? The benefits of an engineering education and the rewards and opportunities of a career in engineering are numerous.
- 27. Top 10 awards and benefits
- 28. Cont’d With so many benefits and job opportunities a career in engineering promises, you'd think that college students would be declaring engineering majors in droves. I guess engineering really is a unique and highly selective profession. Therefore, Consider yourself lucky to be one of the "chosen few !!!"
- 29. ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES Aerospace engineers Design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft, and missiles and supervise the manufacture of these products. Those who work with aircraft are called aeronautical engineers, and those working specifically with spacecraft are astronautical engineers. Develop new technologies for use in aviation, defense systems, and space exploration.
- 30. Agricultural engineers • Apply knowledge of engineering, technology and science to agriculture and the efficient use of biological resources. • Design agricultural machinery and equipment and agricultural structures. • Develop ways to conserve soil and water and to improve the processing of agricultural products.
- 31. Bioprocess engineers Develop device and procedures that solve medical and health-related problems by combing their knowledge of biology and medicine with engineering principles and practices. May do research, along with life scientists, chemists, and medicinal scientists, to develop and evaluate systems and products such as artificial organs, prostheses (artificial devices that replace missing body parts), instrumentation, medical information systems, and health management and care delivery systems.
- 32. Biochemical engineers Biochemical engineers study the chemical reactions and processes that occur naturally in living systems (plants and animal) so that these processes can be copied and used for human benefit. For example, biochemical processes are used in brewing beer, sewerage and waste water treatment and in many food manufacturing processes.
- 33. Petroleum and petrochemical engineers Engineers in this field search the world for reservoirs containing oil or natural gas based on geological study. Once these resources are discovered, petroleum engineers work with geologist and other specialists to understand the geologic formation and properties of the rock containing the reservoir, determine the drilling methods to be used and monitor drilling and production operations. They design equipment and processes to achieve the maximum profitable recovery of oil and gas.
- 34. Process control engineers Process control engineers are concerned with creating and maintaining computer software and systems designed to control the quantity and quality of a particular products. Computers are used in a chemical plant to control such as temperature, pressure and liquid level in the tank. It is also important to ensure that the maximum amount of waste material is produced during manufacturing.
- 35. Nuclear engineers Design, develop, monitor, and operate nuclear plants to generate power. They may work on the nuclear fuel cycle, the production, handling, and use of nuclear fuel and the safe disposal of waste produced by the generation of nuclear energy or on the development of fusion energy.
- 36. ENGINEERING JOB FUNCTIONS Another way to understand the engineering profession is to examine engineers from the perspective of the work they do or the job functions they perform. Following is a description of the nine main engineering job functions.
- 37. ANALYSIS The analytical engineer is primarily involved in the mathematical modeling of physical problems. Using the principles of mathematics, physics, and engineering science and making extensive use of engineering applications software. The analytical engineer plays a critical role in the initial stage of a design project, providing information and answers to questions that are easy and inexpensive to obtain.
- 38. DESIGN The design engineer converts concepts and information into detailed plans and specifications that dictate the development and manufacture of a product. Recognizing that many designs are possible, the design engineer must consider such factors as production cost, availability of materials, ease of production, and performance requirements. Creativity and innovation, along with an analytic mind and attention to detail, are key qualifications for a design engineer.
- 39. TEST The test engineer is responsible for developing and conducting tests to verify that a selected design or new product meets all specifications. Depending on the product, tests may be required for such factors as structural integrity, performance, or reliability all of which must be performed under all expected environmental conditions. Test engineers also conduct quality control checks on existing products.
- 40. DEVELOPMENT In a more general context, the development engineer is instrumental in turning concepts into actual products or applying new knowledge to improve existing products. Here, the development engineer is responsible for determining how to actualize or apply what the researcher discovers in the laboratory, typically by designing, fabricating, and testing prototypes or experimental models.
- 41. SALES The sales engineer is the liaison person between the company and the customer. In this role, the sales engineer must be technically proficient in order to understand the product itself and the customer's needs. That means he/she must be able to explain the product in detail: how it operates, what functions it can perform, and why it will satisfy the customer's requirements.
- 42. RESEARCH Engineering researchers are interested in ways to apply the knowledge to engineering practices and principles. Research engineers are thus explore mathematics, physics, chemistry and engineering sciences in search of answers or insights that will contribute to the advancement of engineering.
- 44. CONSULTING Depending on the client's specific needs, the consulting engineer's work can vary considerably. Investigations and analyses preplanning design and design implementation research and development construction management and recommendations regarding engineering-related problems are just a few examples.
- 45. TEACHING Teaching includes not only classroom instruction, but also course and curriculum development, laboratory development, and the supervision of student projects or theses. "Service" is a catch-all term that refers to the many other functions expected of engineering professions. These include such activities as community involvement, participation in faculty governance, public service, and consulting.
- 46. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES When you graduate in engineering, you will face a number of choices. The first will be whether you want to continue your education full time or seek work as a practicing engineer. Manufacturing sectors Computer and electronic product manufacturing Transportation equipment manufacturing Machinery manufacturing Chemical manufacturing FOOD, BEVERAGE and PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing.
- 47. Cont’d SERVICE SECTORS Technical services Construction. Wholesale trade Administration and support Management of companies and enterprises …..
- 48. ENGINEERING AS A PROFESSION & ENGINEERING ETHICS When you receive your B.S. degree in engineering, you will join the engineering profession. Engineering may be considered as a profession in so far as it meets the following characteristics: Knowledge and skill in specialized fields A desire for public service and a willingness to share discoveries for the benefit of others Establishment of a relation of confidence between the professional and client or employer Acceptance of overall and specific codes of conduct
- 49. Cont’d Formation of professional groups and participation in advancing professional ideals and knowledge. Recognition by law as an identifiable body of knowledge.
- 50. Engineering Ethics Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of the engineering profession by: Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare; Being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity (loyalty, faithfulness, reliability) the public, their employers a and clients; and Striving to increase the competence and prestige/respect of the engineering profession.
- 51. Therefore,…. Engineering ethics will defined as the rules and standards governing the conduct of engineers in their role as professionals. Hence, In general Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people. Accordingly, the services provided by engineers require honesty, impartiality, fairness, and equity, and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare.
- 52. BE PROUD OF BEING AN ENGINEER! THANK YOU!!!