6tips web-perf
1 like462 views
The document provides six essential tips for building fast web applications, primarily focusing on backend development with PHP. Key recommendations include avoiding premature optimization, only performing necessary tasks, deferring non-urgent actions, utilizing caching, preventing the n+1 query problem, and planning for horizontal scalability. Additionally, it suggests upgrading to PHP 7 for improved performance.
6tips web-perf
- 1. 1 6 tips to build6 tips to build Fast WebFast Web ApplicationsApplications - Luciano Mammino (@loige) PHP Dublin 22/03/2016
- 2. 2 About me Integrations Engineer at Smartbox Php developer since *.php3 I Tweet as @loige I Blog on loige.co
- 3. 3 PreamblePreamble Only 6 tips (not exhaustive) Focused on backend Many generic advices (not just Php) ... Tools and examples (mostly) for Php :)
- 4. 4 Tip 1.Tip 1. Avoid prematureAvoid premature optimisation!optimisation!
- 5. 5 "Premature"Premature optimisation is theoptimisation is the root of all evil"root of all evil" β Donald Knuth (not an excuse to write π© code!)
- 6. 6 Do you really have a problem? How big the problem is? Measure before questioning Set (realistic) goals Improve only where needed! The right mindsetThe right mindset
- 8. 8 BenchmarkingBenchmarking Command line: (ab) Graphical: (for APIs) Apache Bench Siege Apache JMeter Soap UI
- 9. 9
- 10. 10 ProfilingProfiling Active or Passive? (Active) Gives a lot of data Slows down the execution Good in development Easy to integrate with IDEs Also a debugger Xdebug (Passive) Minimal impact Less data Good in production Dedicated Web GUI ( ) Supported by Facebook... xhprof xhgui
- 11. 11 LibrariesLibraries Symfony componentstopwatch <?php use SymfonyComponentStopwatchStopwatch; $stopwatch = new Stopwatch(); // Start event named 'eventName' $stopwatch->start('eventName'); // ... some code goes here $event = $stopwatch->stop('eventName'); echo $event->getDuration(); // xxx milliseconds
- 12. 12 Cloud toolsCloud tools &Blackο¬re.io Tideways
- 13. 13 Tip 2.Tip 2. Do just what you need toDo just what you need to
- 14. 14
- 15. 15 A.k.a.A.k.a. "Don't do things that you"Don't do things that you don't need to"don't need to" E.g. Load classes that you are not using Open a connection to a database for every request Parse a huge XML conο¬g ο¬le for every request
- 16. 16 AutoloadingAutoloading Syntetic Namespaces, Classmaps, PSR-0, PSR-4 You get it for free with !Composer <?php require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php'; // generated by Composer use MarioCharactersMario; use MarioPowerupsMushroom; // Mario & Mushroom classes not loaded yet... $mario = new Mario(); // Mario class is loaded! $mushroom = new Mushroom(); // Mushroom class is loaded! $mario->eat($mushroom); // Tasty!
- 17. 17 Other patternsOther patterns (& Dependency Injection Container) Simpliο¬es the loading of classes and the resolution of dependencies && Access resources only when you are about to use them Dependency InjectionDependency Injection Lazy loadingLazy loading ProxyProxy
- 18. 18 Tip 3.Tip 3. If you really need to do it,If you really need to do it, do itdo it tomorrowtomorrow!!
- 19. 19
- 20. 20 Defer tasks when possibleDefer tasks when possible E.g. Send an email to a user to conο¬rm an order Resize an image after the upload Aggregate metrics (Serve the response as soon as it's ready!)
- 21. 21 Queues to the rescueQueues to the rescue A PHP library (Redis as data store). Laravel/Lumen built-in solution (multiple data storages). Generic job server that supports many languages. Work queue originally written to speed up Facebook Resque Laravel Queues Gearman Beanstalkd
- 22. 22 Tip 4.Tip 4.
- 23. 23 Use cache to avoid repetitiveUse cache to avoid repetitive computations and roundtripscomputations and roundtrips Diο¬erent Caching layers: Byte code Cache (APC, OpCache) Application Cache (Redis, Memcache, ) HTTP Cache (E-tag, Cache-control headers) Proxy Cache (Varnish, Squid, Nginx) Gibson
- 24. 24 "There are only two hard"There are only two hard things in Computerthings in Computer Science: cacheScience: cache invalidation and naminginvalidation and naming things"things" β Phil Karltonβ Phil Karlton
- 25. 25 Tip 5.Tip 5. Beware of the N+1 queryBeware of the N+1 query problem!problem!
- 26. 26 <?php function getUsers() { //... retrieve the users from the database (1 query) return $users; } function loadLastLoginsForUsers($users) { foreach ($users as $user) { $lastLogins = ... // load the last logins // for the user (1 query, executed n times) $user->setLastLogins($lastLogins); } return $users; } $users = getUsers(); loadLastLoginsForUsers($users);
- 27. 27 SELECT id FROM Users; -- ids: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6... SELECT * FROM Logins WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT * FROM Logins WHERE user_id = 2; SELECT * FROM Logins WHERE user_id = 3; SELECT * FROM Logins WHERE user_id = 4; SELECT * FROM Logins WHERE user_id = 5; SELECT * FROM Logins WHERE user_id = 6; -- ... N+1 Queries! ππ
- 28. 28 Better solutionBetter solution or use JOINS...or use JOINS... SELECT id FROM Users; -- ids: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6... SELECT * FROM Logins WHERE user_id IN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...); Don't trust the ORM Check the queries generated by your code!
- 29. 29 Tip 6.Tip 6. Plan for horizontalPlan for horizontal scalabilityscalability
- 30. 30 Build your app to beBuild your app to be replicated across manyreplicated across many serversservers Sessions: Don't use the default ο¬le based engine Be as much stateless as possible User ο¬les: CDN, Cloud Storage (S3, Cloudο¬les), Sync (NFS, Gluster) Consider Microservices...
- 31. 31 BONUS Tip.BONUS Tip. Update to PHP7Update to PHP7 (Rasmus approves) php.net/migration70
- 32. 32 Let's RecapLet's Recap 1. Avoid premature optimisation! 2. Do just what you need to 3. If you really need to do it, do it tomorrow! 4. Cache me if you can 5. Beware of the N+1 query problem! 6. Plan for horizontal scalability 7. Bonus: Update to Php 7 8. :Super Secret Bonus bit.ly/php-perf
- 33. 33 Thank you!Thank you! Let's keep in touch: -http://loige.co @loige