7K Principles of Child Development.ppt
- 2. Child development and child growth are not the same. They are often used together because they both explain the changes and the processes that children go through from birth throughout the years of childhood and adolescence.
- 3. Growth is described by changes in size. Development can be described by changes in complexity( from simple to complex functions – moving, thinking, feeling
- 4. Child development has a physical, social, emotional and cognitive dimension: A Physical Dimension – the ability to move and coordinate An intellectual/cognitive dimension – the ability to think and learn A social dimension –the ability to relate to others An emotional dimension- the ability to develop positive concept for self and others A moral dimension – the ability to distinguish and choose between right and wrong These dimensions are interrelated : a change in one both influences and is influenced by change in the others.
- 5. Children’s need differ across the early childhood years. There are distinct characteristics, challenges, milestones and issues that emerge at every stage of development.
- 6. Every child is unique. Development is multi- determined and varies as a function of the child’s nutritional and biochemical status, genetic inheritance and social and cultural context.
- 7. Child development follows a certain pattern. But the development of each child is still unique and there are individual differences in child development.
- 8. Every child has basic needs that have to be met: food, health care protection from harm or injury, affection, interaction, stimulation and learning through exploration and discovery.
- 9. Why are the early years important ? The early years – from birth through age six - are critical because they are the formative years when growth and development are the most rapid * brain growth – unmatched by any other developments that occur during the life span; age 6 -70% of the adult brain weight
- 10. * increase in brain size and weight means that the process of making connections between brain cells and the growth of brain cells has occurred * connections between brain cells are crucial thinking skills e.g. memory, problem-solving and reasoning
- 11. Brain development relies on: * adequate nutrition combined with developmental stimulation Developmental Stimulation * interaction with other children and adults * play and opportunities for active exploration of the environment of people, things and places
- 12. By age 3 children, a child’s character and personality are beginning to form. Note: Many of the social and moral values that will guide children through the rest of their lives have been transmitted – often by example and the actions of their caregivers with their early life experiences in relation to family members and neighbors and the influence of media
- 14. Kalinga Madaling magalit, matakot at maiyak ang mga bata. Kailangan sagana sa pasensiya, pag-unawa at simpatiya sa damdamin ng bata ang magulang at iba pang miyembro ng pamilya.
- 15. The quality of care that the child receives from conception, birth and throughout childhood will determine whether a child will develop the best possible way.
- 16. Child care refers to the set of behaviors and actions that support a child’s development. Feeding; making sure a child has a home or sufficient shelter, supervising the child at play or during his or her waking hours preventing illness and taking care of a child when he or she is sick, Providing opportunities for social interaction with other children and adults, providing a safe and stimulating environment that a child can explore
- 17. Early interactions, how we relate and respond, directly affect the way the brain is ‘wired’. Consistency of stimulation determines formation of synapses Brain cell connections are established through early experiences with the world and the formation of attachments
- 18. Kasama Para siguradong ligtas at nagagabayan ang bata, mahalaga ang pamilya. Ang mga magulang, kapatid at kamag-anak ay ang mga unang guro at taga-pag-alaga ng bata. Mula sa pakikipagugnay sa pamilya at kapwa bata, umuunlad ang bata.
- 19. Kalusugan Mas Maganda ang pag- unlad ng mga batang malusog at masaya. Gawing ligtas at malinis ang katawan at kapaligiran upang maging malusog ang bata. Bigyan ng tama at wastong pagkain at hikayatin silang kumain ng mabuti.
- 20. Child development begins at conception. Good maternal health and nutrition is the first basic need for health development .
- 21. Kalaro at panahon maglaro Mahalaga ang paglalaro sa pag-unlad ng isang bata. Ang paglalaro ay isang magandang paraan upang maging bihasa ang bata sa pananalita, pag-iisip at pagsasa- ayos ng kanyang kaisipan. Natututo siya tungkol sa mundong kanyang ginagalawan.
- 22. Kausap Ang pag-unlad ng kanyang pananalita ay susi sa mga susunod pang yugto ng pag-unlad. Makakabuti sa bata ang palaging kinakasuap at paghikayat ng makipaglaro sa kapawa bata.
- 23. Kakayahan ay kaalaman Ang limang pandama ng sanggol - paningin, pandinig, pang-amoy, pang-tikim at pandama - ay pawang gumagana sa pagkapanganak pa lamang. Samakatuwid, nagsisimula nang matuto ang isang sanggol sa unang sandali ng kanyang pagkapanganak. Habang lumalaki ang bata, kailangan nila ng mas maraming karanasan at paghamon.
- 24. Kakayahan ay kaalaman at. Mahilig g Mahilig gumaya ang mga bata sa mga kilos ng nakakatanda Napapalakas ita sa mga karanasan ng isang bata sa pamamagitan ng malimit na pakikihalubilo at paglalaro. Habang lumalaki ang mga bata sa pamamagitan ng malimit na pakikihalubilo at paglalaro. Habang lumalaki ang bata, kailangan nila ng mas maraming karanasan at paghamon.
- 25. KEY FINDINGS ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Children are biologically prepared to learn. density of synapses remains high throughout the first 10 years
- 26. Brain development is non-linear; it is more like a spiral with waves and windows of opportunity. There are certain critical periods that are conducive to developing specific skills.
- 27. WINDOWS of OPPORTUNITY Window for Optimal window Next best opportunity Further rewiring possible EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE 0-24 mos 2-5 years any age MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 0-24 mos 2-5 years Decreases with age VISION 0-2 years 2-5 years EARLY SOUNDS 4-8 mos. 8 mos-5 years any age MUSIC 0-36 mos 3-10 years any age THINKING SKILLS 0-48 mos 4-10 years any age SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 5-10 years any age
- 28. EMOTION ATTENTION MEMORY learning is a how a brain acquires a memory, a memory is how and where the brain stores information the emotional system drives the attentional system learning is enhanced by challenge and inhibited by threat challenge of educators: provide challenging and relevant activities that will help information reach long-term memory
- 29. Enhancing Brain Development Emotions when information is connected with an emotion, it receives a high priority for processing when emotions are present, hormones of the brain act like memory fixatives
- 30. Practice 10% chance of remembering something done once in 30 days, 90% chance of remembering something done 6 times in 30 days
- 31. Problem-solving problem-solving causes synapses to form, chemicals to activate, blood flow to increase
- 32. SENSE AND MEANING for information to be stored in long term memory, information must make sense (learner can fit the information into existing understanding) and it must have meaning (information is relevant to learner)
- 33. Kapaligirang mapagpayaman sa karanasan Hindi kailangan ng mga laruang nabibili sa tindahan upang matuto ang mga bata sa pamamagitan ng laro. Ang mahalaga ay magkaroon sila ng mga kagamitan at mapaglalaruang makapagpayaman sa kanilang karansan at imahinsyon at tinutulungan silang maging mapag-likha.
- 34. PLASTICITY ability to change in response to stimulus neurons grow in complexity and strength as a result of experience the brain needs time to process new material challenge of educators: providing an enriched environment (more activities to do and more time to learn)
- 35. Hand-Brain Connection using fingers stimulates the brain tactile stimulation positively affects learning manipulating fingers keeps a person mentally alert
- 36. Choices providing choices makes children feel more positive about their work and positive feelings trigger release of endorphins which enhance functioning of brain connections
- 37. NOVELTY brain pays closer attention to things that are new and different new things cause the body to release adrenaline which acts as a memory fixative