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Open Access in Africa – Some Issues and Questions



              Open Access Africa, 2012
              04 - 05 November 2012
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
                          

                         
          Omonhinmin A. Conrad Ph.D
       Co-ordinating, Open Access Nigeria
              Department of Biological Sciences,
               College of Science & Technology,
              Covenant University, Ota, NIGERIA.
        conrad.omonhinmin@covenantuniversity.edu.ng
Open Access - A Recast


 …to eliminate access barriers to 
 scientific literature, accelerate 
 research, enrich education, share 
 knowledge between the rich and the 
 poor and make useful knowledge 
 available for common intellectual good1
Outlook

Issues and questions raised here not 
exhaustive, but practical and fundamental

To instigate answers to our basic questions

To help drive open access in the right path 
in Africa

Personal and general questions for all 
OAA12 - Open access in Africa: Some issues and questions.
So before we forget




… We may leap frog to the 
open, but the bushes 
(behind) are not cleared
Poor funding                       Them




 African researchers face several fund-
           centred challenges
        We
Are there funds for OA in the Africa context?

Should funding OA project/programme be 
the target or general research funding?

How do we achieve improved funding?

How do we ensure the end-users actually 
engage these funds?

How do we use the existing funds better?
Inaccessibility and poor dissemination of Information
   What truly is access?
   How Open is this access to us in Africa?
   Are the means there to achieve accessibility?
   Does availability implies accessibility? 
   How do we improve accessibility by Africans?

   How many are aware of OA
   What are in place to ensure good level of 
   awareness?
   .....
Inaction on relevant information
  ...lack of motivation to act on relevant 
  information either for personal or general 
  interest of all

  ...grown with years of inability to participate 
  on most platforms 

  ...unsettling attitude of waiting on others for 
  handouts 

  ...lack of understanding of OA 
How do we motivate the African researcher 
positively? 

What mean should we adopt?
Poor Understanding of Open Access Issues
  Probably most revealing is the fact that the 
  African researcher may not really understand 
  the open access issue; what it entails and 
  where it will eventually lead

  ....does open access publishing translate into 
  free publishing, free access to published 
  materials? 

  ...Is it both or either? 
….most governments again in Africa do not 
seem to have grasped the open access 
concepts. 

…Local, regional, and trans-regional politicians 
and policy makers are yet to embrace open 
access

…In Nigeria for example, the National 
Universities Commission (NUC), have an open 
access policy tutored for the universities, yet 
only four schools in Nigeria are visible in the 
global open access platform.
How do we get our Governments and 
institutions to embrace OA in a productive 
way?

How do we foster cross-border 
relationship at various levels to promote 
OA in Africa?
Poor Commitment by Publishers and Institutions


  How committed are the players in open 
  access arena? 

  Do institutions see OA as a platform for 
  improving the research base and information 
  access of their researchers or another route 
  to high scores? 
Do OA publishers mean and do what they 
say? 

What does open access really mean to the 
publishers? 

What are the big and rich journals’ doing to 
ensure OA success or failure?
African Journals, African Researcher

 How will OA affect African Journals?

 If the visibility of the poorer journals in Africa 
 already starved of fund decreases, will it not 
 mean a closure for such journals? 

 Will it not escalate an already worrisome 
 dependency on non-African journals by 
 African?
What does this mean for the African 
researcher? 

Will it translate to improve publications, and 
access?  

Will open access ever truly translate to free 
or reduced publishing/subscription cost, 
which is the Africa researcher’s main concern.

if an author cannot pay the APCs demanded 
by OA journals, how contributory productive 
can he be?
 
Directory of Open Access Journals
  Does the number of journals on the Directory 
  of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) actually 
  reflect the level of FREE and OPEN access?

    Has the open access movement truly 
  improve the publishing condition and access 
  of the African researcher? 

  How practicable is the 'author pays' model of 
  open access and how realistic is the standard 
  author fees demanded by most open access 
  journals. 
International – Local Journal Complex, Impact
Factor, Webometric Rating

  ...the divide between what we refer to 
  international and local Journals or rich and 
  poor journals bring another issue on the 
  board and a great challenge to actualizing the 
  open access ideals. 
Will OA not widen the international-local 
journal divide?

Will this not further impoverish the local 
journals by starving them of quality 
submissions?

With OA becoming a major index in impact 
factor and webometric ranking, how will 
African journals and institutions catch up?
Concluding thoughts

  What concrete actions are there by African 
  governments to handle the open access 
  issues? If our coming to South Africa is 
  anything to go by, we a lot need to be done

  How does BMC circumvent the unrealistic 
  World Bank ranking  with regards to her  
  “Foundational membership” offer to 
  institutions in Africa? 
What is the African OA agenda?

How do we go from this conference with 
concrete ways of improving open access 
interactions?
How committed is everyone present here to 
the OA goals? 
Thank you

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