90110 pp tx_ch08
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This document discusses health issues for three age groups: adolescents and young adults (ages 15-24), adults (ages 25-64), and the elderly (ages 65 and over). For adolescents and young adults, risky health behaviors like unintentional injuries, violence, substance abuse and unsafe sex are major causes of mortality and morbidity. Community health strategies aim to address social and cultural influences on behaviors in this age group. Adults experience most chronic diseases associated with unhealthy lifestyles earlier in life. Community efforts focus on prevention, screening and management of conditions like cancer, heart disease and obesity.
90110 pp tx_ch08
- 1. Adolescents, Young Adults, and Adults Chapter 8
- 2. Introduction Adolescents and young adults (15-24) Adolescence generally regarded as puberty to maturity Adults (25-64) 15-64 some of the most productive, or most productive, years of people’s lives Most enjoy the best health of their lives Shape health through lifestyle and health behavior for later years
- 3. Adolescents and Young Adults Represent the future of the nation Adolescence is difficult stage; period of transition from childhood to adulthood Comfort and security to complex and challenging situations Young adults complete physical growth; experience significant life changes Leave home, join military, begin careers, etc. Many health beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are adopted and consolidated
- 4. Demography Numbers Peaked in 1979 at 21% of population; now ~14% Living arrangements 1/3 live in single parent families Employment status Participation in labor force has remained fairly constant in recent decades Disparities by race
- 7. Mortality Significant decline in death rates over past several decades; mostly due to advances in medicine and injury and disease prevention Male mortality rate higher than female Most threats stem from behavior rather than disease Unintentional injuries (46.5%), homicide (16%), suicide (12%)
- 8. Death Rates by Leading Causes, Ages 15-24
- 9. Mortality 1/4 of all deaths in age group from motor vehicle injuries; alcohol contributing factor Homicide and suicide rates up 200-300% over last 50 years Significant racial disparities among race and leading causes of death
- 10. Morbidity Communicable diseases Measles immunizations important Sexually transmitted diseases This age group acquires nearly half of all new STDs in the U.S. Some effects can last a lifetime
- 13. Health Behaviors and Lifestyle Choices of High School Students Unintentional injuries Violence Tobacco use Alcohol and other drugs Sexual behaviors – unintended pregnancies and STDs Physical activity Overweight and weight control
- 15. Health Behaviors and Lifestyle Choices of College Students Unintentional injuries Violence Tobacco use Alcohol and other drugs Sexual behaviors – unintended pregnancies and STDs
- 16. Figure 06A: Cigarette: trends in 30-day prevalence among college students versus others one to four years beyond high school
- 17. Figure 06B: Cigarette: trends in 30-day prevalence among male versus female college students
- 19. Figure 07A: Alcohol: trends in 30-day prevalence among college students versus others one to four years beyond high school.
- 20. Figure 07B: Alcohol: trends in two-week prevalence of five or more drinks in a row among male and female college students.
- 21. Community Health Strategies Main factors affecting community health with age group are social and cultural factors and community organizing Alcohol use a main problem
- 22. Adults Ages 25-64 Represent more than half of U.S. population
- 23. Health Profile Mortality mainly from chronic diseases Many associated with unhealthy behaviors and poor lifestyle choices Lifestyle improvements and public health advances have led to decline in death rate for adults
- 26. Cancer #1 cause of death for adult age group in recent decades Males – prostate, lung, and colorectal Females – breast, lung, and colorectal
- 27. Cardiovascular Disease Age-adjusted mortality rates dropped over past 60 years Mainly due to public health efforts related to smoking cessation, increased physical activity, and nutrition
- 28. Health Behaviors and Lifestyle Choices Risk factors for chronic disease Most significant for adults – smoking, lack of exercise, BMI, alcohol Risk factors for personal injury Motor vehicle safety – seatbelts and alcohol use Awareness and screening of certain conditions Hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol
- 29. Obesity Trends - Adults
- 31. Community Health Strategies Emphasis on individual responsibility for health Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention efforts for adults Primary – exercise and nutrition programs Secondary – self and clinical screenings to identify and control disease processes Tertiary – medication compliance
- 32. Discussion Questions Why are lifestyle and health behaviors significant for the adult age group compared to other age groups? How can community health efforts affect leading causes of death for the adolescent and young adult age group?
Editor's Notes
- #17: Figure 06A: Cigarette: trends in 30-day prevalence among college students versus others one to four years beyond high school
- #18: Figure 06B: Cigarette: trends in 30-day prevalence among male versus female college students
- #20: Figure 07A: Alcohol: trends in 30-day prevalence among college students versus others one to four years beyond high school.
- #21: Figure 07B: Alcohol: trends in two-week prevalence of five or more drinks in a row among male and female college students.
- #31: Figure 10: Age-adjusted percentage of U.S. adults who had diagnosed diabetes, 1999 and 2008.