A brief introduction to NEUROPLASTICITY
- 1. A Brief Introduction To Neuroplasticity Prepared By- Maheshwor Yadav Bachelor of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nobel College , Pokhara University
- 2. Table of content • Introduction • Background and Literature Review • Methodology • Result and Discussion • Conclusion • References
- 3. Introduction • Neuroplasticity - The brain’s capacity to form new neural connections throughout life • the inherent capacity of brain to form new interneuronal connection • includes a wide range of structural and physiological mechanisms including synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, neuronal sprouting
- 4. • Neuroplasticity enables the nervous system to adapt to changing environmental conditions by the processes of learning and memory, as well as a self-repair capacity • It can occur on multiple levels, in accordance to nature and extent of neuroplasticity • They are short term and long term neuroplasticity
- 5. • Short term includes neuroplasticity that occur within seconds to hours • It can be observed by inducing voltage changes in cortical regions of the brain via single-pulsed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) • Long term includes neuroplasticity in brain who have become proficient at certain tasks
- 6. • The basic synaptic pattern between various centers in the nervous system develops during the development of an individual based on a genetic program • However, the neural circuits and pathways remain plastic and are modified throughout the lifetime of an individual
- 7. Background and literature review • In early days researchers believed that brain has no ability to change. • But after studies they found that they were wrong. • According to Pareja-Galeano and his team, the maintainance of synaptic structure, axonal elongation and neurogenesis can occur by exercise
- 8. • According to Aage R. Moller, long time after traumatic surgery or accident, continuous pain is also the effect of neuroplasticity. • It is because after accident a person may have injury and pain for two or three weeks. During that time a neuronal pathway for pain develops in the brain so, although injury is completely healed he fells a sensation of pain
- 9. • The knowledge of neuroplasticity helps to overcome motor deficits and paralysis caused by stroke or any accidents • A blind person may be able to sense things around him after enhancement in neuroplasticity
- 10. Methodology • This seminar report is prepared on the basis of secondary resources information. • There was no direct observation or any direct questionnaire with peoples. • The above information are based on journals published by several authors and researchers.
- 11. Result and discussion • From above study it has been found that neuroplasticity is a natural and inherent capability of brain to develop neuronal connections according to our behaviour, thoughts and adaptation. • We can use its concept to apply on patients with blindness, neuromotor disability for curing.
- 12. • It has been found that long term pain after traumatic surgery, is also the effect of neuroplasticity • A blind person may be able to sense things around him with the help of instruments after enhancement in neuroplasticity • It is also found that neuroplasticity occurs in people of any age
- 13. References 1. Bogdan K, Wrońska D, Zięba D. Introduction to Neural Plasticity Mechanism. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science. 2017; 7: 41-49 2. Petzinger GM, Fisher BE, McEwen S, Beeler JA, Walsh JP, Jakowec MW. Exercise- enhanced neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitry in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2013; 12: 716–26 3. Galeano HP, Brioche T, Gomar FS, Montal A, Jovaní C, Costa CM, et al. Impact of exercise training on neuroplasticity-related growth factors in adolescents. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2013; 13(3):368-371 4. Cheung KL , Tunik E , Adamovich SV , Boyd LA. Neuroplasticity and Virtual Reality. Virtual Reality for Physical and Motor Rehabilitation. 2014; IX: 232 5. Chang Y. Reorganization and plastic changes of the human brain associated with skill learning and expertise. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2014 Jan; 8(1662- 5161): 35 6. Rroji O. Improving Neuroplasticity And Motor Learning By Brain Stimulation Techniques. Doctoral School Biomedical Sciences. 2016 Feb 7. Murdoch K, Buckley JD, McDonnell MN. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Neuroplasticity within the Motor Cortex following Stroke. PLoS ONE. 2016 Mar; 11(3): 8. Møller AR. Symptoms And Signs Caused By Neural Plasticity. Neurological Research. 2001 Sept; 23: 565-572
- 14. The End
- 15. Any Questions???