A broad Classification on types of Fruits
0 likes288 views
The document discusses the classification of various types of fruits based on their botanical characteristics, including drupes, berries, pomes, hesperidia, and pepos, detailing their unique traits and examples. It highlights the nutritional benefits of fruits depending on their pigmentation and seasonality, as well as the specific properties of drupe varieties, such as freestone and clingstone. Additionally, it briefly touches on tropical fruits and provides references for further reading.
A broad Classification on types of Fruits
- 1. FRUITS
- 2. Color Mainly due to phytochemicals Phyto means “plant”. These plant pigments have antioxidant properties. More richly hued the more antioxidants it contains. Texture Texture is derived from turgor pressure and composition of individual plant cell walls and the middle lamella “glue” that holds individual cell together. Season Produce grown in their ideal season will have more nutrients, they are at the peak of freshness.
- 3. Drupes A type of fleshy and juicy fruit containing a large seed. Berries Small Juicy fruits with a seed. Pomes These are Hard Flesh fruits with small seed in them. Hesperidia (Citrus Fruits) These have thick tangy rind and sectioned pulp inside. Pepo These have multiple seeds throughout the flesh or grouped together at the centre. TYPES
- 4. EXAMPLES Drupes • Peach • Cherry • Apricot • Blackberries • Raspberries • Plums • Mangoes • Dates • Papaya Berries • Strawberry • Raspberry • Gooseberries • Cranberries Pomes • Apple • Pear • Whitebeam • Rowan Hesperidia • Orange • Lemon • Lime • Grapefruit • Yuzu • Kumquats • Pomelo • Bergamot Pepos • Cucumbers • Pumpkin • Squash • Eggplant • Muskmelon • Watermelon • Cantaloupe melon • Honeydew
- 5. DRUPE (STONE FRUITS) Freestone : Refers to a drupe having a stone which can be removed from the flesh with ease. The flesh is not attached to the stone and does not need to be cut to free the stone. varieties of fruits are preferred for uses that require careful removal of the stone, especially if removal will be done by hand. Clingstone : Refers to a drupe having a stone which cannot easily be removed from the flesh. The flesh is attached strongly to the stone and must be cut to free the stone. Clingstone varieties of fruits in the genus Prunus are preferred as table fruit and for jams, because the of clingstone fruits tends to be more tender and juicy throughout. Tryma : Nut-like drupes that are difficult to categorize. Hickory nuts (Carya) and walnuts (Juglans) in the Juglandaceae family grow within an outer husk.
- 6. BERRY SMALL PULPY FRUITS WITH SEEDS In botanical terminology, a berry is a simple fruit with seeds and pulp. It is fleshy throughout, except for the seeds. It does not have a special "line of weakness" along which it splits to release the seeds when ripe. The differences between the everyday and botanical uses of "berry" results in three categories: Those fruits that are berries under both definitions Those parts of plants commonly known as berries that are not botanical berries, and may not even be fruits. Those fruits that are botanical berries but not commonly known as berries
- 7. POMES HARD FLESH FRUITS WITH SEEDS The fruits that are classified as pomes have a relatively hard flesh that surrounds a core containing seeds. The fruits in the pomes category are extremely popular. For example, apples and pears are in the pome fruit list. The French word for apple, pome, actually comes from the Latin pomum that originally meant fruit. The characteristic feature of the pome variety of fruits is their central core. The endocarp, which is the innermost layer which surrounds a seed, can have a leathery or stony texture. Some pomes may have a mealy texture (e.g., some apples) Others (e.g., Amelanchier, Aronia) are berry-like with juicy flesh and a core that is not very noticeable.
- 8. HESPERIDIA (CITRUS FRUIT) TANGY FRUITS WITH SECTIONED PULP These are modified berry with a tough, leathery rind. Come in various colors from green to yellow to orange. In the botanical term, citrus fruits are a variety of berry (modified berry). The peel contains volatile oil glands in pits. The fleshy interior is composed of separate sections, called carpels, filled with fluid-filled vesicles that are specialized hair cells. The outermost, pigmented layer of rind contains essential oils and is known as the flavedo. When scraped off and used as a culinary ingredient it is called zest. A confection called succade can also be produced by candying the inner rind (known as pith or albedo) of the citron or lemon. All kinds of citrus fruits have many benefits due to their high levels of vitamin C. Citrus fruits are used to make food, beverages, and cosmetics, as well as essential oils and spices. Varieties of citrus fruits help treat inflammatory conditions, protect cardiovascular health, kill off free radical scavengers, and have anticancer properties.
- 9. PEPO Pepo fruit types are generally relatively large fleshy fruits that have multiple seeds throughout the flesh or grouped together in the center. For example, watermelon is a type of fruit that is classified as pepo fruit. The difference between pepo fruits (berries) and hesperidium fruits (citrus fruits) is the fact that the flesh isn’t segmented. The difference between pepo fruits (berries) and hesperidium fruits (citrus fruits) is the fact that the flesh isn’t segmented. The sweetest varieties of pepos that we associate with fruits are melons and watermelons. Melons come in all shapes and sizes ranging from large to smaller with various skin color such as cantaloupes with their wiry greenish skin. MULITIPLE SEED GROUPED AT CENTER OF HARD FLESH
- 10. TROPICAL FRUITS Tropical fruit category contains exotic fruits such as dragon fruit, rambutan, lychees, and passion fruit. Varieties of plants that produce tropical fruits grow around the equator and include countries in the Caribbean, the north part of South America, Central Africa, Asia, and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Examples of tropical fruits include papaya and mangoes which are drupes, pineapples which are actually a collection of berries that have fused together, and guabana (soursop) which technically is a kind of berry. Tropical fruits are not botanically classified as a type of fruits
- 11. REFERENCES https://leafyplace.com/types-of-fruits/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(botany)#Modified_berries https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperidium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pome
- 12. THANK YOU HOPE IT HELPED