![THT = 6-9m THT = 9-12m THT = 12-16m THT > 16m THT > 30m
Removal of ‘wolf’
and damaged
trees
Selection of 200
frame tree
candidates/ ha
Selection of 80-
120 final frame
trees
Constant control
of the
performance of
the frame trees
Target diameter
harvesting
No tree number
reduction
Removal of frame
tree competitors
(dominant trees)
1st
and 2nd
thinning as heavy
selective crown
thinning
Improvement of
frame tree
crowns
Removal of
competing beech
trees
Steering of
natural
regeneration
through group
shelterwood cuts
~ Jänich, 2003
Management Guideline for Mixed
Stands of Sycamore, Ash and Beech
10
20
30
50 100
9 m
25 75
Age [yrs]
Top height [m]
6/24/2011 9Forest Stand Development](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/6bad418d-9536-450e-80dd-d4c300c24219-160512012431/85/A-comparative-analysis-of-stand-development-and-9-320.jpg)
A comparative analysis of stand development and
- 1. A comparative analysis of stand development and crop tending operations in Temperate and Tropical forests Presenter: Rajesh S Kumar Supervising Faculty: Prof. Dr. Höfle
- 2. A comparison of stand development operations between Temperate and Tropics Commerci al Thinning Pruning Pre commercial Thinning Regener ation Stand Commercial Thinning & Climber cutting Pruning Pre Com Thinning Cleaning Weeding Regen eratio n Stand 6/24/2011 2Forest Stand Development
- 3. stand Regeneration Aspects Germany India Area by silvicultural systems or the legal compulsions by silvicultural systems or the legal compulsions Planting material Wild lings/ poly pot seedlings poly pot and wild lings/ stumps / root trained seedlings season Spring and early winter SW and NE Monsoons , Size and age of stock 15-150 cm/ 2-.5-4.5 yrs 50-100cm / 1-2 yrs The continuity of production is not possible without periodic replacement of stands and the quality of stand regeneration determines the future crop 6/24/2011 3Forest Stand Development
- 4. stand Regeneration Aspects Germany India Method( Mechanical) Often Rare Method( Manual) uses Hoe , spade uses Spade, pix axes , crowbars Pit size As per species Standard sizes Quality Assurance and Quality and Control standards in place and strictly enforced not strictly enforced 6/24/2011 4Forest Stand Development
- 5. stand Regeneration Buchenbuuhl Hohlspaten Auger Carry bag Pit plantingIndian Spade Container seedlings Planting Method Indian pickaxe Plant trolley Tools and methods 6/24/2011 5Forest Stand Development Germany
- 6. Crop tending Operations Aspects Germany India Natural Regeneration Areas By canopy control By Canopy control supplemented with shrub cuttings Artificial Regeneration Areas subject to cost specifications Weeding schedule for the first three years Methods of weeding mostly mechanical manual Application of bio control agents Weeding 6/24/2011 6Forest Stand Development
- 7. Crop tending Operations Aspects India Objective Reduce competition for light and regulation of crop composition Age of the stand before pole stage and the same age class Types of Regeneration Applied Natural and Artificial Regeneration types Species Dipterocarpus, Vateria, Hopea , Deodar, Sal, etc Cleaning 6/24/2011 7Forest Stand Development
- 8. Crop tending Operations Aspects Remark stand Pure even aged crop or relatively even aged crop or even aged groups of crops Objectives Merchantable volume, wood quality, higher net out turn form the stand Philosophy Improvement of stand composition, regeneration and protection and intermediate returns Types Pre commercial and Commercial Thinning Crop Thinning A powerful management tool to improve growth and form of trees in a stand 6/24/2011 8Forest Stand Development
- 9. THT = 6-9m THT = 9-12m THT = 12-16m THT > 16m THT > 30m Removal of ‘wolf’ and damaged trees Selection of 200 frame tree candidates/ ha Selection of 80- 120 final frame trees Constant control of the performance of the frame trees Target diameter harvesting No tree number reduction Removal of frame tree competitors (dominant trees) 1st and 2nd thinning as heavy selective crown thinning Improvement of frame tree crowns Removal of competing beech trees Steering of natural regeneration through group shelterwood cuts ~ Jänich, 2003 Management Guideline for Mixed Stands of Sycamore, Ash and Beech 10 20 30 50 100 9 m 25 75 Age [yrs] Top height [m] 6/24/2011 9Forest Stand Development
- 10. Crop tending Operations Aspects Pre commercial Thinning Commercial Thinning Objective Intermediate volume production Production of merchantable volume Skill level Less skill requirement High skill requirement Models Row thinning/spacing thinning Ordinary thinning, crown thinning Common tools used Sickles, Bow saw, Brush cutters, Light power saw, Power saw Crop Thinning 6/24/2011 10Forest Stand Development
- 11. Crop tending Operations Aspects pruning Climber cutting Skill level High skill requirement Average Species Regular for high value species and exceptional for others High value species Types Natural and Artificial Pruning Artificial Tools knifes, or pruning saws on telescopic poles Knives Improvement of tree shape and timber quality 6/24/2011 11Forest Stand Development Fig. A telescopic pruner
- 12. An analysis of the stand development operations in Germany and India Operation Germany India Regeneration multispecies stand Assisted Natural Regeneration/supplemente d Regeneration Weeding Support the best tree species and form Reduce high competition form less commercially important species Pruning Natural/ Artificial Natural/ Artificial Thinning in favor of high commercial species 1. Favor interested species 2. generate biomass / low diameter stems to meet requirements of the local people 6/24/2011 12Forest Stand Development
- 13. Quality Assurance and Quality Control, efficiency and welfare aspects Aspects Germany India Training and Certification Pre professional training , refresher trainings Pre professional training , On the Job Trg, refresher trainings Safety Regulations documented, enforced tends to display causal approach Emergency and Rescue Arrangement s comprehended and planned not meticulously implemented 6/24/2011 13Forest Stand Development
- 14. Quality Assurance and Quality Control, efficiency and welfare aspects Aspects Germany India Ergonomics Comprehended , applied and monitored not adequately applied Labor Laws and Insurance Well defined and implemented fraught with non efficient implementation issues Camp facilities excellent Inadequate and bare minimum 6/24/2011 14Forest Stand Development
- 15. Summary • A comparison of the prevailing practices of forestry between Germany and India highlights the requirements of more investment in infrastructure, research, technology and capacity building in India to scale up the operations to meet the criteria of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) 6/24/2011 15Forest Stand Development
- 16. • Dwivedi, A.P. 1992. Principles and Practices of Indian Silviculture. Surya Publications, Dhera Dun, pp.469 • Evans, J. 1992. Plantation Forestry in the Tropics. Oxford University Press, Oxford pp.403 • Höfle, H.2011. Lecutre Notes on Forest District of Reinhusen. Georg August University, Germany,pp.43 • Smith, D.M. 1962. The Practice of Silviculture. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York,pp.578 • http://www.google.co.uk/imgres accessed on 23/06/11 References 6/24/2011 16Forest Stand Development
- 17. Development of Forest Stand under CNFM in Germany THANKS ! (picture: Estoque, 2010)6/24/2011 17Forest Stand Development