A comprehensive survey on security issues in cloud computing and data privacy law in india

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
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Volume: 02 Issue: 01 | Jan-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 11
A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY ON SECURITY ISSUES IN CLOUD
COMPUTING AND DATA PRIVACY LAW IN INDIA
Anupama Mishra1
, DhawalVyas 2
Government Engineering College, Bharatpur
Abstract
Cloud computing is a new computing paradigm that brought a lot of advantages especially in ubiquitous services where everybody can access computer
services through internet With cloud computing, there is no need of physical hardware or servers that will support the company’s computer system,
internet services and networks. Cloud computing technology is a new concept of providing dramatically scalable and virtualized resources,
bandwidth, software and hardware on demand to consumers. Consumers can typically requests cloud services via a web browser or
web service. Using cloud computing, consumers can safe cost of hardware deployment, software licenses and system maintenance. On
the other hand, it also has a few security issues. This paper introduces cloud security problems. The data in cloud need to secure from all
typesofsecurityattacks.Another core services provided by cloud computing is data storages.
Keywords— Cloud Computing, Security and Countermeasures, Consumers, XML Signature Element Wrapping, Browser
Security, Cyber Laws, policy, Data Privacy.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is receiving a great deal of attention, both in
publications and among users, from individuals at home. Yet it
is not always clearly defined. Cloud computing is a
subscription-based service where you can obtain networked
storage space and computer resources. One way to think of
cloud computing is to consider your experience with email.
Your email client, if it is Yahoo!, Gmail, Hotmail, and so on,
takes care of housing all of the hardware and software
necessary to support your personal email account. When you
want to access your email you open your web browser, go to
the email client, and log in. The most important part of the
equation is having internet access. Your email is not housed
on your physical computer.Cloud computing builds on
established trends for driving the cost out of the delivery of
services while increasing the speed and agility with which
services are deployed. It shortens the time from sketching out
application architecture to actual deployment. Cloud
computing incorporates virtualization, on-demand deployment,
Internet deliveryof services, and open source software. The
benefits of cloud computing are many. One is reduced cost,
since you pay as you go. Other benefits are the portability of
the application is that users can work from home, work, or at
client locations. This increased mobility means employees can
access information anywhere they are. There is also the ability
of cloud computing to free-up IT workers who may have been
occupied performing updates, installing patches, or providing
application support. Along with the good services of Cloud
Computing has o offer, there are security problems which
make users anxious about the safety, reliability and efficiency
of migrating to cloud computing. Big companies have second
thought whether to move into the cloud because they might
compromise the operation and the important information of
the company. After analysing and calculating the possible
risk.Migrating into the “Cloud” will make computer
processing much more convenient to the users. One of the
considerations when moving to cloud is the security problems.
2. BACKGROUND
2.1 CLOUD COMPUTING MODELS
FIGURE-1
a. SaaS:Tousethe provider‟s applications runningon a cloud
infrastructure and accessiblefrom various client devices
through a thin client interface such as a Web browser.
b. PaaS:To deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-
created applications using programming languagesandtools
supported by the provider(java, python, .Net)

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c. IaaS: To provision processing, storage, networks, and
other fundamental computing resources where the
consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software,
which can include operating systems and applications.
2.2 LAYERS OF CLOUD COMPUTING MODEL
There are five layers in cloud computing model, the
Client Layer, Application Layer, Platform layer,
Infrastructure layer and server layer. In order to address
the security problems, every level should have security
implementation.
Client Layer: In the cloud computing model, the cloud
client consist of the computer hardware and the computer
software that is totally based on the applications of the
cloud services and basically designed in such way that it
provides application delivery to the multiple servers at
the same time, as some computers making use of the
various devices which includes computers, phones,
operating systems, browsers and other devices.
Application layer: The Cloud application services
deliver software as a service over the internet for
eliminating the need to install and run the application on
the customer own computers using the simplified
maintenance and support for the people which will use
the cloud interchangeably for the network based access
and management of the network software by controlling
the activities which is managed in the central locationsby
enabling customers to access the applications remotely
with respect to Web and application software are also
delivered to many model instances that includes the
various standards that is price, partnership and
management characteristics which provides the updates for
the centralize features.
Platform layer: In the cloud computing, the cloud
platform services provides the common computing
platform and the stack solution which is often referred as
the cloud infrastructure and maintaining the cloud
applications that deploys the applications without any cost
and complexity of the buying and managing the hardware
and software layers.
Infrastructure layer: The Cloud Infrastructure services
delivers the platform virtualization which shows onlythe
desired features and hides the other ones using the
environment in which servers, software or network
equipment are fully outsourced as the utility computing
which will based on the proper utilization of the
resources by using the principle of reusability that
includes the virtual private server offerings for the tier 3
data centerand many tie 4 attributes which is finally
assembled up to form the hundreds of the virtual
machines.
Server layer: The server layer also consist of the
computation hardware and software support for the cloud
service which is based on the multi-core processors and
cloud specific operating systemsand coined offerings.
3. NETWORK ISSUES IN CLOUD COMPUTING:
Therearedifferentnetworkissuesoccurincloudcomputingsome
ofwhicharediscussedbelow:
3-1DenialofService:
When hackers over flows a network server or web server
with frequent request of services to damage the network, the
denial of service cannot keep up with them, server could not
legitimate client regular requests. For example a hacker
hijacks the web server that could stop the functionality of the
web server from providing the services In cloud computing,
hacker attack on the server by sending thousands of requests
to the server that server is unable to respond to the regular
clients in this way server will not work properly. Counter
measure for this attack is to reduce the privileges of the user
that connected to a server. This will help to reduce the DOS
attack. (ScarfoneK,2007)
3-2 Man in the Middle Attack:
This is another issue of network security tha will happen if
secure socket layer (SSL) is not properly configured. For
example if two parties are communicating with each other
and SSL is not properly installed then all the data
communication between two parties could be hack by the
middle party. Counter measure for this attack is SSL should
properly install and it should check before communication
with other authorized parties.
3-3 Network Sniffing:
Another type of attack is network sniffer, it is a more critical
issue of network security in which unencrypted data are
hacked through network for example an attacker can hack
passwords that are not properly encrypted during
communication. If the communication parties not used
encryption techniques for data security then attacker can
capture the data during transmission as a third party. Counter
measure for this attack is parties should used encryption
methods for securing there data.
3-4 Port Scanning:
There may be some issues regarding port scanning that could
be used by an attacker as Port80 (HTTP) is always open that
is used for providing web services to the user. Other ports
such as 21 (FTP) etc are not opened all the time it will open
when needed therefore ports should be secured by encrypted
until and unless the server software is configured properly.
Counter measure for this attack is that fire wall is used to
secure the data from port attacks.(Services,2009).

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3-5 SQL Injection Attack:
SQL injection attacks are the attacks where a hackers uses the
special characters to return the data for example in SQL scripting
the query end up with where clause that may be modified by
adding more information in it. For example an argument value of
variable y or 1 == 1 may cause there turn of full table because 1
== 1 is always seems to be true.
3-6 Cross Site Scripting:
It is a type of attack in which user enters right URL of a web site
and hacker on the others it redirect the user to its own web site
and hack its credentials. For example user entered the URL in
address bar and attacker redirects the user to hacker site and then
he will obtain the sensitive data of the user. Cross site scripting
attacks can provide the way to buffer overflows, DOS attacks and
inserting spiteful software into the web browsers for violation of
user‟s credentials. (Yang,2003)
4. SECURITY ISSUES IN CLOUD COMPUTING:
Security issues of cloud computing are discussed below:
4-1 XML Signature Element Wrapping:
XML signature Element Wrapping is the fine renowned
attack for web service. It is use to defend a component
name, attribute and value from illegal party but unable to
protect the position in the documents. (Jamil&Zaki, 2011b)
Attacker targets the component by operating the SOAP
messages and putting anything that attacker like. Counter
measure for this attack is using the digital certificate e.g.
X.509 authorized by third party such as certificate
authorities and also uses the mixture of WS-security with
XML signature to a particular component. The following
graph presents a view of the rate of cyber attacks in last 10
years.
4-2 Browser Security:
The second issue is Browser Security. As a client sent the
request to the server by web browser the web browser have
to make use of SSL to encrypt the credentials to
authenticate the user. If hacker installs sniffing packages
on intermediary host, the attacker may get the credentials of
the user and use in these credentials in the cloud system as
a valid user. (Jensen, 2009) Counter measure for this
attack is Vendor should use WS-security concept on web
browsers .
FIGURE-2
4-3 Cloud Malware Injection Attack:
The third issue is Cloud Malware Injection Attack, which
tries to damage a spiteful service, application or virtual
machine. An interloper is obligatory to generate his personal
spiteful application, service or virtual machine request and
put it into the cloud structure (Booth, 2004). Once the
spiteful software is entered into the cloud structure, the
attacker care for the spiteful software as legitimate
request. If successful user ask for the spiteful service then
malicious is implemented. Attacker upload virus program in
to the cloud structure. Counter measure for this attack
isauthenticity check for received messages. Store the original
image file of the request by using hash function and compare
it with the hash value of all upcoming service requests.
4-5 Data Protection:
Data protection in cloud computing is very important factor it
could be complicated for the cloud customer toefficiently
check the behavior of the cloud supplier and as a result he is
confident that data is handled in a legal way, but it does not
like that this problem is intensify in case of various
transformation of data. Counter measure this attack is that a
consumer of cloud computing should check data handle
either it is handled lawfully or not.
FIGURE-4

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5. SECURITY ISSUE CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS:
We will focus on specific problems for various kind of
attacks in the cloud: a) Wrapping attack, b) Malware-
Injection attack, c) Flooding attack, d) Data stealing that can
result from a Browser attack and e) Accountability checking.
Wrapping Attack Problem:When a user makes a requestfrom
his VM through the browser, the request is first directed
to the web server. In this server, a SOAP message is
generated. This message contains the structural information
that will be exchanged between the browser and server
during the message passing. Before message passing occurs,
the XML document needs to be signed and canonicalization
has to be done. Finally, the SOAP header should contain
all the necessary information for thedestination after
computation is done.For a wrapping attack, the adversary
does its deception during the translation of the SOAP
message in the TLS (Transport Layer Service) layer. The
body of the message is duplicated and sent to the server as
a legitimate user. Theserver checks the authentication by
the Signature Valuewhich is also duplicated) and integrity
checking for themessage is done. As a result, the adversary
is able to intrudein the cloud and can run malicious code to
interrupt the usualfunctioning of the cloud servers.
Wrapping Attack Solution:
Since an adversary can intrude in the TLS layer; we propose
to increase the security during the message passing from the
web server to a web browser by using the SOAP message.
Specifically, as thesignature value is appended, we can add
a redundant bit (STAMP bit) with the SOAP header. This bit
will be toggled when the message is interfered with by a third
party during the transfer. When it is received in the
destination, theSTAMP bit is checked first and if it is found
toggled, then anew signature value is generated in the browser
end and thenew value sent back to the server as recorded to
modify theauthenticity checking.
Malware-Injection Attack Problem:In a malware-injection
attack, an adversary attempts to inject malicious service or
code, which appears as one of the valid instance services
running in the cloud. If the attacker is successful, then the
cloud service will suffer from eavesdropping. This can be
accomplished via subtle data modifications to changethe
functionality, or causing deadlocks, which forces a
legitimate user to wait until the completion of a job which
was not generated by the user.This type of attack is also
known as ameta-data spoofing attack.When an instance of a
legitimate user is ready to run in the cloud server, then the
respective service accepts the instance for computation in
the cloud.
Malware-Injection Attack Solution: Usually when a
customer opens an account in the cloud, the provider creates
an image of the customer‟s VM in the image repository
system of the cloud. The applications that the customer
willrun are considered with high efficiency and integrity.
Wepropose to consider the integrity in the hardware level,
because it is very difficult for an attacker to intrude in
theIaaS level. We utilize the File Allocation Table (FAT)
system architecture, since its straightforward technique is
supported by virtually all existing operating systems From
the FAT table we can know about the code or application
that a customer is going to run.
Flooding Attacks: The fourth issue is Flooding Attack.
Attacker attacks the cloud system openly. The most significant
feature of cloud system is to make available of vigorously
scalable recourses. Cloud system repeatedly increase its size
when there is further requests from clients, cloud system
initialize new service request in order to maintain client
requirements. Flooding attack is basically distributing a great
amount of non-sense requests to a certain service. Once the
attacker throw a great amount of requests, by providing more
recourses cloud system will attempt to work against the
requests, ultimately system consume all recourses and not
capable to supply service to normal requests from user. Then
attacker attacks the service server.
Flooding Attacks solutions: Counter measure for this attack is
it‟s not easy to stop Dos Attacks. To stop from attacking the
server, Intrusion detection system will filter the malicious
requests, installing firewall.
Data Stealing Problem: This is the most traditional and
common approach to breach a user account. The user
account and password are stolen by any means. As a result,
the subsequent stealing of confidential data or even
thedestroying of data can hamper the storage integrity and
security of the cloud.
Data Stealing Solution: At the end of every session, the
customer will send an e-Mail about the usage and duration
with a special number to be used for log in next time. In this
way, the customer will be aware of the usage and charges as
well as be availed with a unique number to be used every
time to access the system.
Accountability Check Problem: The payment method in
acloud System is “No use No bill”. When a customer
launches an instance, the duration of the instance,
theamount of data transfer in the network and the number
of CPU cycles per user are all recorded. Based on this
recorded information, the customer is charged. So, when
an attacker has engaged the cloud with a malicious service
or runs malicious code, which consumes a lot of
computationalpower and storage from the cloud server, then
the legitimate account holder is charged for this kind of
computation. As a result, a dispute arises and business
reputations are hampered.
As there are some security issues in cloud so we need some
strong laws against these issues keeping that in mind expearts

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decided to form some laws against these issues .Then on the
Information Technology (Reasonable security practices and
procedures and sensitive personal data or information) Rules,
2011, which came into effecton11 April, 2011.
FIGURE-5
6. LAWS OF PRIVACY IN INDIA:
The Data Privacy Law in India is contained primarily in:
1. Section43A of the Information Technology Act
2InformationTechnology(Reason a security practices and
procedures and sensitive personal data or information)
Rules,2011.
3. Section 72 A of the Information Technology Act This paper
focuses on the Information Technology(Reasonable security
practices and procedures and sensitive personal data or
information) Rules, 2011, which came into effect on 11 April,
2011.These are referred to as Data$Privacy$ Rules in this paper.
The Data Privacy Rules relate to information of two primary
types:
1."Personalinformation"which means any information that
relates to a natural person, which, either directly or indirectly, in
combination with other information available or likely to be
available with a body corporate, is capable of identifying such
person.
2. "Sensitive personal data or information" of a person Sensitive
personal data or information does not include any information
that is freely available or accessible in public domain or
furnished under the Right to Information Act, 2005 or any
other law. Data Privacy Rules includes :
1. Insurance companies
2. Banks
3. Hospitals
4. All business organizations
5. Doctors,
6. Stockbrokers
7. chartered accountants
8. Retails stores, restaurants, ecommerce
Companies.
7. Call centers, BPOs, LPOs etc.
All these entities are required by law to provide a data privacy
policy on their website. This policy should providedetails
relating to:
1. Clear and easily accessible statements of its
practices and policies,
2. Type of information collected,
3. Purpose of collection and usage of such information,
4. Disclosure of information
5. Reasonable security practices and procedures
All these entities must obtain consent from the provider of the
information regarding purpose of usage before collection of
such information.
Privacy policy for handling of or dealing in personal
information including sensitive personal data or
information of customers and employees as mandated by
Rule 4 of Information Technology (Reasonable security
practices and procedures and sensitive personal data or
information) Rules, 2011.NonDcompliance with any of the
provisions of the data $privacy $rules is penalized with a
compensation /penalty of upto Rs. 25,000 under section 45
of the Information Technology Act. Additionally, in some
cases there may be liability under section 43A of the
Information Technology Act. Under the original
Information Technology Act, 2000, compensation claims
were restricted to Rs. 1crore. Now claims up to Rs 5crore are
under the jurisdiction of Adjudicating Officers. Claims above
Rs5crore are under the jurisdiction of the relevant courts.
Additionally, in some cases there may be liability under
section 72A of the Information Technology Act. This
section provides for imprisonment upto 3 years and / or
fine uptoRs 5 lakh.
7. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AUDIT
&COMPLIANCE SENSITIVE PERSONAL DATA
ORINFORMATION RULES
MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS ANDINFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
(Department of Information Technology)
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 11th April, 2011
G.S.R. 313(E).—In exercise of the powers conferred by clause
(ob) of sub-section (2) of section 87 read with section
43A of the Information Technology Act,2000 (21 of 2000),
the Central Government hereby makes the following rules,
namely.—

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1. Short title and commencement
(1) These rules may be called the Information Technology
(Reasonable security practices and procedures and sensitive
personal data or information) Rules, 2011.
(2) They shall come into force on the date of their publication
in the Official Gazette.
2. Definitions —
(1) In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires,
(a)"Act" means the Information Technology Act, 2000
(21 of 2000);
(b)"Biometrics" means the technologies that measure
and analyse human body characteristics, such as
'fingerprints', 'eye retinas and irises', 'voice patterns',
"facial patterns”, „hand measurements' and 'DNA' for
authentication purposes;
(c)"Body corporate" means the body corporate as
defined in clause (i) of explanation to section 43A of
the Act;
(d) "Cyber incidents" means any real or suspected
adverse event in relation to cyber security that violates
an explicitly or implicitly applicable security policy
resulting
In unauthorised access, denial of service or disruption,
unauthorised use of a computer resource for
processing or storage of information or changes to data,
information without authorisation;
(e)"Data" means data as defined in clause (o) of sub-
section (1) of section 2 of the Act;
(f)"Information" means information as defined in clause
(v) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Act;
(g)"Intermediary" means an intermediary as defined in
clause (w) of sub-section
(1) of section 2 of the Act;
(h) "Password" means a secret word or phrase or code or
passphrase or secret key or encryption or decryption
keys that one uses to gain admittance or access to
information;
(i)"Personal information" means any information that
relates to a natural person,which, either directly or
indirectly, in combination with other information
available or likely to be available with a body corporate,
is capable of identifying such person.
(2) All other words and expressions used and not defined in
these rules but defined in theAct shall have the meanings
respectively assigned to them in the Act.
3.Sensitive personal data or information.
Sensitive personal data or information of a person means such
personal information which consists of information relating
to;—
(i) password;
(ii) financial information such as Bank account or credit
card or debit card or other payment instrument details ;
(iii) physical, physiological and mental health condition;
(iv) sexual orientation;
(v) medical records and history;
(vii) any detail relating to the above clauses as provided
to body corporate for providing service; and
(viii) any of the information received under above clauses
by body corporate for processing, stored or processed
under lawful contract or otherwise:
provided that, any information that is freely available or
accessible in public domain for furnished under the Right
to Information Act, 2005 or any other law for the time
being in force shall not be regarded as sensitive personal
data or information for the purposes of these rules.
4. Body corporate to provide policy for privacy and disclosure
of information.— (1)
The body corporate or any person who on behalf of body
corporate collects, receives, possess, stores, deals or handle
information of provider of information, shall provide a
privacy policy for handling of or dealing in personal
information including sensitive personal data or information
and ensure that the same are available for view by such
providers of information who has provided such
information under lawful contract.
(i) Clear and easily accessible statements of its practices
and policies;
(ii) type of personal or sensitive personal data or
information collected under rule 3;
(iii) purpose of collection and usage of such information;
(iv) disclosure of information including sensitive personal
data or information as provided in rule 6;
(v) reasonable security practices and procedures as
provided under rule 8.
5. Collectionofinformation.
(1)Body corporate or any person on its behalf shallobtain
consent in writing through letter or Fax or email from the
provider of the sensitive personal data or information
regarding purpose of usage before collection of such
information.
(2) Body corporate or any person on its behalf shall not
collect sensitive personal data or information unless
(a) the information is collected for a lawful purpose
connected with a function or activity of the body
corporate or any person on its behalf; and

__________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) The collection of the sensitive personal data or
information is considered necessary for that purpose.
(3) While collecting information directly from the person
concerned, the body corporate or any person on its
behalf snail take such steps as are, in the
circumstances, reasonable to ensure that the person
concerned is having the knowledge of
(a) the fact that the information is being collected;
(b) the purpose for which the information is being
collected; (c) the intended recipients of the information;
and
(d) the name and address of
(i) the agency that is collecting the information;
and
(ii) the agency that will retain the information.
(4) Body corporate or any person on its behalf holding
sensitive personal data or information shall not retain that
information for longer than is required for the purposes
for which the information may lawfully be used or is
otherwise required under any other law for the time being in
force.
(5) The information collected shall be used for the
purpose for which it has been collected.
(6) Body corporate or any person on its behalf permit the
providers of information, as and when requested by them,
to review the information they had provided and ensure
that any personal information or sensitive personal data
or information found to be inaccurate or deficient shall be
corrected or amended as feasible:Provided that a body
corporate shall not be responsible for the authenticity of
the personal information or sensitive personal data or
information supplied bythe provider of information to such
boy corporate or any other person acting on behalf of such
body corporate.
6. Disclosure of information.
(1) Disclosure of sensitive personal data or information by
body corporate to any third party shall require prior
permission from the provider of such information, who has
provided such information under lawful contract or otherwise,
unless such disclosure has been agreed to in the contract
between the body corporate and provider of information, or
where the disclosure is necessary for compliance of a
legal obligation.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contain in sub-rule (1), any
sensitive personal data on Information shall be disclosed to
any third party by an order under the law for the time being in
force.
(3)The body corporate or any person on its behalf shall
not publish the sensitive personal data or information.
(4) The third party receiving the sensitive personal data or
information from body corporate or any person on its behalf
under sub-rule (1) shall not disclose it further.
7. Transfer of information.
A body corporate or any person on its behalf may
transfersensitive personal data or information including
any information, to any other body corporate or a person in
India, or located in any other country, that ensures the same
levelof data protection that is adhered to by the body
corporate as provided for under these Rules.
8. Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures.
(1) A body corporate or a person on its behalf shall be
considered to have complied with reasonable security
practices and procedures, if they have implemented such
security practices and standards and have a comprehensive
documented information security programme and
information security policies that contain managerial,
technical, operational and physical security control
measures that are commensurate with the information
assets being protected with the nature of business.
(2) The international Standard IS/ISO/IEC 27001 on
"Information
(3) Any industry association or an entity formed by such an
association, whose members are self-regulating by following
other than IS/ISO/IEC codes of best practices for data
protection as per sub-rule(1), shall get its codes of best
practices duly approved and notified by the Central
Government for effective implementation.
(4) The body corporate or a person on its behalf who have
implemented either IS/ISO/IEC 27001 standard or the codes
of best practices for data protection as approved and notified
under sub-rule
(5) shall be deemed toG have complied with reasonable
security practices and procedures provided that such
standard or the codes of best practices have been
certified , duly approved by the CentralGovernment.
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
Cloud computing is a new term that is introduced in business
environment where users can interact directly with the
virtualized resources and safe the cost for the consumers.
Some security issues and their counter measures are
discussed in this paper. It has several models to protect its
data for the business users. An organization used private
clouds within its organization to prevent from loss of data.
Cloud computing have several deployment models that help
in retrieving the information. SAAS, PAAS, IAAS are the
three models for cloud computing. Security in cloud
computing consist of security abilities of web browsers and
web service structure. Some laws of data pravicy are also
discussed in this papare. Under these laws there are also the
provision for compensation andimprisonment.These rules
and laws has been proved successful in resolving the
security issues of cloud computing.

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REFERENCES
[1] “Attack on Cloud Computing” By NaradWaheed.
[2]“Complying with the Data Privacy Law in India” By
RohasNagpl Asian School of Cyber
Laws.Publishedin2012byAsianSchoolofCyberLaws.!
[3] “Security Attacks and Solutions in Clouds”
KaziZunnurhain and Susan V. VrbskyDepartment of
Computer Science ,The University of Alabama ,Tuscaloosa,
AL 35487-0290, e-mail- kzunnurhain@crimson.ua.edu,
vrbsky@cs.ua.edu
[4]“Securevirtualizationforcloudcomputing”FlavioLombardia
,RobertoDiPietrob,c,..aConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche,DCSP
I-SistemiInformativi,PiazzaleAldoMoro7,00187Roma,Italy
bUniversitadiRomaTre,DipartimentodiMatematica,L.goS.Leo
nardoMurialdo,100149Roma,Italy
cUNESCOChairinDataPrivacy,UniversitatRoviraiVirgili,Tarra
gona,Spain
[5] Danish Jamil et al. / International Journal of Engineering
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DANISH JAMIL Department of Computer Engineering, Sir
Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Main
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ZAKI Department of Computer Engineering, Sir Syed
University of Engineering & Technology, Main
UniversityRoad, Karachi, Sindh-75300, Pakistan
[6]“The Basics of Cloud Computing”AlexaHuth and James
Cebulahttp://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-145/Draft-
SP-800-145_cloud-definition.pdf

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