A Generative Method for Infrastructure Emergence
- 1. A Generative Method for Infrastructure Emergence! Marcos! Gaudiano! Kawandeep! Virdee! Marco! Lagi! NECSI Winter School Project, 2009!
- 2. Overview! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Complex Systems! 4. !Summary! Assumption: !city growth shows a fractal behavior! Question:! !what set of rules would produce such an effect?! 1. !Introduction to Design and Complexity! 2. !Rules for Emergence of Infrastructure! 3. !Varying the Parameters! 4. !Summary! 1/13
- 3. Design and Complexity! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Inspiration! 4. !Summary! Emergence as a Design Method! Collective! Intelligence! Architecture! Inspiration! Self-Organizing Human-Environment Systems as Designers! Interaction! 2/13
- 4. Design and Complexity! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Goal! 4. !Summary! If we study the patterns of interaction, ! we can design a better world! 3/13
- 5. Design and Complexity! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Compex dynamics of design! 4. !Summary! 4/13
- 6. Design and Complexity! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Compex dynamics of design! 4. !Summary! 4/13
- 7. Rules for Emergent Infrastructure! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Cells! 4. !Summary! 6(.%!2*,(5-!! '(#)*.!)/,(*0! '(#)*! "*,(5-!-(#)*.! )/,(*0!! +,,!#)*&!-(#)*.! )/,(*0!,/!%,,!123! 4,%!2*,(5-! -(#)*.!)/,(*0! -(#)*.!)/,(*0! "#$%&! 5/13
- 8. Rules for Emergent Infrastructure! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Cells! 4. !Summary! 6(.%!2*,(5-!! '(#)*.!)/,(*0! "*,(5-!-(#)*.! )/,(*0!8!123! '(#)*! /,)0.!)/,(*0! "*,(5-!-(#)*.! )/,(*0!,/!2*,(5-! -(#)*.!8!/,)0!! )/,(*0! +,,!#)*&!-(#)*.! )/,(*0!,/!%,,!123! 7,)0.!0,!*,%! 4,%!2*,(5-! -(#)*.!)/,(*0! 9-)*52!):2/!%-2&! -(#)*.!)/,(*0! )/2!;(<=%! "#$%&! 7,)0! 5/13
- 9. Rules for Emergent Infrastructure! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Humans! 4. !Summary! Modification of the Game of Life! Birth Rule! Death Rule! If there is a road, it counts as 2 humans (but Death Rule doesnʼt apply)! 6/13
- 10. Rules for Emergent Infrastructure! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Roads! 4. !Summary! If Humans {range} – A*Roads {range-not} > threshold! range! Build a Road!! range-not! 2 agents:! 3 parameters:! 1) Humans (mortal, mobile)! 1) range! 2) Roads (permanent, immobile)! 2) range-not! 3) threshold! 7/13
- 11. Varying the parameters! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Range and Range-not! 4. !Summary! range-not! range! 8/13
- 12. Varying the parameters! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! The City! 4. !Summary! 8, 7, 23! Self-similarity,! Recursion…! Itʼs a fractal!! fractal dimension D = 1.77 ! 9/13
- 13. Varying the parameters! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Calculating the fractal dimension! 4. !Summary! Box-counting method! 5 4 log (N) 3 2 -4.5 -4.0 -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 log (1/!) 10/13
- 14. Varying the parameters! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Different geometries! 4. !Summary! 2, 8, 6! 5, 4, 20! 8, 7, 23! D = 1.63 ! D = 1.60 ! D = 1.62 ! New York City (NY): !D = 1.70 (maximum)! Omaha (NE):! ! !D = 1.28 (minimum) ! 11/13
- 15. Varying the parameters! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Time dependence! 4. !Summary! 2, 8, 6! D = 0.97! D = 1.40! D = 1.63! time! Baltimore (MD): ! !D = 1.02 (1822); !D = 1.72 (1992) ! 12/13
- 16. Summary! 1. 2. !Design and Complexity! !Rules! 3. !Varying the parameters! Complex Systems! 4. !Summary! 1. ! Real cities grow like fractals! A simple set of rules built on the Game of Life can 2. ! reproduce such a behavior! The geometry of the city can be changed varying just 3. !! 3 parameters ! 4. !! Their fractal dimension grows over time, reaching an equilibrium value around D ~ 1.6 – 1.8! 13/13