A History of Design Education
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The document outlines a historical survey of art education, focusing on the development and contributions of key figures in design pedagogy from the 19th century to the early 21st century. It highlights influential educators, their philosophies, and methods, including notable publications and their impact on institutional art education. Central themes include the evolution of art teaching methods, the significance of creative expression, and the integration of multiculturalism and interdisciplinary approaches in art education.
A History of Design Education
- 1. ED602 Survey of Art Education A History of Design Literature Education Art and Design Education from the Present to 1850
- 2. ED602 Survey of Art Education A History of Design Literature Personalities Publications Pedagogy Education Art and Design Education from the Present to 1850
- 3. ED602 Survey of Art Education A History of Design Literature Personalities Publications Pedagogy Education Art and Design March Education from the Adnan Lotia ©2012 Present to 1850
- 4. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Meredith Davis Born in Pittsburgh, 1948, based in Raleigh, North Carolina Studied at Cranbrook Academy of Art (1970s) Taught at North Carolina State University CoD (1989) Reinforced design process at higher education level Design process can assist in problem solving, creativity Founder of Graphic Design Education Association and AIGA fellow Contributor to Arts Education Policy Review and the International Journal of Design Working on college-level textbooks for graphic design In Art Education... Principles Elements emphasis 1970s // Art and Social Order / 1990s // Visual Culture / form balance Interdiciplinary Art Education Neo-DBAE line harmony Multiculturalism / DBAE 2000s // Us! shape variety movement 1980s // Nonstudio Art color rhythm Instruction / Museum texture proportion space unity Education
- 5. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Your Community and Secure Ladder, posters by Meredith Davis
- 6. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Laura Chapman Based in Cincinatti, Ohio Taught at Indiana University, Ohio State University, University of Illinois, and University of Cincinnati Introduced design fundamentals at elementary school level Creative expression is subordinate to concepts Methods of learning design to describe and analyze art Behaviorist, scientific, and analytic approach Published Discover Art (1985), and Adventures in Art (1994) Davis Press, publishers of SchoolArts (1901) In Art Education... 1960s // Manuel Barkan / Principles Art as Subject Matter / Elements balance 1950s // Viktor Lowenfeld / Teacher as Guide / Visual line Creative Expression / Child- rhythm Literacy / Environment Design shape proportion centrric / Direct Creativity color 1970s // Art and Social Order / texture pattern Interdiciplinary Art Education space unity Multiculturalism / DBAE value variety
- 7. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Discover Art (1985) Adventures in Art (1994): Student’s and Teacher’s Editions
- 8. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 György Kepes Born in Selyp, Hungary, 1906 Studied painting in Budapest, 1926, then turned to film Publication, stage and exhibition designer in Berlin, 1930 Taught at The New Bauhaus, 1937, Brooklyn College, 1943 “Visual communication is universal and international” Developed an institutional approach to design education Created academic community of design educators Published Language of Vision (1944) on design education Influenced by Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, taught Saul Bass In Art Education... 1950s // Viktor Lowenfeld / Principles Creative Expression / Child- Elements 1930s // The Bauhaus / centric / Direct Creativity approximation Industrial Art & Craft / Higher unity Education / Modernism 1960s // Manuel Barkan / repetition Art as Subject Matter / balance continuance 1940s // Sigmund Freud / Teacher as Guide / Visual Art Therapy / Art Morality / Literacy / Environment Design rhythm closure Social Responsibility
- 9. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 György Kepes Born in Selyp, Hungary, 1906 Studied painting in Budapest, 1926, then turned to film Publication, stage and exhibition designer in Berlin, 1930 Taught at The New Bauhaus, 1937, Brooklyn College, 1943 “Visual communication is universal and international” Developed an institutional approach to design education Created academic community of design educators Published Language of Vision (1944) on design education Influenced by Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, taught Saul Bass In Art Education... 1950s // Viktor Lowenfeld / Principles Creative Expression / Child- Elements 1930s // The Bauhaus / centric / Direct Creativity approximation Industrial Art & Craft / Higher unity Education / Modernism 1960s // Manuel Barkan / repetition Art as Subject Matter / balance continuance 1940s // Sigmund Freud / Teacher as Guide / Visual Art Therapy / Art Morality / Literacy / Environment Design rhythm closure Social Responsibility
- 10. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Gyorgy Kepes, 1974 Saul Bass, film poster for Vertigo, 1958 Gestalt psychology optical images
- 11. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Victor d’Amico Born in New York, 1905 Established Young People’s Gallery at MoMA, 1937 Became Director of Education Department at MoMA, 1939 Founded Children’s Art Carnival, 1942–1969 Professional art is the model for children’s art education Studied at Cooper Union, Pratt and Teachers College in 1920s Developed a creativist approach to art education Published Creative Teaching in Art (1942) Alumni trustee at Pratt Institute, 1957–1962 In Art Education... 1940s // Sigmund Freud / Principles Art Therapy / Art Morality / Elements 1930s // The Bauhaus / Social Responsibility proportion Industrial Art & Craft / Higher line emphasis Education / Modernism 1950s // Viktor Lowenfeld / form subordination Creative Expression / Child- centric / Direct Creativity color harmony / unity texture variety
- 12. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Victor d’Amico Born in New York, 1905 Established Young People’s Gallery at MoMA, 1937 Became Director of Education Department at MoMA, 1939 Founded Children’s Art Carnival, 1942–1969 Professional art is the model for children’s art education Studied at Cooper Union, Pratt and Teachers College in 1920s Developed a creativist approach to art education Published Creative Teaching in Art (1942) Alumni trustee at Pratt Institute, 1957–1962 In Art Education... 1940s // Sigmund Freud / Principles Art Therapy / Art Morality / Elements 1930s // The Bauhaus / Social Responsibility proportion Industrial Art & Craft / Higher line emphasis Education / Modernism 1950s // Viktor Lowenfeld / form subordination Creative Expression / Child- centric / Direct Creativity color harmony / unity texture variety
- 13. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Victor d’Amico at Children’s Art Carnival in New Delhi, India, 1963 Motivational activities at the Children’s Art Carnival, 1956
- 14. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Franz Cižek Born in Bohemia (now Czech Republic), 1865 Inspired by the artwork of a carpenter’s children, 1885 Started the Juvenile Art Class in Vienna, 1897 Exhibitions of Children’s Art in London, 1934 and 1935 Self-directed, strongly differentiated art education Child-centric learning, child-friendly environment Discovered linocut to enable printmaking for children Influenced by Seccessionists Otto Wagner and Gustav Klimt Trained artist / educator Erika Giovanna Klien In Art Education... Principles Elements 1920s // John Dewey / USA Art in Daily Living / unity Progressive Education / Social Consciousness line subordination Differented Learning 1930s // The Bauhaus / opposition 1930s // Melvin Haggerty / Industrial Art & Craft / Higher mass balance rhythm Owatonna Art Project / Education / Modernism color symmetry
- 15. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Franz Cižek Born in Bohemia (now Czech Republic), 1865 Inspired by the artwork of a carpenter’s children, 1885 Started the Juvenile Art Class in Vienna, 1897 Exhibitions of Children’s Art in London, 1934 and 1935 Self-directed, strongly differentiated art education Child-centric learning, child-friendly environment Discovered linocut to enable printmaking for children Influenced by Seccessionists Otto Wagner and Gustav Klimt Trained artist / educator Erika Giovanna Klien In Art Education... Principles Elements 1920s // John Dewey / USA Art in Daily Living / unity Progressive Education / Social Consciousness line subordination Differented Learning 1930s // The Bauhaus / opposition 1930s // Melvin Haggerty / Industrial Art & Craft / Higher mass balance rhythm Owatonna Art Project / Education / Modernism color symmetry
- 16. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Artwork by students age 14 from Cizek's Juvenile Art Class
- 17. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Denman Ross Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1853 Studied political economy at Harvard University, 1880 Started teaching design and art theory at Harvard, 1889 Becomes trustee at Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, 1895 Traveled the world, studying the art of many cultures, 1910s Developed an academic approach to design education Published design manual, A Theory of Pure Design (1907) Knew John Singer Sargent and Joseph Lindon Smith Taught Jack Levine and Hyman Bloom In Art Education... 1880s // John Dewey / USA Values Progressive Education / Elements white 1870s // Walter Smith / Integrated Study high light English / Boston harmony light 1900s // Henry Turner Bailey low light Industrial Drawing / midvalue Systematic Instruction SchoolArts Magazine / balance high dark Pictorial Drawing / Ornament dark low dark Art Nouveau rhythm black
- 18. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Denman Ross Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1853 Studied political economy at Harvard University, 1880 Started teaching design and art theory at Harvard, 1889 Becomes trustee at Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, 1895 Traveled the world, studying the art of many cultures, 1910s Developed an academic approach to design education Published design manual, A Theory of Pure Design (1907) Knew John Singer Sargent and Joseph Lindon Smith Taught Jack Levine and Hyman Bloom In Art Education... 1880s // John Dewey / USA Values Progressive Education / Elements white 1870s // Walter Smith / Integrated Study high light English / Boston harmony light 1900s // Henry Turner Bailey low light Industrial Drawing / midvalue Systematic Instruction SchoolArts Magazine / balance high dark Pictorial Drawing / Ornament dark low dark Art Nouveau rhythm black
- 19. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Denman Ross, Allen Parker (1930) Hyman Bloom, Rabbi with Torah (1955) Jack Levine, The Last Waltz (1962)
- 20. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Arthur Wesley Dow Born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1857 Studied painting at the Academie Julian in Paris, 1884 Started a summer arts and crafts school in Ipswich, 1891 Taught at Pratt Institute (1895) and Teachers College (1904) Heavily influenced by Japanese art, particularly woodblock Traveled the world, studying the art of many cultures, 1906 Developed an institutional approach to art education Published Composition (1899), highly influencing the field Influenced by William Morris, taught Georgia O’Keeffe In Art Education... 1880s // John Dewey / USA Principles Progressive Education / Elements 1870s // Walter Smith / Integrated Study opposition English / Boston line transition Industrial Drawing / 1900s // Henry Turner Bailey subordination Systematic Instruction SchoolArts Magazine / notan repetition Pictorial Drawing / Ornament Art Nouveau color symmetry
- 21. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 Arthur Wesley Dow Born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1857 Studied painting at the Academie Julian in Paris, 1884 Started a summer arts and crafts school in Ipswich, 1891 Taught at Pratt Institute (1895) and Teachers College (1904) Heavily influenced by Japanese art, particularly woodblock Traveled the world, studying the art of many cultures, 1906 Developed an institutional approach to art education Published Composition (1899), highly influencing the field Influenced by William Morris, taught Georgia O’Keeffe In Art Education... 1880s // John Dewey / USA Principles Progressive Education / Elements 1870s // Walter Smith / Integrated Study opposition English / Boston line transition Industrial Drawing / 1900s // Henry Turner Bailey subordination Systematic Instruction SchoolArts Magazine / notan repetition Pictorial Drawing / Ornament Art Nouveau color symmetry
- 22. 1 8 5 0 1 8 6 0 1 8 7 0 1 8 8 0 1 8 9 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 The Long Road (1898) and August Moon (1905), woodcuts by Arthur Wesley Dow
- 23. Sources Hamblen, K. A. 1985. An Art Education Chronology: A Process of Selection and Interpretation, in Studies in Art Education 26(2), pp. 111–120. Kim, N. 2006. A History of Design Theory in Art Education, in Journal of Aesthetic Education 40(2), pp. 12–28. Thank You