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A learning upgrade

Gerry White, profile picture
Gerry White

The document discusses the impact of digital technologies on educational improvement and highlights key findings on internet access among students, gender differences in technology use, and the benefits of blended learning. It emphasizes the importance of teaching digital literacy, effective search strategies, and personalized learning approaches to enhance student engagement and performance. Research findings indicate that digital tools can facilitate better reading comprehension and that collaboration through digital media can enhance learning outcomes.

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A learning upgrade Dr Gerald White (Gerry) Principal Research Fellow & Digital Education Research Network http://dern2.acer.edu.au
• Overwhelming information • Using ICT • A myth • Educational improvement • Research findings • Teaching & educational improvement • What we can do
Information overload Infowhelm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ECAVxbfsfc
Mobile 96% 9-16 year olds access the internet often using mobile devices (60%) ACMA. (2011). Communications report 2010–11 series: Report 3—The emerging mobile telecommunications service market in Australia. ACMA: Canberra, Australia. Retrieved December 20, 2011, from http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDAR D/pc=PC_410225.
Mobile phone ownership Kerr, D. (2012). One-fifth of third-graders own cell phones. Retrieved April 11, 2012, from http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57411576-93/one-fifth-of-third-graders-own-cell-phones/.
Tablets Warschauerm, M. (2011). Eventually Tablets will Facilitate more Personalized and Interactive Learning. Retrieved April 28, 2011, from https://edutechdebate.org/tablet-computers-in-education/eventually-tablets- will-facilitate-more-personalized-and-interactive-learning/.
Ereaders & tablets Webb, J. (2012). Publishing News: Ereader ownership doubles again. In O’Reilly Radar blog 27 January, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2012, from http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/01/ereader- survey-amazon-houghton-mifflin-libraries.html.
Usage (5-14 years olds) 80% have access to the internet 91% accessed the internet from home Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children access the internet from school Boys use social networking less than girls Boys • interactive role playing games • accessing audio-visual content (news, sports, weather) Girls • access internet from home • educational activities Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2011). Children of the Digital Revolution. Australian Social Trends, June 2011. Retrieved from http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/LookupAttach/4102.0Publication29.06.11 7/$File/41020_Childrendigital_Jun2011.pdf.
Teens functions used Lenhart, A. et al. (2010). Teens and Mobile Phones. Pew Internet. Retrieved May 28, 2010, from http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Teen s-and-Mobile-Phones/Chapter-2/Part- 4.aspx?r=1
Teachers use Grunwald Associates. (2011). Deepening Connections: Teachers Increasingly Rely on Media and Technology. Retrieved July 13, 2011, from http://www.grunwald.com/pdfs/PBS- GRUNWALD_2011_ANNUAL_ED_TECH_STUDY.pdf.
What we buy most online Dunlevy, s. (2011). Internet is becoming a daily habit for more than half of us. The Australian. June 30, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2011, from http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/internet-is-becoming- a-daily-habit-for-more-than-half-of-us/story-fn59niix-1226084455871.
Internet traffic Barnett, T. (2011). The Dawn of the Zettabyte Era. In Cisco blog. Retrieved August 12, 2011, from http://blogs.cisco.com/news/the-dawn-of-the-zettabyte- era-infographic/.
Number of blogs NM Incite. (2012). Number of blogs tracked by NM Incite. Retrieved march 14, 2012, from http://www.nmincite.com/?page_id=210.
Educational improvement • BECTa impact studies 12% gain • European impact studies • US ED Tamin, R., Bernard, R., Borokhovski, E., Abrami, P. & Schmid, • OECD-PISA R. (2011). What Forty Years of Research Says About the Impact of Technology on Learning: A Second-Order Meta- • TIMSS Analysis and Validation Study. Review of Educational Research 81(4), 2011. • NSW Partners in Learning
Educational improvement Blended learning Face-to-face Online learning instruction Instruction combining online and face-to-face elements had a larger advantage relative to purely face-to-face instruction than did purely online instruction. Means, B. et al. (2010). Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies. US Dept of Education: Centre for Technology in Learning. Washington; USA
Teachers & quality teaching 50% Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses 30% relating to achievement. New York: Routledge. 15%
Measure ICT Attempting to isolate the productivity and performance of information communication technology investment may be becoming rather like trying to allocate credit for a good cake to the quality of a particular ingredient rather than a complex interaction of all the ingredients. US economist Dick Nelson Reported in BRW, 10-16 May, 2007
ICT Literacy Consistent with the pattern observed in 2008, females recorded higher levels of ICT literacy than males. Even though females expressed lower levels of interest and enjoyment than males in computing, they expressed similar levels of confidence in their ability to carry out ICT-based tasks without assistance and they achieved higher scores on ICT Literacy than males. Ainley, J. , & et al. (2012). National assessment program – ICT literacy years 6 & 10 report 2011. Sydney, NSW: Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority . Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu.au/_Documents/PDF/NAP%20ICTL%202011%20Public%20Report%2 0Final.pdf
Digital reading • Students score significantly higher in digital reading than print reading • Girls outperformed boys in both formats • Fewer girls performed poorly in digital reading than in print reading • The gap between girls and boys narrows in digital reading • Boys outperform girls in digital navigation • The increase in reading proficiency is greater for boys OECD. (2012). Are boys and girls ready for the digital age? OECD In Focus report 12. Paris: OECD.
Digital reading Students in Australia, Korea, New Zealand – higher in digital reading than print reading Girls out perform boys in both formats Gap between low & high performance less for digital reading • More girls at higher end of the scale • More boys at lower end of the scale Boys much better in digital reading than print reading • navigation–route knowledge (Martens, J. & Antonenko, A. (2012). Narrowing gender based performance gaps in virtual environment navigation. Computers in Human Behavior. Vol. 28. pp. 809-819.) PISA In Focus, (2012). Are boys and girls ready for the digital age?. OECD. Retrieved from http://www.oecd- ilibrary.org/docserver/download/fulltext/5k9gzj7398bw.pdf?expires=1336182313&id=id&accname=guest &checksum=3D41EEB01A8D8B98EDD4E7F7CEA00EA9
Reading comprehension Evidence is beginning to emerge that reading comprehension from reading on a digital tablet is better than reading from printed books and desktop computer screens
Students & ereaders Project Tomorrow CEO Julie Evans covered data from the 2010 and 2011 editions of the Speak Up Survey (http://www.tomorrow.org/speakup/) Students don't want CD or e-reader versions of these materials. They want Web- based tools that enhance communication and collaboration. • Specific elements of the "ultimate" e-textbook include: – Available online tutoring for specific concepts; – Chat rooms for social, peer-to-peer interaction; – Digital, online assessment tools; – The ability to download resources to mobile devices, including phones; and – Virtual labs and lessons that include video, access to real-time data, games, animations, and 3D renderings. Riedel, C. (2012). Digital Learning: What Kids Really Want. In The Journal. Retrieved February, 8, 2012, from http://thejournal.com/articles/2012/02/01/digital-learning-what-kids-really-want.aspx.
Searching Behavioural & metacognitive strategies Searching for: Daily life information – competent Learning information – not confident Boys Girls Daily life – Behavioural Daily life – behavioural (control) & (control & orientation) evaluating quality Learning – get lost more often Learning – influenced by context & persistent Tsai, M., & et al. (2012). University students’ online information searching strategies in different search contexts. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology , Vol. 28 Issue 5, 881-895. Retrieved from http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet28/tsai-mj.pdf.
Gamification Boys have better navigation and orientation skills with digital games (spatial abilities) Boys play computer games more than girls Girls are better at playing the digital games Girls are better at designing games (writing, collaborating, …) Robertson, J. (2012). Making games in the classroom: Benefits and gender concerns. Computers & Education Vol. 59. pp 385-398.
Social networking research Social networking used for learning or entertainment • Learning – research, projects, production • Entertainment – personal, social, games Cha, J. (2010). Factors affecting the frequency and amount of social networking site use: Motivations, perceptions, and privacy concerns. First Monday, 15(6), 12 - 6 December 2010. Retrieved 3 January, 2012, from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2889/2685.
Social networking research • Media use – video, online communication & media multitasking – were consistently associated with as range of negative socioemotional outcomes (social success, feeling normal, having friends whom parents perceive as a bad influence and sleeping) • Face-to-face communication consistently with a range of positive socioemotional outcomes • Face-to-face communication and online communication are not interchangeable • Media multitasking, online communication, messaging, talking on the phone and listening to music are interchangeable • Adults and children more willing to use technologies when with other people (but not reading) • Reading and media multitasking are exclusive • Face-to-face communication was negatively associated with face-to-face multitasking (do not want distraction) Pea, R., Clifford, N.,Meheula, M., Kumar, A., Bamford, H., Nass, M., Simha, A., Strillerman, B., Yang, S. & Zhou, M. (2012, January 23). Media use, face-to-face Communication, Media Multitasking, and Social Well-Being Among 8- to 12 Year-Old Girls. Developmental Psychology. doi: 10.1037/a0027030.
Distractability Information quality Gasser, U., & et al, (2012). Youth and digital media: from credibility to information quality. Social Science Research Network, Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2012-1. Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstract=2005272. Social networking Cha, J. (2010). Factors affecting the frequency and amount of social networking site use: motivations, perceptions, and privacy concerns. First Monday, Volume 15, Number 12. Retrieved from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2889/2685. iPads Jennings, G. , & et al, (2010). Step Forward iPad Pilot Project. Melbourne, Vic: The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B5lvGCuvwcgXZWZkYmEzNDMtNmQ1OS00NmRhLTlhYmItOTU5NmVhYWJlNDA1/e dit?hl=en&pli=1. Problem solving approach can remove distraction Gurell, S., Kuo, Y., & Walker, A. (2010). The pedagogical enhancement of open education: an examination of problem-based learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, Vol 11, No 3, 95-105. Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/886 .
Gender differences - internet applications Source: Nielsen Online (2008) The Australian Internet and Technology Report, February, 16+ years old, sample=1,356, Multiple responses. Note: Excludes ‘Anything else’ and ‘None of the above’. Chart displays activities with points of difference more than 5 per cent of use between male and female users. ACMA Media release 130/2008-22 October. On-line transactions, streamed content, email and social networking signal changes in how Australians use the internet. Retrieved October 23, 2008 from http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDARD/pc=PC_311468.
Social media & gender Garber, M. (2012). The Ditgital (Gender) Divide: Women Are More Likely Than Men to have a Blog (and a Facebook Profile). From the Atlantic. Retrieved May 1, 2012, from http://www.theatlantic.com/technol ogy/archive/2012/04/the-digital- gender-divide-women-are-more- likely-than-men-to-have-a-blog- and-a-facebook-profile/256466/.
Facebook research • FB users report lower achievement scores • FB users spend fewer hours studying than non-FB users • FB and non-FB users spend the same amount of time using the internet • FB users had poor time management eg procrastination Kirschner, P. & Karpinski, P. (2010). Facebook and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior. 26(6), pp. 1237- 1245.
Stop lights for some
Digital natives myth 21C 20C 19C 19C (Technological determinism-Prensky, Tapscott, Oblinger)
Home – school Findings Using a computer at home is The rhetoric that university related to digital reading students are Digital Natives and performance in all 17 university staff are Digital participating countries and Immigrants is not supported. economies, but that is not always true for computer use at Kennedy, G. (2009). Educating the Net Generation.: A Handbook of Findings for Practice and Policy. Melbourne: school. University of Melbourne. Retrieved July 2010, from http://www.netgen.unimelb.edu.au/downloads/handbook/Net GenHandbookAll.pdf. OECD. (2009). PISA 2009 Results: Students On Line. Digital Technologies and Performance Volume VI. Paris: OECD.
Safety Green, L. et al. (2011). Risks and safety for Australian children on the internet. Brisbane; The ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation. (96% home & school, 31% out, 46% bedroom [girls 56%, boys 38%], 70% friend’s house, 60% mobile, 76% daily) 9-16 year olds experienced • sexual images 44% • bullied 29% • sexual message 15% • meet new online 34% • met offline 5% BUT • not bothered 21%
Error message
Knowledge Taxonomy ISTE. (2010). Using McREL’s Knowledge taxonomy for Ed Tech Professional Development. In Leading & Learning. (p.20). Retrieved August 15, 2010, from http://www.learningandleading-digital.com/learning_leading/20100607#pg22.
Teacher imperatives TPACK Mishra, P. & Koehler, M. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework Technological http://www.tpck.org/ for teacher knowledge . Teachers College Record. 108(6), pp. 1017-54. Knowledge Pedagogical Content
Educational improvement Blended learning Face-to-face Online learning instruction Instruction combining online and face-to-face elements had a larger advantage relative to purely face-to-face instruction than did purely online instruction. Means, B. et al. (2010). Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies. US Dept of Education: Centre for Technology in Learning. Washington; USA
Project based learning Skillen, P. & Sherry, B. (2012). What’s the Best way to Practice Project Based Learning. In 21st Century Fluenct Project blog. Retrieved August 12, 2012, from http://www.fluency21.com/blogpost.cfm?blogID=2849.
Personalised learning (customised) Further details at: http://dern2.acer.edu.au Self-directed learning Further details at: http://dern2.acer.edu.au
Inquiry based learning • Can be personalised • Research focused • Inquiry based skills (searching; curating; assessing quality, currency & relevance) need to be taught • Life-long learning Further details at: http://dern2.acer.edu.au
Learning
Digital fluency learning program • Acceptable behaviour • Design skills • Collaboration, • Digital fluency communication, problem • Ethics solving and research skills • History of the internet • Digital Commons • Identity • Community involvement • Project management • Copyright • Safety • Critical thinking • Technology terms
What can we do? • The use of digital technologies & digital media need to be taught • Collaboration and social networking for learning can improve engagement and performance – Distractability for entertainment can reduce performance • Better reading performance for digital reading than print • Mobility in learning eliminates the boundaries • Blended learning with instruction is superior • Gamification, project & inquiry based learning suited to ICT • Personalise learning
Creating change Roger’s diffusion of innovations Aus NZ Wikipedia. (2011). Rogers’ diffusion of innovations. Retrieved November 18, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_of_innovations.
Influencer theory Livingston, G. (2011). The state of influencer theory on the social Web. In Smart Blog on Social Media. Retrieved July 18, 2011, from http://smartblogs.com/socialmedia/2011/07/15/the-state-of-influencer-theory- on-the-social-web/.
Where have we been? • Information has become overwhelming • Using of ICT • Students are not experts • Educational improvement • Research findings • Teaching & learning • What you can do
How to get started • Way forward - use open educational resources • Way forward - bring your own approved device • Organise observations of good teaching in good schools • Share teaching practices
Gerry White Principal Research Fellow whiteg@acer.edu.au Digital Education Research Network http://dern2.acer.edu.au

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A learning upgrade

  • 1. A learning upgrade Dr Gerald White (Gerry) Principal Research Fellow & Digital Education Research Network http://dern2.acer.edu.au
  • 2. • Overwhelming information • Using ICT • A myth • Educational improvement • Research findings • Teaching & educational improvement • What we can do
  • 3. Information overload Infowhelm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ECAVxbfsfc
  • 4. Mobile 96% 9-16 year olds access the internet often using mobile devices (60%) ACMA. (2011). Communications report 2010–11 series: Report 3—The emerging mobile telecommunications service market in Australia. ACMA: Canberra, Australia. Retrieved December 20, 2011, from http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDAR D/pc=PC_410225.
  • 5. Mobile phone ownership Kerr, D. (2012). One-fifth of third-graders own cell phones. Retrieved April 11, 2012, from http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57411576-93/one-fifth-of-third-graders-own-cell-phones/.
  • 6. Tablets Warschauerm, M. (2011). Eventually Tablets will Facilitate more Personalized and Interactive Learning. Retrieved April 28, 2011, from https://edutechdebate.org/tablet-computers-in-education/eventually-tablets- will-facilitate-more-personalized-and-interactive-learning/.
  • 7. Ereaders & tablets Webb, J. (2012). Publishing News: Ereader ownership doubles again. In O’Reilly Radar blog 27 January, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2012, from http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/01/ereader- survey-amazon-houghton-mifflin-libraries.html.
  • 8. Usage (5-14 years olds) 80% have access to the internet 91% accessed the internet from home Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children access the internet from school Boys use social networking less than girls Boys • interactive role playing games • accessing audio-visual content (news, sports, weather) Girls • access internet from home • educational activities Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2011). Children of the Digital Revolution. Australian Social Trends, June 2011. Retrieved from http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/LookupAttach/4102.0Publication29.06.11 7/$File/41020_Childrendigital_Jun2011.pdf.
  • 9. Teens functions used Lenhart, A. et al. (2010). Teens and Mobile Phones. Pew Internet. Retrieved May 28, 2010, from http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Teen s-and-Mobile-Phones/Chapter-2/Part- 4.aspx?r=1
  • 10. Teachers use Grunwald Associates. (2011). Deepening Connections: Teachers Increasingly Rely on Media and Technology. Retrieved July 13, 2011, from http://www.grunwald.com/pdfs/PBS- GRUNWALD_2011_ANNUAL_ED_TECH_STUDY.pdf.
  • 11. What we buy most online Dunlevy, s. (2011). Internet is becoming a daily habit for more than half of us. The Australian. June 30, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2011, from http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/internet-is-becoming- a-daily-habit-for-more-than-half-of-us/story-fn59niix-1226084455871.
  • 12. Internet traffic Barnett, T. (2011). The Dawn of the Zettabyte Era. In Cisco blog. Retrieved August 12, 2011, from http://blogs.cisco.com/news/the-dawn-of-the-zettabyte- era-infographic/.
  • 13. Number of blogs NM Incite. (2012). Number of blogs tracked by NM Incite. Retrieved march 14, 2012, from http://www.nmincite.com/?page_id=210.
  • 14. Educational improvement • BECTa impact studies 12% gain • European impact studies • US ED Tamin, R., Bernard, R., Borokhovski, E., Abrami, P. & Schmid, • OECD-PISA R. (2011). What Forty Years of Research Says About the Impact of Technology on Learning: A Second-Order Meta- • TIMSS Analysis and Validation Study. Review of Educational Research 81(4), 2011. • NSW Partners in Learning
  • 15. Educational improvement Blended learning Face-to-face Online learning instruction Instruction combining online and face-to-face elements had a larger advantage relative to purely face-to-face instruction than did purely online instruction. Means, B. et al. (2010). Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies. US Dept of Education: Centre for Technology in Learning. Washington; USA
  • 16. Teachers & quality teaching 50% Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses 30% relating to achievement. New York: Routledge. 15%
  • 17. Measure ICT Attempting to isolate the productivity and performance of information communication technology investment may be becoming rather like trying to allocate credit for a good cake to the quality of a particular ingredient rather than a complex interaction of all the ingredients. US economist Dick Nelson Reported in BRW, 10-16 May, 2007
  • 18. ICT Literacy Consistent with the pattern observed in 2008, females recorded higher levels of ICT literacy than males. Even though females expressed lower levels of interest and enjoyment than males in computing, they expressed similar levels of confidence in their ability to carry out ICT-based tasks without assistance and they achieved higher scores on ICT Literacy than males. Ainley, J. , & et al. (2012). National assessment program – ICT literacy years 6 & 10 report 2011. Sydney, NSW: Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority . Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu.au/_Documents/PDF/NAP%20ICTL%202011%20Public%20Report%2 0Final.pdf
  • 19. Digital reading • Students score significantly higher in digital reading than print reading • Girls outperformed boys in both formats • Fewer girls performed poorly in digital reading than in print reading • The gap between girls and boys narrows in digital reading • Boys outperform girls in digital navigation • The increase in reading proficiency is greater for boys OECD. (2012). Are boys and girls ready for the digital age? OECD In Focus report 12. Paris: OECD.
  • 20. Digital reading Students in Australia, Korea, New Zealand – higher in digital reading than print reading Girls out perform boys in both formats Gap between low & high performance less for digital reading • More girls at higher end of the scale • More boys at lower end of the scale Boys much better in digital reading than print reading • navigation–route knowledge (Martens, J. & Antonenko, A. (2012). Narrowing gender based performance gaps in virtual environment navigation. Computers in Human Behavior. Vol. 28. pp. 809-819.) PISA In Focus, (2012). Are boys and girls ready for the digital age?. OECD. Retrieved from http://www.oecd- ilibrary.org/docserver/download/fulltext/5k9gzj7398bw.pdf?expires=1336182313&id=id&accname=guest &checksum=3D41EEB01A8D8B98EDD4E7F7CEA00EA9
  • 21. Reading comprehension Evidence is beginning to emerge that reading comprehension from reading on a digital tablet is better than reading from printed books and desktop computer screens
  • 22. Students & ereaders Project Tomorrow CEO Julie Evans covered data from the 2010 and 2011 editions of the Speak Up Survey (http://www.tomorrow.org/speakup/) Students don't want CD or e-reader versions of these materials. They want Web- based tools that enhance communication and collaboration. • Specific elements of the "ultimate" e-textbook include: – Available online tutoring for specific concepts; – Chat rooms for social, peer-to-peer interaction; – Digital, online assessment tools; – The ability to download resources to mobile devices, including phones; and – Virtual labs and lessons that include video, access to real-time data, games, animations, and 3D renderings. Riedel, C. (2012). Digital Learning: What Kids Really Want. In The Journal. Retrieved February, 8, 2012, from http://thejournal.com/articles/2012/02/01/digital-learning-what-kids-really-want.aspx.
  • 23. Searching Behavioural & metacognitive strategies Searching for: Daily life information – competent Learning information – not confident Boys Girls Daily life – Behavioural Daily life – behavioural (control) & (control & orientation) evaluating quality Learning – get lost more often Learning – influenced by context & persistent Tsai, M., & et al. (2012). University students’ online information searching strategies in different search contexts. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology , Vol. 28 Issue 5, 881-895. Retrieved from http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet28/tsai-mj.pdf.
  • 24. Gamification Boys have better navigation and orientation skills with digital games (spatial abilities) Boys play computer games more than girls Girls are better at playing the digital games Girls are better at designing games (writing, collaborating, …) Robertson, J. (2012). Making games in the classroom: Benefits and gender concerns. Computers & Education Vol. 59. pp 385-398.
  • 25. Social networking research Social networking used for learning or entertainment • Learning – research, projects, production • Entertainment – personal, social, games Cha, J. (2010). Factors affecting the frequency and amount of social networking site use: Motivations, perceptions, and privacy concerns. First Monday, 15(6), 12 - 6 December 2010. Retrieved 3 January, 2012, from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2889/2685.
  • 26. Social networking research • Media use – video, online communication & media multitasking – were consistently associated with as range of negative socioemotional outcomes (social success, feeling normal, having friends whom parents perceive as a bad influence and sleeping) • Face-to-face communication consistently with a range of positive socioemotional outcomes • Face-to-face communication and online communication are not interchangeable • Media multitasking, online communication, messaging, talking on the phone and listening to music are interchangeable • Adults and children more willing to use technologies when with other people (but not reading) • Reading and media multitasking are exclusive • Face-to-face communication was negatively associated with face-to-face multitasking (do not want distraction) Pea, R., Clifford, N.,Meheula, M., Kumar, A., Bamford, H., Nass, M., Simha, A., Strillerman, B., Yang, S. & Zhou, M. (2012, January 23). Media use, face-to-face Communication, Media Multitasking, and Social Well-Being Among 8- to 12 Year-Old Girls. Developmental Psychology. doi: 10.1037/a0027030.
  • 27. Distractability Information quality Gasser, U., & et al, (2012). Youth and digital media: from credibility to information quality. Social Science Research Network, Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2012-1. Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstract=2005272. Social networking Cha, J. (2010). Factors affecting the frequency and amount of social networking site use: motivations, perceptions, and privacy concerns. First Monday, Volume 15, Number 12. Retrieved from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2889/2685. iPads Jennings, G. , & et al, (2010). Step Forward iPad Pilot Project. Melbourne, Vic: The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B5lvGCuvwcgXZWZkYmEzNDMtNmQ1OS00NmRhLTlhYmItOTU5NmVhYWJlNDA1/e dit?hl=en&pli=1. Problem solving approach can remove distraction Gurell, S., Kuo, Y., & Walker, A. (2010). The pedagogical enhancement of open education: an examination of problem-based learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, Vol 11, No 3, 95-105. Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/886 .
  • 28. Gender differences - internet applications Source: Nielsen Online (2008) The Australian Internet and Technology Report, February, 16+ years old, sample=1,356, Multiple responses. Note: Excludes ‘Anything else’ and ‘None of the above’. Chart displays activities with points of difference more than 5 per cent of use between male and female users. ACMA Media release 130/2008-22 October. On-line transactions, streamed content, email and social networking signal changes in how Australians use the internet. Retrieved October 23, 2008 from http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDARD/pc=PC_311468.
  • 29. Social media & gender Garber, M. (2012). The Ditgital (Gender) Divide: Women Are More Likely Than Men to have a Blog (and a Facebook Profile). From the Atlantic. Retrieved May 1, 2012, from http://www.theatlantic.com/technol ogy/archive/2012/04/the-digital- gender-divide-women-are-more- likely-than-men-to-have-a-blog- and-a-facebook-profile/256466/.
  • 30. Facebook research • FB users report lower achievement scores • FB users spend fewer hours studying than non-FB users • FB and non-FB users spend the same amount of time using the internet • FB users had poor time management eg procrastination Kirschner, P. & Karpinski, P. (2010). Facebook and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior. 26(6), pp. 1237- 1245.
  • 32. Digital natives myth 21C 20C 19C 19C (Technological determinism-Prensky, Tapscott, Oblinger)
  • 33. Home – school Findings Using a computer at home is The rhetoric that university related to digital reading students are Digital Natives and performance in all 17 university staff are Digital participating countries and Immigrants is not supported. economies, but that is not always true for computer use at Kennedy, G. (2009). Educating the Net Generation.: A Handbook of Findings for Practice and Policy. Melbourne: school. University of Melbourne. Retrieved July 2010, from http://www.netgen.unimelb.edu.au/downloads/handbook/Net GenHandbookAll.pdf. OECD. (2009). PISA 2009 Results: Students On Line. Digital Technologies and Performance Volume VI. Paris: OECD.
  • 34. Safety Green, L. et al. (2011). Risks and safety for Australian children on the internet. Brisbane; The ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation. (96% home & school, 31% out, 46% bedroom [girls 56%, boys 38%], 70% friend’s house, 60% mobile, 76% daily) 9-16 year olds experienced • sexual images 44% • bullied 29% • sexual message 15% • meet new online 34% • met offline 5% BUT • not bothered 21%
  • 36. Knowledge Taxonomy ISTE. (2010). Using McREL’s Knowledge taxonomy for Ed Tech Professional Development. In Leading & Learning. (p.20). Retrieved August 15, 2010, from http://www.learningandleading-digital.com/learning_leading/20100607#pg22.
  • 37. Teacher imperatives TPACK Mishra, P. & Koehler, M. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework Technological http://www.tpck.org/ for teacher knowledge . Teachers College Record. 108(6), pp. 1017-54. Knowledge Pedagogical Content
  • 38. Educational improvement Blended learning Face-to-face Online learning instruction Instruction combining online and face-to-face elements had a larger advantage relative to purely face-to-face instruction than did purely online instruction. Means, B. et al. (2010). Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies. US Dept of Education: Centre for Technology in Learning. Washington; USA
  • 39. Project based learning Skillen, P. & Sherry, B. (2012). What’s the Best way to Practice Project Based Learning. In 21st Century Fluenct Project blog. Retrieved August 12, 2012, from http://www.fluency21.com/blogpost.cfm?blogID=2849.
  • 40. Personalised learning (customised) Further details at: http://dern2.acer.edu.au Self-directed learning Further details at: http://dern2.acer.edu.au
  • 41. Inquiry based learning • Can be personalised • Research focused • Inquiry based skills (searching; curating; assessing quality, currency & relevance) need to be taught • Life-long learning Further details at: http://dern2.acer.edu.au
  • 43. Digital fluency learning program • Acceptable behaviour • Design skills • Collaboration, • Digital fluency communication, problem • Ethics solving and research skills • History of the internet • Digital Commons • Identity • Community involvement • Project management • Copyright • Safety • Critical thinking • Technology terms
  • 44. What can we do? • The use of digital technologies & digital media need to be taught • Collaboration and social networking for learning can improve engagement and performance – Distractability for entertainment can reduce performance • Better reading performance for digital reading than print • Mobility in learning eliminates the boundaries • Blended learning with instruction is superior • Gamification, project & inquiry based learning suited to ICT • Personalise learning
  • 45. Creating change Roger’s diffusion of innovations Aus NZ Wikipedia. (2011). Rogers’ diffusion of innovations. Retrieved November 18, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_of_innovations.
  • 46. Influencer theory Livingston, G. (2011). The state of influencer theory on the social Web. In Smart Blog on Social Media. Retrieved July 18, 2011, from http://smartblogs.com/socialmedia/2011/07/15/the-state-of-influencer-theory- on-the-social-web/.
  • 47. Where have we been? • Information has become overwhelming • Using of ICT • Students are not experts • Educational improvement • Research findings • Teaching & learning • What you can do
  • 48. How to get started • Way forward - use open educational resources • Way forward - bring your own approved device • Organise observations of good teaching in good schools • Share teaching practices
  • 49. Gerry White Principal Research Fellow whiteg@acer.edu.au Digital Education Research Network http://dern2.acer.edu.au

Editor's Notes

  • #14: Interest in blogs keeps growing. By the end of 2011, NM Incite, a Nielsen/McKinsey company, tracked over 181 million blogs around the world, up from 36 million only five years earlier in 2006.Overall, 6.7 million people publish blogs on blogging websites, and another 12 million write blogs using their social networks.