A Presentation On Color Physics In Digital Camera
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The document is a presentation by Vivek Yadav on color physics in digital cameras, covering essential topics such as aperture size, shutter speed, and camera modes. It discusses the impact of focal length on perspective and the different types of sensors used in digital cameras, including CCD and CMOS, along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it references various guides and studies related to photography techniques and equipment.
A Presentation On Color Physics In Digital Camera
- 2. A Presentation On Color Physics In Digital Camera Submitted by- Vivek Yadav Submitted to Dr. S. Mukhopadhyay
- 3. DSLR OPTICS
- 4. DSLR CAMERA DIGITAL SINGLE LENS REFLEX
- 5. PINHOLE CAMERAS FOCAL LENGTHF S E N S O R S I Z E S FILM/SENSOR IMAGE PINHOLE APPERTURE SCENE EACH POINT IS ILLUMINATED OR REPRESENTED FROM A SINGLE DIRECTION. SIMPLEST AND EASIEST FORM OF CAMERA
- 6. SMALL APERTURE VS BIG APERTURE
- 7. SOLUTION IS USE OF LENS
- 8. WHERE IS IMAGE FORMED/ LENS OPTICS CHANGE IN FOCAL LENGTH CHANGES THE PERSPECTIVE OF VIEWING, IF AN OBJECT IS PLACED AT A DISTANCE D’ D’ F D
- 9. FIELD OF VIEW F ALSO DEFINES THE FIELD OF VIEW FOR A DEFINITE SIZE OF SENSOR. DOUBLE THE FOCAL LENGTH, HALF THE FIELD OF VIEW. SHORTER THE F, WIDER THE VIEW. 2F
- 10. EXPOSURE UNDER EXPOSED OVER EXPOSED RIGHT EXPOSED • ANY PHOTOGRAPH STARTS AS A BLANK CANVAS, SO HOW YOU CHOOSE TO APPLY LIGHT TO IT DETERMINES THE VISUAL ATTRIBUTES OF A PHOTOGRAPH • INTENSITY OF LIGHT TO THE SENSOR PARAMETERS INVOLVED ARE : 1. SHUTTER SPEED 2. APERTURE AREA
- 11. SHUTTER SPEED HOW LONG LIGHT IS TO BE STROKED ON SENSORS. MEASURED IN A FRACTION OF A SECOND. E.G. 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500 FAST SHUTTER SPEEDS IS USED IN SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY BUT THEY CAPTURE LESSER AMOUNT OF LIGHT. SLOW SHUTT ER SPEED FAST SHUTT ER SPEED
- 12. APERTURE DIAMETER OF LENS OPENING. EXPRESSED AS FRACTION OF FOCAL LENGTH CALLED F-NUMBER E.G. F/2 ON 5`0MM LENS = 25 MM APERTURE BIGER F NUMBER MEANS SMALL APERTURE LARGE APERTURE MEANS MORE LIGHT BUT SHALLOW DEPTH OF FIELD (BOKEH EFFECT)
- 13. SMALL APERTURE LARGE DEPTH OF FIELD LARGE APERTURE SHALLOW DEPTH OF FIELD
- 14. HOW TO CORRELATE THE TWO ? EXPOSURE = SHUTTER SPEED F-NUMNBER2
- 15. ISO SCALE/GAIN LEVEL ISO SCALE INDICATES SENSOR SENSITIVITY TO LIGHT: ISO 100 - LOW SENSITIVITY, GOOD FOR BRIGHT CONDITIONS, STATIC SCENES, WIDE APERTURE, SLOW SHUTTER ISO 1600 - HIGH SENSITIVITY, GOOD FOR LOW LIGHT, DYNAMIC SCENES, SMALL APERTURE, FAST SHUTTER
- 16. CAMERA MODES PROGRAM MODE (P) - CAMERA INTELLIGENTLY CHOOSES SHUTTER SPEED AND APERTURE TO ACHIEVE CORRECT EXPOSURE SHUTTER PRIORITY (S) - USER SETS SHUTTER SPEED, CAMERA CHOOSES APPROPRIATE APERTURE APERTURE PRIORITY (A) - USER SETS APERTURE, CAMERA CHOOSES APPROPRIATE SHUTTER SPEED MANUAL MODE (M) - USER SETS BOTH APERTURE AND SHUTTER SPEED
- 17. Basic colour physics in camera …..
- 19. WHAT HAPPENS JUST AFTER SHUTTER
- 20. How to capture colors ? Beam splitter ? Spinning Disk ? Pros & cons ? Bayer filter ? Pros- Only one sensor Same time information recorder Foveon Type Sensor?
- 21. WHAT HAPPENS WITH FILM? NO SENSOR… WHAT WE USE ? SILVER HALIDE ….MECHANISM ?
- 22. DIGITAL CAMERA SENSORS CCD= Charge Coupled Device CMOS= Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- 23. BASIC MATERIAL ; SILICON DIODE HOW IT WORKS ? REVERSE BIASED ?
- 24. CCD SENSORS
- 26. CMOS SENSOR
- 27. BASIC DIFFERENCE 1. ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION? 100 times more ? 2. SOUND LEVEL ? 3. DATA CAPTURING ? BASIC DIFFERENCE IN A VIEW
- 28. CCD CMOS The charge is actually transported across the chip and read at one corner of the array. CCDS transport charges without distortion. CCD sensors, as mentioned above, create high-quality, low-noise images There are several transistors at each pixel that amplify and move the charge using more traditional wires. The CMOS approach is more flexible because each pixel can be read individually. CMOS sensors traditionally consume little power. Implementing a sensor in CMOS yields a low-power sensor. CMOS sensor has several transistors located next to it, the light sensitivity of a CMOS chip is lower. Many of the photons hitting the chip hit the transistors instead of the photodiode. Differences at a glance
- 29. HOW THE COLOR DATA STORED ?
- 30. REFERENCES Jim White and Tony Sweet(eds.), Nikon DSLR The Ultimate Photographer’s Guide, Canada, Elsevier Ltd., 2010. Christopher Grey(ED.), CANON DSLR The Ultimate Photographer’s Guide, Canada, Elsevier Ltd., 2008, Efficient Smart CMOS Camera Based on FPGAs Oriented to Embedded Image Processing Ignacio Bravo *, Javier Baliñas, Alfredo Gardel, José L. Lázaro, Felipe Espinosa and Jorge García Digital photography by Dennis P. Curtin Digital photography technique by J.A. KING Other study materials have been attached to mail ……
Editor's Notes
- #7: CONS: TINY APPERTURE MEANS LITTLE LIGHT HIT FILMS TRY BIG APPERTURE, WHICH ONLY LEADS TO BLURRY IMAGE, AS EACH POINT ON SENSOR RECEIVES LIGHT FROM MULTIPLE DIRECTIONS
- #8: RAYS ARE FOCUSED AT A POINT. SHARPER IMAGE ALSO THE PARALLEL IMAGE TENDS TO CONVERGE AT FOCAL LENGTH F.
- #12: TO TAKE ROTATING FAN IMAGES