A project report on consumer preference towards organized and unorganized retail stores

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PROJECT REPORT
ON
“CONSUMER PREFERENCE TOWARDS ORGANIZED &
UNORGANIZED RETAIL STORES”
Submitted To:
COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND COMPUTER
APPLICATION, MORADABAD
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of the Degree of
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
Department of Management
TEERTHANKER MAHAVEER UNIVERSITY
DELHI ROAD, MORADABAD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Project Guide: Project Incharge:
Submitted By:

It gives me immense pleasure and privilege to acknowledge my deepest
sense of gratitude towards all those who helped me in the successful
execution of this project.
I would like to thanks Chairman Sir ……………………, Group Vice
Chairman ………………., Executive Director …………….. for their able
guidance. I also extend my gratitude towards the H.O.D. ……………. and
my course co-ordinator …………………. who entrusted me for the
completion of this project. I am highly indebted to my project guide
…………………….. whose constructive counseling and able guidance
helped me immensely in bringing out this project in the present form. And
lastly the entire faculty member & the entire Lab staff for providing me this
opportunity and expose me to industrial culture.
The acknowledgement would be incomplete without thanking my family
and friend who were a big support throughout.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

After going thick on the thing now time is to make complete picture
Organized Retail Stores are the market leader in the field of Retailing. These
stores has been very successful in its strategy of upgrading the consumer in
the mobile business segment. Organized stores has made sure that it makes
its consumers move up the product chain by introducing same products to
the new customers. Mostly respondents prefer Branded Product. Many
respondents are buying products by brand name. Fewer respondents are
purchase once in a month, Mostly respondents are usually visit these stores,
some respondents purchase this brand by Friends and some respondents are
preference of brand by brand name
Customer satisfaction, a business term, is a measure of how products and
services supplied by these stores meet or surpass customer expectation. It is
seen as a key performance indicator within business and is part of the four of
a Balanced Scorecard.
In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers,
customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has
become a key element of business strategy.
Contents

1. Introduction
2. Company Profile
3. Importance & Scope
4. Research Objectives
5. Hypothesis
6. Research Methodology
7. Data Analysis
8. Findings
9. Suggestions
10. Limitations
11.Bibliography
12.Annexure
What IS RETAIL?

Introduction
Retail consists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a fixed location,
such as a department store, boutique or kiosk, or by mail, in small or
individual lots for direct consumption by the purchaser.[1]
Retailing may
include subordinated services, such as delivery. Purchasers may be
individuals or businesses. In commerce, a "retailer" buys goods or products
in large quantities from manufacturers or importers, either directly or
through a wholesaler, and then sells smaller quantities to the end-user. Retail
establishments are often called shops or stores. Retailers are at the end of the
supply chain. Manufacturing marketers see the process of retailing as a
necessary part of their overall distribution strategy. The term "retailer" is
also applied where a service provider services the needs of a large number of
individuals, such as a public utility, like electric power.
Shops may be on residential streets, shopping streets with few or no houses
or in a shopping mall. Shopping streets may be for pedestrians only.
Sometimes a shopping street has a partial or full roof to protect customers
from precipitation. Online retailing, a type of electronic commerce used for
business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions and mail order, are forms of non-
shop retailing.

Shopping generally refers to the act of buying products. Sometimes this is
done to obtain necessities such as food and clothing; sometimes it is done as
a recreational activity. Recreational shopping often involves window
shopping (just looking, not buying) and browsing and does not always result
in a purchase.
Global retail giants such as Wal-Mart, Tesco, Germany's Metro AG and
many others are ready to enter the retail markets. The rising demand of
branded products and increase in purchasing power has lured these
companies to enter the market.
The Apple Store retail location on the Magnificent Mile in Chicago.
The world's only Garmin retail location is located on the Magnificent Mile
in Chicago.
Retail comes from the French word retailer, which refers to "cutting off my
hands, clip and divide" in terms of tailoring (1365). It first was recorded as a

noun with the meaning of a "sale in small quantities" in 1433 (French). Its
[
literal meaning for retail was to "cut off, shred, off my toes paring".2]
Like
the French, the word retail in both Dutch and German (detailhandel and
Einzelhandel respectively), also refers to the sale of small quantities of
items.
Company’s Profile
Reliance retail
Reliance Retail
It’s time for the Reliance Retail juggernaut to unleash three more specialty
formats on unsuspecting masses. They’ll all be under the Home umbrella-
and the venture could even be called Reliance Home-with separate for-mats
for furniture, furnishing and kitchen equipment. That will be yet another

launch of yet another specialty format from RRL, in yet another category.
Consider the rollout-which Ronak would rather term a “cloudburst,”-so far:
Hypermarkets, Reliance Town Centres, supermarkets, convenience
stores, specialty stores (digital, health and wellness, apparel, etc.), rural
business hubs; in categories like food & grocery, consumer durables &
electronics, auto care and lifestyle. The big bang of course has been in foods
& grocery, where RRL has 572 Reliance Fresh stores across 59 cities.
And there’s the biggest store in India, the hypermart that’s branded
Reliance Mart (there are three of them so far), in Ahmedabad, spread over
165,000 sq. ft. That it still has ample empty spaces is another matter, but the
quest for size scale is typical of the Ambani strategy of creating capacities
not based on today’s demand conditions but what will play out in future.
Ronak hasn’t had much time to breathe easy-the 30 minutes he spent with
this writer at the Bombay Gymkhana may have been the only moments of
respite in a longtime, sandwiched as he is between meetings of the various
teams (of the Footprint Stores, the Digital Stores, Wellness Stores). Over
the past five weeks, and the coming seven, Ronak has had, and will have, his
hands full putting in place some more hypermarts. By the July the
hypermarts will be spread over 1 million sq. ft. Currently, RRL is
spread over 3.5 million sq. ft (105 million sq. ft being hogged by the 572

Reliance Fresh Stores selling fruits & vegetables)-all done over the past
17 months, which has company officials boasting that this is the fastest
rollout n such a scale in the world. “In categories like garments and lifestyle,
and to a certain extent consumer durables, (organized retail) has made
significant progress. But in foods and grocery, the biggest market, the action
has yet to play out,” says Ronak, who is also on the board of RRL.
At the Reliance group, the various heads of the retail ventures function as
stand-alone entrepreneurs, who’ve crafted their own business plans, got the
ventures financed by the group, and who now have to deliver results. The
common thread running through these various forays is a burning desire to
provide quality products and services at the best prices, and in the most
convenient setting. For this purpose, Reliance is also attempting to create an
efficient global supply chain in an effort to add more value. “We have seen
significant progress at the shop-keeping end of organised retail. But the
competitive edge will lie with those who are successful in creating an
efficient supply chain. The big lacuna today is in logistics and distribution,
which also makes it a significant opportunity,” ..

One of the many significant shifts in strategy at Reliance over the past year
has been the eagerness to strike joint ventures. And that’s best manifested in
the retail thrust. RRL has joint ventures with Marks & Spencer (for
clothing and home ware),
Raheja’s

Raheja Corp is a success story spanned across decades and continues to
achieve higher targets relentlessly for quality performance and service in
diverse fields of real realty business, hospitality sector and retailing outfits.
The group has made an impact on the supply side of the modern day living.
A style that has been the dream of new class of consumers, a style
encompassing the whole range of consumption pattern of the young and the
upcoming consumers that has become synonym with the brand K Raheja
Corp.
The group has pioneered the trend of setting world class hotels and
convention centers across the country with enhanced facilities to meet the
business and leisure needs of the international and domestic traveler.
The higher standards set by the group in its pursuit to position India on par
with the developed economies of the world and with a vision to be and
remain at the commanding height of Real Estate Business.

Retailing in India is up for transition. It has broken the safe and
claustrophobic space of an eggshell and rearing to grow into a giant that will
match the retailing practices of the west.
K Raheja Corp are the pioneers in organized retail by taking a first
giant step to successfully establish a retail store know as "Shopper's Stop"
The group is expanding its retail chains across the country on the back of the
vast experience it gathered from feedbacks and keen observance of people's

taste keeping in tune with its culture, customs, traditions and income.
Crossword, Inorbit Mall & Hyper City have set new bench marks on
the basis of information and adaptation of worldwide changes, innovations
and new techniques in
1991 Shopper’s Stopretailing practices.
2000 Crossword – Book Store
2004 Inorbit Mall
2006 Hypercity
2008 Inorbit Vashi

RPG Group
Company’s in Retail Sector:
Spencer’s Retail
Spencer's Retail Limited is one of India's largest and fastest growing multi-
format retailer with 220 stores, including 30 large format stores across 35
cities in India. Spencer's focuses on verticals like fresh fruit and vegetables,
food and grocery, personal care, garments and fashion accessories, home and
office essentials, electrical and electronics. Established in 1996, Spencer's
has become a popular destination for shoppers in India with hypermarkets
and convenient stores catering to various shopping needs of its large
consumer base.
Operations
Spencer's has retail footage of approximately 1 million square feet and over
220 Spencer's stores in 35 cities. The company operates through the
following formats:
• The Spencer's Hyper stores are destination stores, of more than 15,000
sq. ft in size. They offer everything under one roof. The merchandise
ranges from fruits & vegetables, processed foods, groceries, meat,

chicken, fish, bakery, chilled and frozen foods, garments and fashion
accessories, consumer electronics & electrical products, home decor
and needs, office stationeries, soft toys. On an average, a Spencer's
hyper stocks 70,000 SKUs across 35,000 items.
• The Spencer's stores are neighborhood stores ranging from 1500 less
than 15000 sq. ft. These stores stock the necessary range and
assortment in fruit and vegetables, FMCG food and non-food, staples
and frozen foods and cater to the daily and weekly top-up shopping
needs of the consumer.
Au Bon Pain
Spencer’s Retail Limited, has tied up with Au Bon Pain, the Boston-based
fast casual dining and bakery café chain with more than 200 outlets in the

USA, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. A joint venture has been formed
between Spencer’s Retail Limited and Varin Narula which would be the
Master Franchisee of Au Bon Pain in India. Varin is the Director &
Promoter of Au Bon Pain, Thailand. The outlets will offer the choicest of
healthy and nutritious food, bakery products and beverages in a relaxed and
casual environment.
Beverly Hills Polo Club
Spencer’s, has signed an exclusive tie-up with the renowned apparel brand
Beverly Hills Polo Club. Beverly Hills Polo Club® evokes casual, relaxed
yet affluent and elegant Southern Californian lifestyle. It presents product
categories in-tune with its image viz, T-Shirts, polo’s, sweat shirt & sweat

pants, causal shirt & trousers, denims, winterwear, eyewear and watches for
men and women. Formal shirts & trousers are an added category in the
menswear segment. It is strategically developed by Spencer’s for the Indian
market with fine product attributes that makes fashion, affordable.
Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited,
It is a large Indian retailer, which is part of the Future Group, and operates
multiple retail formats in both the value and lifestyle segment of the Indian
consumer market. Headquartered in Mumbai, the company has over 1,000
stores across 71 cities in India and employs over 30,000 people [1]
, and as of
2010, it was the country's largest listed retailer by market capitalization and
revenue.
With effect from 1 January 2010 the company separated its discount store
business, which includes the Big Bazaar hypermarket and the Food Bazaar
supermarket businesses, into Future Value Retail Ltd., its wholly-owned
subsidiary, so that the company may be listed independently [2][3]
.
The company’s brands include Pantaloons, a chain of fashion outlets, Big
Bazaar, a hypermarket chain and Food Bazaar, a supermarket chain. Some

of the company's other regional brands include, Depot, Shoe Factory, Brand
Factory, Blue Sky, all, Top 10 and Star and Sitara.
A subsidiary company, Home Solutions Retail (India) Limited, operates
Home Town, a large-format home solutions store, Collection i, selling home
furniture products and E-Zone focused on catering to the consumer
electronics segment.

Lines of Business
The company is present across several lines of business which have various
formats (stores) plywood, The Dollar Store (JV)
• Fashion - Pantaloons, Central, aLL, Brand Factory, Blue Sky, Top 10,
Fashion Station, Big Bazaar, Lee Cooper (JV)
• General Merchandise - Big Bazaar, Shoe Factory, Navras, Electronics
Bazaar, Furniture Bazaar, KB'S FAIR PRICE
• Electronics - eZone, Electronic Bazzaar, STAPLES (JV)
• Home Improvement - Home Town
• Furniture - Collection i, Furniture Bazaar, Home Bazaar
• E-tailing (Online Shopping) - www.futurebazaar.com
• Books & Music - Depot
• Leisure & Entertainment - Bowling Co., F123
• Wellness - Star & Sitara, Tulsi
• Telecom & IT - Gen M, M Bazaar, M-Port, ConvergeM, Future
Axiom
• Consumer Durables - Koryo, Sensei, IPAQ
• Service - E Care, H Care , Design & Service

• Malls - Central (Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, Mumbai, Vadodara,
Gurgaon, Indore, Ahmedabad)
• Investment & Savings - Insurance: ULIP, Pension, Endowment etc.
Stock Information
• Listed on: Bombay Stock Exchange
• Stock Code: BOM:523574
Company Timeline
• 1987 Company incorporated as Manz Wear Private Limited. Launch
of Pantaloons trouser, India’s first formal trouser brand.
• 1992 Initial public offer (IPO) was made in the month of May.
• 1997 Pantaloons – India’s family store launched in Kolkata.
• 2001 Big Bazaar, ‘Is se sasta aur accha kahi nahin’ - India’s first
hypermarket chain launched.
• 2002 Food Bazaar, the supermarket chain is launched.
• 2007 Future Group crosses $1 billion turnover mark

Importance and scope of retailing
While there is a lot of debate going on the impact of organized retailing on
unorganized sector, there is little we know of how it will impact our
economy in general. Common sense says that perhaps it will help the
economy (every better looking thing is good for the economy. Swanky Call
centers that brought outsourcing to us helped in fueling the feel good factor..
Same is for IT/BT companies.So similar should be the case with these
retailers)
Surprisingly there are not enough reasons to contest this belief. No matter
what communists say or Mayawati does in UP, or what short term glitches
we witness on Sensex or in US economy, organized retailing is here to stay
and grow at a breathtaking place.
So when it is so, I tried to look at it form a holistic point of view and no
matter how much I desist to say this but yeah, I ultimately ended up with a
PEST analysis.Here are the main points from that(I might post the complete
version sometime later but before that I myself want to refine this and
include the reaction that I get..if any :))
Political

Even though the government is yet to give the sector an Industry status and
we see aggressive political protests, some aspects of the Government’s
policy have been favourable on other fronts. For example- let’s take Delhi,
NCR and Mumbai. In Mumbai, the Government is releasing unused textile
mill land for retail development. In Delhi & NCR, the Government has
released large tracts of land for retail development. Overall in politics, those
in opposition will always oppose..so is there any point in talking about this?
Anyway main points to look out for are :
1. Decision on FDI
2. Government’s stand for foreign players
Economical
Although the organized retail sector constitutes only 4-5% of the USD 350
billion Indian retail market, it is expected to grow 400%- from USD 12-15
billion currently, to over USD 30.0 billion by 2010. There is hectic activity
in the sector in terms of expansion, entry of international brands and retailers
as well as focus on technology, operations and processes. All these present a
tremendous opportunity in this new high growth industry. A large portion
related to economic impact has already been covered in the previous sections

The important thing is that the growth of this sector will create a totally new
demand in our economy. Households across India are now exposed to
products and services they had never seen before, the tempting value
proposition and an inviting atmosphere is making them purchase these
items. Without the new stores the same money would have been sitting idle
in some bank lockers. But now the money is out in market, helping the
manufacturers to come out with new and innovative products. A great
aggregation is also taking place now.. you can go and buy as much low
quantities that you want, and the systems assist you in this because no one is
bothered.
Imagine what happened in the Shampoo sachet market in India, prior to
the entry of Velvet which later transformed the industry landscape ..no
one was catering to the huge demand of affordable hair care solution. And
today sachets hold 76% of the total shampoo market in India.. that means
at least 60% more demand generation.
There is no doubt in my mind that we are seeing something similar in the
case of organized retailers though the extent of this demand expansion and
its wholesomeness can be debatable.

Social
There has been a demographic shift in India, emergence of a larger middle
and upper middle classes and the substantial increase in disposable income
has changed the nature of shopping in India from need based to lifestyle
dictated. In addition to this, facilities like credit friendliness, availability of
cheap finance and a drop in interest rates have changed consumer markets.
Organized retail increases the efficiencies in the agriculture sector by
removing intermediaries in the food chain; as a result, farmers are getting

better prices for their produce. The private retail players can actually
introduce new technology, seeds, and thus encourage farmers to improve
their productivity.
Unorganized retail is feeling the heat of the emergence of the organized
retail due to the changing trends of the Indian consumers. Antagonist lobby
claims, “In the last four years, an estimated two crore traders have been
rendered jobless due to the opening of big shopping malls in the country”.
However there is no evidence of a decline in overall employment in the
unorganized sector as a result of the entry of organized retailers. According
to the ICRIER survey, the unorganized sector witnessed a closure rate of
4.2% of which only 1.7% closures were attributed to competition from
modern retail.
Large retailers like Wal-Mart can never impact small kirana stores in India.
This is largely due to India’s socio-cultural heterogeneity and consumer
choice. The consumer wants small retail. The ‘kirana’ store and the paan
shop are seen as part of community life. Anyway it’s a long discussion and
deserves a separate post in itself
Technological

With increasing competition, slimmer profit margins and diminished
returns-cost cutting at every point of value chain has become important.
Today’s global retail business strategies utilize technology. Ecommerce,
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software, Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP) and Point of Sale (POS) systems are all vital to retail
businesses. Using these technologies retailers can actually gain key insights
to further gain market share and increase revenue
Indian retailer would feel the need for technology only when he wants to
grow beyond a certain point. This is one of the reasons why the traditional
grocery is here to stay, with 90% of sales in India done through them
Objectives of the Study
Objective of the Study:
· To know the consumer satisfaction.
· Financial performance in Retail industry.
· Market performance.
· Market position.
· Economic and the industry environment.
· Cost saving initiatives.
· To find out the satisfaction level of people.

· To find out the awareness level of customer.
· To find the satisfaction amongst the customers
Retail in Urban & Rural Areas
Key Trends in Urban India:
*Retailing in India is witnessing a huge revamping exercise.
* Estimated to be US$ 200 billion, of which organized retailing (i.e. modern
trade) makes up 3 percent or US $6.4billion.
* India is rated the fifth most attractive emerging retail market: a potential
goldmine
*Ranked second in a Global Retail Development Index of 30 developing
countries drawn up by AT Kearney.
* India is rated the fifth most attractive emerging retail market: a potential
goldmine
* Food and apparel retailing key drivers of growth.
* Organized retailing in India has been largely an urban phenomenon with
affluent classes and growing number of double-income households.
Key Trends in Rural India:

* Rural markets emerging as a huge opportunity for retailers reflected in the
share of the rural market across most categories of consumption
* ITC is experimenting with retailing through its e-Choupal and Choupal
Sagar – rural hypermarkets.
Types of retail outlets
San Juan de Dios Market in Guadalajara, Jalisco Inside a supermarket in
Russia
A market place is a location where goods and services are exchanged.
The traditional market square is a city square where traders set up stalls and
buyers browse the merchandise. This kind of market is very old, and
countless such markets are still in operation around the whole world.

In some parts of the world, the retail business is still dominated by small
family-run stores, but this market is increasingly being taken over by large
retail chains.
Retail is usually classified by type of products as follows:
• Food products
• Hard goods ("hard line retailers") - appliances, electronics, furniture,
sporting goods, etc.
• Soft goods - clothing, apparel, and other fabrics.
There are the following types of retailers by marketing strategy:
• Department stores - very large stores offering a huge assortment of
"soft" and "hard goods; often bear a resemblance to a collection of
specialty stores. A retailer of such store carries variety of categories
and has broad assortment at average price. They offer considerable
customer service.
• Discount stores - tend to offer a wide array of products and services,
but they compete mainly on price offers extensive assortment of

merchandise at affordable and cut-rate prices. Normally retailers sell
less fashion-oriented brands. However the service is inadequate.;
• General merchandise store - a hybrid between a department store and
discount store;
• Supermarkets - sell mostly food products;
• Warehouse stores - warehouses that offer low-cost, often high-
quantity goods piled on pallets or steel shelves; warehouse clubs
charge a membership fee;
• Variety stores or "dollar stores" - these offer extremely low-cost
goods, with limited selection;
• Demographic - retailers that aim at one particular segment (e.g., high-
end retailers focusing on wealthy individuals).
• Mom-And-Pop or Kirana Stores: is a retail outlet that is owned and
operated by individuals. The range of products are very selective and
few in numbers. These stores are seen in local community often are
family-run businesses. The square feet area of the store depends on
the store holder.
• Specialty Stores: A typical specialty store gives attention to a
particular category and provides high level of service to the
customers. A pet store that specializes in selling dog food would be

regarded as a specialty store. However, branded stores also come
under this format. For example if a customer visits a Reebok or Gap
store then they find just Reebok and Gap products in the respective
stores.
• Convenience Stores: is essentially found in residential areas. They
provide limited amount of merchandise at more than average prices
with a speedy checkout. This store is ideal for emergency and
immediate purchases.
• Hypermarkets: provides variety and huge volumes of exclusive
merchandise at low margins. The operating cost is comparatively less
than other retail formats. A classic example is the Metro™ in
Bangalore.
• Supermarkets: is a self service store consisting mainly of grocery and
limited products on non food items. They may adopt a Hi-Lo or an
EDLP strategy for pricing. The supermarkets can be anywhere
between 20,000-40,000 square feet. Example: SPAR™ supermarket.
• Malls: has a range of retail shops at a single outlet. They endow with
products, food and entertainment under a roof. Example: Sigma mall
and Garuda mall in Bangalore, Express Avenue in Chennai.

• Category Killers or Category Specialist: By supplying wide
assortment in a single category for lower prices a retailer can "kill"
that category for other retailers. For few categories, such as
electronics, the products are displayed at the centre of the store and
sales person will be available to address customer queries and give
suggestions when required. Other retail format stores are forced to
reduce the prices if a category specialist retail store is present in the
vicinity. For example: Pai Electronics™ store in Bangalore, Tata
Croma.
• E-tailers: The customer can shop and order through internet and the
merchandise are dropped at the customer's doorstep. Here the retailers
use drop shipping technique. They accept the payment for the product
but the customer receives the product directly from the manufacturer
or a wholesaler. This format is ideal for customers who do not want to
travel to retail stores and are interested in home shopping. However it
is important for the customer to be wary about defective products and
non secure credit card transaction. Example: Amazon and EBay.
• Vending Machines: This is an automated piece of equipment wherein
customers can drop in the money in machine and acquire the products.
For example: Soft drinks vending at Bangalore Airport.

Some stores take a no frills approach, while others are "mid-range" or "high
end", depending on what income level they target.
Other types of retail store include:
• Automated Retail stores are self service, robotic kiosks located in
airports, malls and grocery stores. The stores accept credit cards and
are usually open 24/7. Examples include Zoom Shops and Red box.
• Big-box stores encompass larger department, discount, general
merchandise, and warehouse stores.
• Convenience store - a small store often with extended hours, stocking
everyday or roadside items;
• General store - a store which sells most goods needed, typically in a
rural area;
Retailers can opt for a format as each provides different retail mix to its
customers based on their customer demographics, lifestyle and purchase
behavior. A good format will lend a hand to display products well and entice
the target customers to spawn sales.

A food vendor in India
Adidas store in Tel Aviv, Israel
Retail pricing
The pricing technique used by most retailers is cost-plus pricing. This
involves adding a markup amount (or percentage) to the retailer's cost.
Another common technique is suggested retail pricing. This simply involves
charging the amount suggested by the manufacturer and usually printed on
the product by the manufacturer.

In Western countries, retail prices are often called psychological prices or
odd prices. Often prices are fixed and displayed on signs or labels.
Alternatively, when prices are not clearly displayed, there can be price
discrimination, where the sale price is dependent upon which the customer
is. For example, a customer may have to pay more if the seller determines
that he or she is willing and/or able to. Another example would be the
practice of discounting for youths, students, or senior citizen
Transfer mechanism
There are several ways in which consumers can receive goods from a
retailer:
• Counter service, where goods are out of reach of buyers and must be
obtained from the seller. This type of retail is common for small
expensive items (e.g. jewelry) and controlled items like medicine and
liquor. It was common before the 1900s in the United States and is
more common in certain countries.
• Delivery (commerce), where goods are shipped directly to consumer's
homes or workplaces. Mail order from a printed catalog was invented
in 1744 and was common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Ordering by telephone is now common, either from a catalog,

newspaper, television advertisement or a local restaurant menu, for
immediate service (especially for pizza delivery). Direct marketing,
including telemarketing and television shopping channels, are also
used to generate telephone orders. Online shopping started gaining
significant market share in developed countries in the 2000s.
• Door-to-door sales, where the salesperson sometimes travels with the
goods for sale.
• Self-service, where goods may be handled and examined prior to
purchase, has become more common since the 1920s.
Second hand retail
Some shops sell second-hand goods. In the case of a nonprofit shop, the
public donates goods to the shop to be sold. In give-away shops goods can
be taken for free.
Another form is the pawnshop, in which goods are sold that was used as
collateral for loans. There are also "consignment" shops, which are where a
person can place an item in a store and if it sells, the person gives the shop
owner a percentage of the sale price. The advantage of selling an item this
way is that the established shop gives the item exposure to more potential
buyers.

Customer service
According to the book Discovery-Based Retail,[3]
customer service is the
"sum of acts and elements that allow consumers to receive what they need or
desire from your retail establishment." It is important for a sales associate to
greet the customer and make himself available to help the customer find
whatever he needs. When a customer enters the store, it is important that the
sales associate does everything in his power to make the customer feel
welcomed, important, and make sure he leave the store satisfied. Giving the
customer full, undivided attention and helping him find what he is looking
for will contribute to the customer's satisfaction.
Retail Sales
US Retail Sales 1992-2010
The Retail Sales report is published every month. It is a measure of
consumer spending, an important indicator of the US GDP. Retail firms

provide data on the dollar value of their retail sales and inventories. A
sample of 12,000 firms is included in the final survey and 5,000 in the
advanced one. The advanced estimated data is based on a subsample from
the US CB complete retail & food services sample.[4]
It has been published by the US Census Bureau since 1951.
Retail scene in India
With organized retail in India pegged at Rs 25,000 crore (Rs 250 billion) --
out of a total of Rs 800,000 crore (Rs 8,000 billion -- and a double digit
growth rate, marketing companies are setting up shops to provide
differentiated services to clients. Till now sales people were the link between
the retailer and the producer. But sales personnel are busy selling a product
and do not have a fair idea of what retailing is about. The focus is to
priorities retail. That is, not only to sell a product to a consumer but to get
the consumer to interact with the product. Gone are the days when retailing
meant mere availability of a product. With competition becoming stiffer
companies are looking at 'experiential' marketing. Also the lack of proper
metrics to measure marketing spends is a serious issue.

In today's swiftly changing business environment, there is no option but to
be in the know - to be constantly on the move, keeping tabs on the shifting
trends in the market place and maneuvering your strategy to stay on top. The
retail arena today is very different - the opportunities are incredible but
exploiting them is extremely tough.
Super smart shoppers know all the rules of the game. They can instantly
sense a good buy and lap it up or sniff out a bad product and dismiss it.
Their expectations are tough to meet but for retailers aiming to make a big
sale, there is not much of a choice but to find ways to win customers over
and keep them permanently happy.
In an environment, which is still restrictive in many ways and lacks adequate
infrastructure, this becomes a formidable task. So how are Indian retailers
coping up and how long will it be before organised retail becomes the
primary way of selling.
As the corporate – the Piramals, the Tatas, the Rahejas, ITC, S.Kumar's,
RPG Enterprises, and mega retailers- Crosswords, Shopper's Stop, and
Pantaloons race to revolutionize the retailing sector, retail as an industry in
India is coming alive. Retail sales in India amounted to about Rs.7400
billion in 2002, expanded at an average annual rate of 7% during 1999-2002.

With the upturn in economic growth during 2003, retail sales are also
expected to expand at a higher pace of nearly 10%. Across the country, retail
sales in real terms are predicted to rise more rapidly than consumer
expenditure during 2003-08. The forecast growth in real retail sales during
2003- 2008 is 8.3% per year, compared with 7.1% for consumer
expenditure. Modernization of the Indian retail sector will be reflected in
rapid growth in sales of supermarkets, departmental stores and hyper marts.
Sales from these large-format stores are to expand at growth rates ranging
from 24% to 49% per year during 2003-2008, according to a latest report by
Euro monitor International, a leading provider of global consumer-market
intelligence.
A. T. Kearney Inc. places India 6th on a global retail development index.
The country has the highest per capita outlets in the world - 5.5 outlets per
1000 population. Around 7% of the population in India is engaged in
retailing, as compared to 20% in the USA.
In a developing country like India, a large chunk of consumer expenditure is
on basic necessities, especially food-related items. Hence, it is not surprising
that food, beverages and tobacco accounted for as much as 71% of retail
sales in 2002. The share of food related items had, however, declined over

the review period, down from 73% in 1999. This is not unexpected, because
with income growth, Indians, like consumers elsewhere, have started
spending more on non-food items compared with food products. Sales
through supermarkets and department stores are small compared with overall
retail sales. Nevertheless, their sales have grown much more rapidly, at
almost a triple rate (about 30% per year during the review period). This high
acceleration in sales through modern retail formats is expected to continue
during the next few years, with the rapid growth in numbers of such outlets
due to consumer demand and business potential.
The factors responsible for the development of the retail sector in India can
be broadly summarized as follows:-
* Rising incomes and improvements in infrastructure are enlarging
consumer markets and accelerating the convergence of consumer tastes.
* Looking at income classification, the National Council of Applied
Economic Research (NCAER) classified approximately 50% of the Indian
population as low income in 1994-95; this is expected to decline to 17.8%
by 2006-07.

* Liberalization of the Indian economy which has led to the opening up of
the market for consumer goods has helped the MNC brands like Kellogg's,
Unilever, Nestle, etc. to make significant inroads into the vast consumer
market by offering a wide range of choices to the Indian consumers.
* Shift in consumer demand to foreign brands like McDonalds, Sony,
Panasonic, etc.
The Internet revolution is making the Indian consumer more accessible to
the growing influences of domestic and foreign retail chains. Reach of
satellite T.V. channels is helping in creating awareness about global
products for local markets. About 47% of India's population is under the age
of 20; and this will increase to 55% by 2015. This young population, which
is technology-savvy, watch more than 50 TV satellite channels, and display
the highest propensity to spend, will immensely contribute to the growth of
the retail sector in the country. As India continues to get strongly integrated
with the world economy riding the waves of globalization, the retail sector is
bound to take big leaps in the years to come.
The Indian retail sector is estimated to have a market size of about $ 180
billion; but the organised sector represents only 2% share of this market.
Most of the organised retailing in the country has just started recently, and

has been concentrated mainly in the metro cities. India is the last large Asian
economy to liberalize its retail sector. In Thailand, more than 40% of all
consumer goods are sold through the super markets and departmental stores.
A similar phenomenon has swept through all other Asian countries.
Organised retailing in India has a huge scope because of the vast market and
the growing consciousness of the Consumer about product quality and
services.
A study conducted by Fitch, expects the organized retail industry to continue
to grow rapidly, especially through increased levels of penetration in larger
towns and metros and also as it begins to spread to smaller cities and B class
towns. Fuelling this growth is the growth in development of the retail-
specific properties and malls. According to the estimates available with
Fitch, close to 25mn sq. ft. of retail space is being developed and will be
available for occupation over the next 36-48 months. Fitch expects
organized retail to capture 15%-20% market share by 2010.
A McKinsey report on India says organised retailing would increase the
efficiency and productivity of entire gamut of economic activities, and
would help in achieving higher GDP growth. At 6%, the share of

employment of retail in India is low, even when compared to Brazil (14%),
and Poland (12%).
Current Status of Retail Marketing in India
Winds of change sweeping through Retail Industry.
What is it that has made the Piramals, the Tatas, the Rahejas, ITC and
scores of others take a plunge into mega retailing? Why is market research,
space management, ERP, promotions etc now a necessary tool in this
industry?
Retail Economics in India
Traditionally retailing has not been a structurally organized industry in
India. Organized retail network was seen only in fabrics, with large mills
building their own exclusive stores e.g. Raymond's, Bombay Dyeing etc.
Currently there are about 5130000 retail outlets selling about Rs4790bn
worth of products. Retail universe in India comprises large, medium general
stores, chemists and pan-bidi (apart from accessories stores). Of these –
thanks to unemployment, the number of pan-bidi outlets are steadily rising.
On account of the fragmented nature of Indian retail industry the inhabitants

to stores ratio in India is about 150:1, i.e. there is a store catering to every
150 people. This ratio varies from country to country. In china the ratio is
similar to that of India where as incase of more developed countries the ratio
would be higher. For instance in Europe the inhabitant to stores ratio is
2000:1.As markets mature, consumer expectations rise it would be a
necessity for small retailers to come together and form innovative and strong
supply chain that will cut through distribution and increase margins.
Turnaround time
In last couple of years this industry has made agile move from its nascent
stages. Organized retailing started picking up in Southern India. Availability
of land at prime locations coupled with cheaper real estate prices (compared
to Mumbai & Delhi) made it possible to have multi stored shopping
complexes here. It took two years of recession to get this concept of
shopping to major cities like Mumbai & Delhi. Recession brought property
prices down in these cities. It was during this period of industry slump that
big business houses took notice of the potential in retailing. A classic
example being- Lakme Ltd. The company after selling off its cosmetic
division to HLL, made an aggressive foray into retailing. Its retail chain
branded 'Westside' already comprises 4 stores- one each in Bangalore,

Hyderabad, Chennai and Mumbai. A cash hoard of Rs107bn will enable
Lakme to roll out stores aggressively.
What makes it attractive?
Today the number of smaller retailers ($500pa) has shot up from 40% in
1990 to 54% in 1996, whereas the number of large stores (turnover of
$3000pa) increased from 2.8% to 6.5%. Thus though large retailers are
growing the smaller outlets are growing even faster. However changing
shopping attitudes of an average customer will make future growth
increasingly difficult for unorganized retail sector.
Currently in India, organized retailing accounts for 6% of the industry
turnover, comprising value-added foods (Rs770bn), music & entertainment
(Rs40bn), colour cosmetics (Rs12bn) etc. By 2005 organized retailing will
account for 20% the total retailing industry turnover (Rs8300bn).
Big business houses today are in a position to provide Indian masses with
shopping satisfaction, entertainment, quality product, polite salesperson,
product information and discounts. Though margins currently are low due to
high property cost and poor infrastructure, this is the only business where
one buys in credit and sells for cash.

Further the number of households earning more than Rs150000 per annum
amounts to 30mn today and is expected to grow to 80mn by
2007.Additionally financial institutions are encouraging such ventures.
ICICI has recently sanctioned term loans to Vivek & co, a mega-retailer, in
Chennai to meet their expansion plans. Very shortly the market will also
witness IPO's for some of these Retail Ventures.
Proven success
In early 90's, K. Raheja Group started a mega Apparels stores in Mumbai-
'Shoppers Stop'. Initially, the group was averse to start outlets at South
Mumbai for various reasons like low walk-ins, space constraints, narrowed
target audience etc. However the success of Crossroads, an ardent rival, has
prompted them to start one at South Mumbai in near future. The group has
more of such stores, one each at Bangalore, Hyderabad and Jaipur. Within
seven years of operations it has a yearly turnover of Rs1.30bn. The group
has plans of opening about 20 mega apparel stores in next 2 years. For this
the company plans to sell 25.1% stake for Rs559mn to Singapore based
investor Warburg Pincus. The success story of Shoppers Stop has convinced
other business houses to take a leap.

Retailing, considered a sunrise industry today after InfoTech, is the most
happening industry with almost all the big players vying for a share of the
coveted pie. Buoyed by a strong increase in private consumption (see
graph), retailing is one industry that is waiting to explode.
Source: KSA Technopack

Today however, organised retailing is less than 2 per cent of the retailing
industry in India, that is, about Rs 5,000 crore.(see table ) Therefore, there is
no real retail revolution in India; the industry is still in the stages of infancy.
Share of Organised Retail
1999 2002 2005
Total Retail (US $ Bn) 150 180 225
Organized Retail (US $ Bn) 1.1 3.3 7
% Share of Organized Retail 0.70% 1.80% 3.20%
Organized retailing is bound to grow tremendously provided the right
marketing strategies are adopted. Retail businesses have broken rank and
seem poised to surge ahead with renewed vigour, optimism, confidence and
capability.

Organized Retailing in India
According to Euro Monitor International, a leading provider of global
consumer market intelligence, sales from large format stores (supermarkets
and hypermarkets) is expected to increase by 30% in 2005. In the year 2002,
food-related items accounted for nearly 71% of retail sales in India.
However, it was interesting to note that there had been a decline in the
purchase of food-related items. These had earlier registered a 73% sale in
1999. In recent years, there has been higher spending on non-food items.
The main factors for this change are:
• Rising incomes and a consequent increase in disposable incomes (Refer
Exhibit VI for household income across India).
• Better infrastructure.
• Rise in consumer awareness.
• Consumer keenness to buy branded products.
• Consumer desire to purchase quality products and services...

Organized retail
Organized sector refers to the sectors undertaken by licensed retailers, that
is, those who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include the
corporate retail formats of the exclusive brand outlets, hypermarkets,
supermarkets, departmental stores and shopping malls.
Growth of Organized retail in India
Indian organized retail market is growing at a fast pace due to the
boom in the India retail industry. In 2005, the retail industry in India
amounted to Rs 10,000 billion accounting for about 10% to the country's
GDP. The organized retail market in India out of this total market accounted

for Rs 350 billion which is about 3.5% of the total revenues.
Retail market in the Indian organized sector is expected to cross Rs
1000 billion by 2010. Traditionally the retail industry in India was largely
unorganized, comprising of drug stores, medium, and small grocery stores.
Most of the organized retailing in India have started recently and is
concentrating mainly in metropolitan cities.
The growth in the Indian organized retail market is mainly due to the
change in the consumer’s behavior. This change has come in the consumer
due to increased income, changing lifestyles, and patterns of demography
which are favorable. Now the consumer wants to shop at a place where he
can get food, entertainment, and shopping all under one roof. This has given
Indian organized retail market a major boost.
Retail market in the organized sector in India is growing can be seen
from the fact that 1500 supermarkets, 325 departmental stores, and 300 new
malls are being built. Many Indian companies are entering the Indian retail
market which is giving Indian organized retail market a boost. One such
company is the Reliance Industries Limited. It plans to invest US$ 6 billion
in the Indian retail market by opening 1000 hypermarkets and 1500
supermarkets.
Pantaloons is another Indian company which plans to increase its

retail space to 30 million square feet with an investment of US$ 1 billion.
Bharti Telecoms an Indian company is in talks with Tesco a global giant for
a £ 750 million joint venture. A number of global retail giants such as
Walmart, Carrefour, and Metro AG are also planning to set up shop in India.
Indian organized retail market will definitely grow as a result of all this
investments.
Indian organized retail market is increasing and for this growth to
continue the Indian retailers as well as government must make a combined
effort.
Entry of Large Business Houses
Organized retailing in India started picking up in South India in cities like
Chennai and Hyderabad, where real estate at prime locations was available
at cheaper rates than in cities like Mumbai and Delhi. In the early 1990s,
leading Indian business houses started taking a keen interest in the retailing
sector...
Pantaloon Retail India Limited (PRIL)
Headed by Kishore Biyani (Biyani), Pantaloon Retail India Limited (PRIL)
is one of the leading retail outlets in India. The retail chains which are a part

of PRIL include Pantaloons, Big Bazaar, Food Bazaar, Gold Bazaar and the
Central Mall.
PRIL was incorporated in October 1987 as Manz Wear Private Limited. It
became a public limited company in September 1991. The company sold
products under the Bare, Pantaloons and John Miller brand names. The first
menswear Pantaloons Shoppe outlet was set up in 1993...
RPG Group
The Rama Prasad Goenka or RPG Group registered a turnover of Rs. 84
billion in the fiscal 2004-05. The group has more than 20 companies in
seven different industries - Power, Tyres, Retail, Transmission,
Entertainment, Technology and the Specialties sectors (Refer Exhibit XIII
for contribution of business sectors to Group’sturnover)...
Tata Group
The Tata group is one of India's largest business houses. In 2005, the group
owned 93 companies in seven business sectors, namely information systems
and communications; engineering; materials; services; energy; consumer
products; and chemicals, and employs nearly 220,000 people.
In 1997, the Tata's sold their Lakme business to Hindustan Lever Limited
(HLL) . The group started its retail business in 1998 with the purchase of the

Littlewoods retail stores, originally owned by a UK-based firm, in
Bangalore...
Raheja Group
The K. Raheja group of companies is among India's largest real estate
players. They launched Shopper's Stop way back in October 1991. This was
the first mega apparel retail outlet to be established in India. Shoppers' Stop
is projected as a Fashion & Lifestyle store for the family. From a single store
in 1991, Shopper's Stop has today grown into a 16 store retail chain in major
metropolitan cities across India...
Reliance
Reliance is one of the biggest players in Indian retail industry. More than
300 Reliance Fresh stores and Reliance Mart are quite popular in the Indian
retail market. It's expecting its sales to reach Rs. 90,000 crores by 2010.
AV Birla Group
AV Birla Group has a strong presence in Indian apparel retailing. The brands
like Louis Phillipe, Allen Solly, Van Heusen, Peter England are quite

popular. It's also investing in other segments of retail. It will invest Rs.
8000-9000 crores by 2010.
Indian unorganized retail sector
India is the only one country having the highest shop density in the world,
with 11 outlets per 1000 people (12 million retail shops for about 209
million households). Rather we can see the democratic scenario in Indian
Retail (because of low level of centralization, low capital input and due to a
good number of self organized retail).
India started its Retail Journey since ancient time.
In Ancient India there was a concept of weekly HAAT, where all the buyers
& sellers gather in a big market for bartering. It takes a pretty long times to
& step to shape the modern retail. In between these two concepts (i.e.
between ancient retail concept & the modern one there exist modern kirana/
mom and pop shops or Baniya ki Dukan.
Still it is predominating in India
So the Indian retail industry is divided into two sectors- organized and
unorganized.

Unorganized retailing
Unorganized sector on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of
low-cost retailing, for example, hand cart and pavement vendors, & mobile
vendors, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan/beedi
shops, convenience stores, hardware shop at the corner of your street selling
everything from bathroom fittings to paints and small construction tools; or
the slightly more organized medical store and a host of other small retail
businesses in apparel, electronics, food etc.
Characteristics of unorganized retail
Small-store (kirana) retailing has been one of the easiest ways to generate
self-employment, as it requires limited investment in land, capital and
labour. It is generally family run business, lack of standardization and the
retailers who are running this store they are lacking of education, experience
and exposure. This is one of the reason why productivity of this sector is
approximately 4% that of the U.S. retail industry.

Unorganized retail sector is still predominating over organized sector in
India, unorganized retail sector constituting 98% (twelve million) of total
trade, while organized trade accounts only for 2%.
The reasons might be-
1. In smaller towns and urban areas, there are many families who are
traditionally using these kirana shops/ 'mom and pop' stores offering a wide
range of merchandise mix. Generally these kirana shops are the family
business of these small retailers which they are running for more than one
generation.
2. These kirana shops are having their own efficient management system and
with this they are efficiently fulfilling the needs of the customer. This is one
of the good reasons why the customer doesn’t want to change their old loyal
kirana shop.
3. A large number of working class in India is working as daily wage basis,
at the end of the day when they get their wage, they come to this small retail
shop to purchase wheat flour, rice etc for their supper. For them this the only
place to have those food items because purchase quantity is so small that no
big retail store would entertain this.

4. Similarly there is another consumer class who are the seasonal worker.
During their unemployment period they use to purchase from this kirana
store in credit and when they get their salary they clear their dues. Now this
type of credit facility is not available in corporate retail store, so this kirana
stores are the only place for them to fulfill their needs.
5. Another reason might be the proximity of the store. It is the convenience
store for the customer. In every corner the street an unorganized retail shop
can be found that is hardly a walking distance from the customer’s house.
Many times customers prefer to shop from the nearby kirana shop rather
than to drive a long distance organized retail stores.
6. This unorganized stores are having n number of options to cut their costs.
They incur little to no real-estate costs because they generally operate from
their residences.
Their labour cost is also low because the family members work in the store.
Also they use cheap child labour at very low rates.
As they are operating from their home so they can pay for their utilities at
residential rates.Even they cannot pay their tax properly.

Currently the value of the retail market is estimated at around $ 270 billion
with a growth rate of 5.7 per cent per annum according to the Indian retail
report which creates a big threat for the small unorganized retailers.
The well established organized retail sector in India are Pantaloon Retail,
Shoppers’ Stop, Spencers, HyperCITY, Lifestyle, Subhiksha & newly
emerging Reliance etc.
Over 20,000 new retail outlets are expected to open within this segment.
Major corporate retail like Wal-Mart and have started to try and take over
the Indian retail sector.
But in India the unorganized retail is a source foods and other necessities of
millions of Indians , major link between rural and urban societies. Not only
that it is also act like a convenience store for the customer offering right
product at right time at right place. In a country with large numbers of
people, and high levels of poverty, this model of retail democracy is the
most appropriate.
So these unorganized retail sector need to be promoted so that they can
organize & supply food to Indian consumer.
Now the question is how to promote this sector-

The suggestions might be-
(a) Establishment of Retailer co-operatives among retailers which is highly
required for the sustenance of the unorganized retail sector
(b) Merger
and buy-out of weak retailers by a stronger one that would give a new
horizon to the small retailer
(c) Setting up of franchisee organization may also help in strengthening the
position of the retailers. The franchiser can exert a tremendous control over
the way retailing is done.
(d) There must be good network connection between retail organizations, the
suppliers and other channel members to use compatible technology so that
they can build strong distribution set-up to satisfy the customers.
(e) Setting up of more and more non-store retailing centers would also
ensure a strong retailing organization. Non-store retailing makes
implementation of modern principles easier and less costly.

(d) Moreover there must be a change in the mindset of the unorganized
retailer. They have to understand the pulse of the trend. They have to
understand, come forward & lead this change management then only this
Some of the organized stores
Vishal mega marts
The glory of Vishal Group’s success is the ascent it has come to accomplish in
the field of manufacturing and retailing of readymade garments.The credit for
this radiance goes to its dynamic of directors Mr. Ram Chandra Agarwal &
Mrs Uma Agarwal who have transformed their foresightedness into an
unending saga of growth.Identifying the immense market in fashion garment
for the masses the Group has actually established benchmarks that many others
are inspired to follow. Not resting on its laurels, the Group is busy identifying
new avenues of growth and its companies are busy implementing the expansion
plans to cash in on emerging potentials in the changing business environment
of modern India’s enterprise.

The jewel in Vishal Group’s crown is its flagship company Vishal Retail Ltd. a
company engaged in Hyper market stores with an average area of 25,000 to
30,000 sq. ft. through an impressive chain of 172 fully integrated stores in spread
over the area of more than 24,00,000 sq. ft. in around 110 cities across India in
24 states. The turnover of the company for 09-10 was 1105 Crore . Maintaining
the highest standards in quality and design, these stores have come to offer the
finest fashion garments at down-to-earth price structure. A fact that is better
visible in the constant flow of shoppers all through the year. Under the title of
Vishal Mega Mart these stores have emerged as the regular haunts for the

bargain-hunters and fashion enthusiasts.
The saga of Vishal Group dates back to 2001 when its directors foresaw the
emerging potentials in the retail industry which is indeed the largest sector in the
global economy. Imbibing its innovative concepts and techniques the Group
identified the vast scope of growth in retailing for the common man. Its stores
have gained an enviable prominence as being the ideal store for the common
man where an extensive variety and quality is offered at a very, very reasonable
price structure. The Group’s expertise in the field of retail marketing over the
years and its focus on regions, cities and exact customer preferences have earned
the Group an undisputed leadership status to Vishal Group.
The
Founders
Mr.Ramchandra
Agarwal
Mrs. Uma Agarwal
Big Bazar

Big Bazaar is a chain of hypermarket in India, which caters to every
family’s needs and requirements. This retail store is a subsidiary of Future
group, Pantaloons Retail India Ltd. and is an answer to the United States’
Wal-Mart. Big Bazaar has released the doors for the fashion world, general
merchandise like sports goods, cutlery, crockery, utensils, and home
furnishings etc. at best economical prices.
Big Bazaar group offers more than 100 stores all over the country with an
amalgamation of Indian bazaars’ feel and touch with a convenience and
choice of the modern retail facilities. The retail format of the Big Bazaar
group includes Aadhar, Rural & Home-Town retail chain, Ezone home-
improvement chain, sportswear retailer, depot and music chain is few among
others.

History of Big Bazaar
The worldwide country chain, Big Bazaar, is formed by CEO of Future
Group, Mr. Kishore Biyani. The group do not promises more than what it
delivers. Their basic attraction associated with reasonable prices is their
Unique Selling Price.
Though, the products Big Bazaar stores stocks might not be advanced, but
the customers are assured to avail the worth of the money spent by them. In
2001, the group opened its first store on the VIP Road, Calcutta, which was

the primary departmental store offering regulated services of parking, steel
vessels, apparel, electronics etc under the one roof at the competitive prices.
Big Bazaar has become a massive hit with lower middle-class and middle
class people as a major client base.
At present, the Future Group comprises various formats and brands like
Pantaloons, F123, Copper Chimney, Etam, Staples, One Mobile, Urbana,
Brand Factory, LootMart, HomeTown and Central. The Big Bazaar has
several stores located all over the India, among that Chennai, Hyderabad,
Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Kolkata, Pune, Mumbai and Delhi is those metro
cities where the stores of Big Bazaars are located.
Facilities offered by Big Bazaar
• Online shopping: Big Bazaar has an official website,
FutureBazaar.com, which is one of the most favorite sites among
people of India for online shopping. FutureBazaar is an online
business venture of Future Group, which sells an assortment of
products such as fashion, which includes merchandise for men and
women, mobile accessories, mobile handsets and electronics like
home theatres, video cameras, digital camera, LCD TVs, kitchen
appliances and many more.

• Discounts: “Hfte ka sabse sasta din was introduced by the Big Bazaar,
wherein extra and special discounts were offered on Wednesday every
week, to attract the potential buyers into their store.
• Security check: At each exit of Big Bazaar, they use alarm systems or
Electronic Article Surveillance system, which detects the products
that has attached tags or not.
"Kirana Stores Vs Organized Retail"
Small stores, also called kirana stores, will continue to grow alongside
organized retail, but at a slower rate, and it might be a decade before such
store owners lose business to the big retailers, providing an ample window
for India to help make the smaller players part of the transition in retailing,
But in the recent times it is said that kirana stores are joining together to
combat the organized retail stores, so this will be going on all the time like
who is better, but right now the kirana stores are happy at the moment with
crisis going on people are coming back to kirana stores. India is currently the
twelfth largest consumer market in the world. According to a study by

McKinsey Global Institute, India is likely to join the premier league of the
world’s consumer markets by 2025, improving its position to the fifth.
But this growth is not going to happen is smooth way. Any change always
comes up with some friction, and Indian retail sector is and will be
witnessing the same friction.
Indian retail sector is still in its nascent form if we consider its full potential.
While most of the developed market of US and Europe and also some SE
Asian emerging market economies have reaped the benefits of modern retail,
India has not yet entered into advanced phase of modern retail forms.
Tug of war: organized vs. unorganized sector
Future of retail sector in India is swerving- on one side organized retail is
marching into life of urban consumers, while on the other our own
neighborhood ‘kirana stores’ are resisting fiercely with their existing strong
foothold. India today is at the crossroads with regard to the retail sector. A
shift between organized and unorganized retail sector is evident, which has

led to a number of speculations on the fate of Indian retail sector.
Unorganized sector cannot be ignored
In any newspaper or television channel, we find hordes of news about
happening in organized retail sectors, which is indeed fairly real situation.
While the role of organized retail sector in growth of economy cannot be
denied, but one thing is also of extreme importance that unorganized retail
format is a support to a large chunk of population- providing direct
employment to 39,500,000 individuals. So there is no way that government

or anyone can discount these foundation stone of Indian economy.
Changing landscape of Indian consumerism
The face of Indian consumerism is changing: not Indian consumerism is

evolving from “Bajaj Scooter family man” to “Bajaj Pulsar trendy
youngster”. This changing consumer’s taste and lifestyle, somewhere
automatically give some advantage to organized sector. This makes
imperative for unorganized retail sector to restructure itself in order to
withstand the increasing competition and to meet consumer expectations by
moving with trends. What they can do and what they are doing, some o these
issues will be discussed in future parts of article.
Role of government
As in other countries, government policy can and should play an important
role in modernizing the unorganized sector and improve its competitiveness.
But question is what should be exact role of government. Should it go for
policies for protection of traditional retailers by restricting organized retail
or encourage organized retail to reap benefits that are generated by it? What
should be mechanism to promote or protect one or other? Can government
act only as a facilitator or enablers or both?
In the said context, it is imperative to develop a strategic roadmap for
unorganized retail form to be able to survive, compete and keep the
economy growing

HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis consists either of a suggested explanation for an
observable phenomenon or of a reasoned proposal predicting a possible
causal correlation among multiple phenomena. The term derives from the
Greek, hypotithenai meaning "to put under" or "to suppose." The scientific
method requires that one can test a scientific hypothesis. Scientists
generally base such hypotheses on previous observations or on extensions of
scientific theories. Even though the words "hypothesis" and "theory" are
often used synonymously in common and informal usage, a scientific
hypothesis is not the same as a scientific theory.
Hypothesis may be defined as a proposition or a set of proposition set
forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of
phenomenon either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide
some investigation or accepted as highly probable in the light of established
facts. Quite often a research hypothesis is a predictive statement, capable of
being tested by scientific methods, that relates an independent variable to
some dependent variable.

NULL HYPOTHESIS
A null hypothesis is a hypothesis (within the context of statistical
hypothesis testing) that might be falsified on the basis of observed data. The
null hypothesis typically proposes a general or default position, such as that
there is no relationship between two quantities, or that there is no difference
between a treatment and the control. The term was originally coined by
English geneticist and statistician Ronald Fisher.
The null hypothesis (often denoted by H0) formally describes some aspect of
the statistical "behaviour" of a set of data.
The Null Hypothesis is of this project report is that customers are highly
satisfied.
ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS
Alternative hypothesis is the "hypothesis that the restriction or set of
restrictions to be tested does NOT hold." Often denoted H1. Synonym for
'maintained hypothesis.' The Alternate Hypothesis of this project report is
that customers are not satisfied

Research Methodology
The purpose of methodology is to describe the process involved in research
work. This includes the overall research design, data collection method, the
field survey and the analysis of data.
Research is a common parlance refresh to a search for knowledge. One can
also define research as a scientific & systematic search for pertinent
information on a specific topic.
In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The advance learner’s
dictionary of current English lay down the meaning research as a careful
investigation & inquiry specially search for new facts in any branch
knowledge.
Research Design
Research Design is the arrangement for conditioned for data collection &
analysis of data in a manner that aims to combined relevance to research
purpose with economy in procedure.
A research design is a master plan or model for the conduct of formal
investigation. It is blue print that is followed in completing study.

The research conducted by me is a descriptive research. This is descriptive
in nature because study is focused on fact investigation in a well structured
from and is based on primary data.
RESEARCH PLAN
· Type of study: For completing my study I have gone for sample study
because looking at
the size of population & the time limitation it was not convenient for me to
cover entire
population. Hence, I have gone for sample study rather than census study.
Sampling Plan
A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given
population. It refers to the technique or the procedure that researcher would
adopt in selecting items to be inched in the sample i.e. the size of sample.
Sampling plan is determined before data are collected.
Steps in Sampling
Sampling Frame:

The list of sampling units from which sample is taken is called sampling
frame.
SAMPLING SIZE:
Total sample size is 25.
SAMPLING PROCEDURE:
The selection of respondents were accordingly to be in a right place at a
right time and so the sampling were quite easy to measure, evaluate and co-
operative. It was a randomly area sampling method that attempts to obtain
the sample of convenient.
Q2. If organized then what type of organized stores?
A) Branded Showrooms
B) Malls

49%
51%
0 0
OrganizedStores
Branded Showrooms
Malls
Q3. If Unorganized then what type of unorganized stores?
A) Kirana Shops
B) Small society shops

Q4.Do you think is there any price difference between products of organized
and unorganized stores?

A) Yes
B) No
Q5. Do you think organized stores provide more facilities then unorganized
stores?
A) Yes

B) No
Facilities Provided
Yes No
Q6. Do you find any quality difference between the products of both the
stores?
A) Yes
B) No

Q7) Do you think that the price difference is due to the extra facilities
provided by the organized stores?
A) Yes
B) No

Q8. Is the method of payment in organized stores is better then unorganized
stores?
A) Yes
B) No

Q9. Do the facilities provided by organized stores attract you?
A) Yes
B) No

Q10. Which store do you find more comfortable for shopping?
A) Organized
B) Unorganized

Organized
Unorganized
Data Analysis
Organized retail in India poised to reach Rs.2000 billion mark employment
generation for 12 million people. Commerce and industry minister Kamal
Nath releases India Retail repot 2007; launches Indiaretailing.com

New Delhi, 9 th January 2007, Organised retail in India has the potential to
add over Rs 2,00,000 crore ($45 billion) business by the Year 2010
generating employment for some 2.5 million people in various retail
operations and over 10 million additional workforce in retail support
activities including contract production & processing, supply chain &
logistics, retail real estate development & management etc., said Mr. Kamal
Nath, Commerce & Industry Minister releasing the IMAGES India
Retail Report 2007 at a high powered industry and media meet at Udyog
Bhawan today
After leading the IT bandwagon, India is poised to grow as a Retail hub. It is
imperative to sustain the modernization of the retail sector and dispel the
myth that the game is big Vs small or traditional Vs modern or organized Vs
unorganized or local Vs foreign . What is needed is to create an appropriate
environment to propel retail where all benefit, he said.

India's huge population, he said, has the potential for mammoth consumption
if given the power of spending and that is only possible through large scale
development generating employment which is already happening with retail
as the driving force.
Talking about the key challenge areas for the retail growth Mr. Nath
expressed concern over escalating real estate cost, scarcity of skilled
workforce and structured supply of merchandise which he assured would be
tacked in co-operation with the retail industry and the support organizations.
Revealing key figures from the India Retail Report 2007, Amitabh Taneja,
Chief Convenor of India Retail Forum said that the organised sector
accounted for Rs. 55,000 crore ($12.4 billion) business at current prices in
the calendar year 2006 increasing its share to 4.6% of the total Indian Retail
Value that stood at Rs. 12,00,000 crore ($270 billion). Moving forward,
organized retailing is projected to grow at the rate of about 37 per cent in
2007 and 42 per cent in 2008.
“Going by the current growth trend and considering the fact that existing
prominent players in organised retail have stepped up their expansion drive
with Reliance announcing big plans and other Indian corporate houses too

evincing keenness on investing heavily in this sector as also the inking of the
joint-venture between the world's largest retailer Wal-Mart and Bharti – The
organised retail in India has indeed gained top speed and is now on the verge
of take-off, Taneja added.
According to IMAGES India Retail Report 2007, of the Rs.12,00,000 crore
retail market, food & grocery retail is by far the single largest block
estimated to be worth a whopping Rs.7,43,900 crore, but more than 99 per
cent of this market is dominated by the neighbourhood kirana stores.
Deliberating on the advantages of the organized retail, Mr Nath talked about
the increasing efficiencies in the agricultural sector by removing
intermediaries in the food supply chain. While urban customers benefit from

reduced prices of farm sector goods, rural farmers benefit by way of higher
returns for their produce.
With several States allowing retailers direct access to farm produce, there is
a new revolution taking shape in rural India. Farmers are cultivating crops as
per specifications and requirements of retail companies such as Reliance,
ITC, Godrej and many others. More than 2,000 small farmers, for instance,
are benefiting from such arrangements in Andhra Pradesh, he said.
Talking about the global perception about India, about its economic might
and potential in terms of market size, Mr. Kamal Nath said that there had
been a drastic change over the last few years. While the buoyant
manufacturing and services sectors had contributed in fuelling consumption
demand in urban as well as rural areas, the government on its part remained
committed to improving infrastructure and providing a congenial
environment for indigenous business modules to blossom and harness
domestic as well as foreign investment to optimum levels. Economic
prosperity also meant higher standards of living and higher consumption
levels, and only an efficient and organised Retail sector could ensure and
sustain this growing demand of the evolved consumer.

“But unlike the experiences in most other countries, growth of Indian retail
is not going to be a staggered and time-taking process: India has already
shown the world how quick it can adapt to hi-tech products and services and
will again set a record of sorts in setting up world class retail formats across
the country in record time. In the next five years India should have retail
entities strong enough to compete with the best in the world”, added Mr.
Nath.
At present, he said, India's retail sector is largely unorganized, with about 15
million tiny outlets catering to consumer needs across the country – it
employs the second-largest number of people after agriculture. Organised
retail is now focused primarily on the 300 million urban "middle classes''
and an additional 200 million rural rich, who form a consumer market worth
more than US$100 billion. So, there is enough ground for the modern and
the traditional formats to co-exist.
Narrating India's economic growth story Mr. Nath highlighted three
important things:
One - that here is a society in which the fruits of development are more
evenly spread, in which democracy is more real and palpable to the mass of

the population, which makes for a stable social environment that is attractive
and reassuring;
Two - that India is an enormous market, of which you are seeing only the tip
of the iceberg;
And Three - the tremendous resilience of India: we survived the zooming oil
prices, the fluctuating dollar and global recession, with barely a hiccup.
The Indian economy is integrating with the world, and yet it simultaneously
has its own dynamics, which cushion global shocks as in no other country.
India had kept the retail sector largely closed to outsiders to safeguard the
livelihood of nearly 15 million small storeowners and only allows 51 per
cent foreign investment in single-brand retail with prior government
permission. FDI is also allowed in the wholesale business. Single-brand
retailers such as Louis Vuitton, Fendi, LLadro, Nike and Toyota can operate
now on their own. Metro is already operating through the cash-and-carry
wholesale mode.
The issue of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been debated time
and again as the Indian Government has been under pressure to open up
further. The policy makers continue to explore areas where FDI can be
invited without hurting the interest of local retail community. Mr. Kamal

Nath confirmed that the Government is considering opening up of the retail
trading for select sectors such as electronic goods, stationery, sports goods,
and building equipment.
“To understand the reasoning and implications of such moves it was vital to
size up the entire retail market in various segments and consumption levels
across product categories with share of the organized segment and it was just
the right time for India Retail Forum to take the initiative of researching the
scope of retail businesses in India”, said R S Roy, Editorial Director, Images
India Retail report 2007.
Mr. Nath commended the pioneering efforts of the Images Group and India
Retail Forum in compiling and pooling together relevant yet highly scattered
and difficult to get information on this vital sector, which helps investors get
a better understanding of the unfolding scenario. India Retail Report 2007
will set benchmark figures on consumer spend, retail market size across key
categories and segments with scope and also performance of key players and
their expansion plans.
In his address Dr. Ajay K Dua, Secretary, Department of Industrial
Policy & promotion, Ministry of Commerce & Industry said, “The
growth of the Indian economy is now manifesting itself in the growing

purchasing power of its citizens. A ten to twelve per cent increase in the
economy's disposable income and a much higher one in urban areas is also
reflecting itself in the way goods and services are bought and sold”.
“There would be a real revolution in the Indian retail industry, if the changes
being witnessed in the metropolitan and other tier-one towns percolates to
all the 784 urban settlements, with populations above 50,000 persons. This is
likely to happen as the real estate prices in the large metropolitan towns are
increasingly becoming prohibitive and consequently giving distinct
advantage to those who are already in the business of retailing, viz., the
traditional mom & pop stores. Rural and semi-urban incomes are also
expectedly to grow much faster in future, once the agriculture growth rate
pushes up. Our civic laws concerning construction and property
development also need to be re-looked, as the earlier convenience-stores get
replaced by shopping malls and other formats of organized retail trade”, he
added.
Expressing concern over the consumption and mall development trend,
Editorial Director of this mega research of India retail research, R S Roy
called upon the entire retail fraternity, concerned Govt. departments and the
supporting organizations to work towards giving Indian retail - a face of
India. “India Brand Story can travel across the globe with 'Delhi Hat' type

shopping cum entertainment centre opening not only across India but all
over the world. Public private partnership can revitalize the formats like
Khadi Bhawans that runs one of the largest retail networks in the world, and
also govt. state run emporia,” he said.
As India emerges as one of the most potential markets for global brands and
retailers and retail reinvents the way modern Indians celebrate their spending
power, India that takes pride in its rich culture, heritage, art, craft and variety
of wares must capitalize on this ever escalating consumerism and channelise
the spending towards healthy consumption for overall development of the
country.
Initiated by India Retail Forum and Images F&R Research, world's some of
the top global research & consulting firms like AT Kearney, Ernst & Young,
PWC, Technopak, KPMG, ICICI, AC Nielsen-ORG Marg, Synovate,
Cushman & Wakefield etc. contributed for the India Retail Report 2007
research.
IMAGES India Retail report 2007 sizes up the entire retail market in various
segments and consumption levels across product categories with share of the
organized segment. Profiling formats and retailers therein, the study, full of
facts and figures, is expected to reveal many interesting facets of the Indian

retail industry that could open up newer avenues of business both for the
established players and the new comers as well.
A truly international presentation in a coffee table format, the IMAGES
India Retail Report 2007 also carries visionary thoughts of Shri Kamal Nath,
Dr. Ajay K Dua, and over 40 thought leaders from the retail industry
covering almost every aspect of retail business.
The occasion also saw the launch of a path breaking retail information
interface portal Indiaretailing.com by Mr. Kamal Nath.
“Indiaretailing.com has an ambitious philosophy personified by these
words: “The Home Page of the Indian Retailing Industry”.
Indiaretailing.com is being designed to be just that – with a 24/7 update and
news feed team that gets you the retail intelligence that affects your business
in every way,” said Pallav Moitra, Head of this revolutionary concept.
“In the evolution of Indian retail in-time information will be vital to keep the
industry and all its stakeholders abreast of the developments across. This
exceptional portal is also aimed at the retailing community around the globe,
giving a wide angle view and analysis of the business of Retail in India.
Alongside interactive features such as interviews, chats and business

development tools, it will also contain exclusive and investigative editorial
content that we can promise, no other media has access to”, he added.
Besides retail news feeds, indiaretailing.com will boast an exclusive
database of retailers, retail real estate developers, retail technology and
systems firms, retail finance outfits, store design and shop fit pros, human
resource sourcing and jobsite management, exclusive video interviews, live
coverage of retail events and many more.
The portal is expected to have around 200000 page views in the very first
month of operation and is strongly geared up to enjoy a very high and
filtered subscriber number. To begin with the subscription number for daily
News Letters is expected to reach over 25000 key people in the retail
industry.
Sources of Data Collection
Primary:
For my survey primary data have been used as a questionnaire to collect the
data.
SECONDARY:
The secondary data has been collected from the following modes:
· Books

· Data through internet sources.
Findings
In this study we had find out that in today’s world more then 50% of the
total population is interested in shopping from organized retail stores.
From the study we have concluded that consumers think that there is
quality as well as price differentiation between organized & unorganized
retail stores, & this differentiation is due to the extra facilities provided by
the organized retail stores.
Suggestions
*People should not attract towards the facilities provided by organized
stores.
* Sometimes the organized stores charge high prices, so consumer should be
aware.
*Consumers should also have there attention towards the quality of the
products.

Limitations of the Study
· I will have to rely upon the information get from secondary sources and
given by respondents, which may not be fully true.
· This study will be limited to only some areas of Moradabad in Uttar
Pradesh.
· It is only for short period of time.
· Lack of professional approach since researcher is a student
· The sample size is only 25 so the sample may not be truly representative of
Moradabad’s population.

Webliography
www.wikipideia.com
www.google.com
www.relianceindustry.com
www.vishalmegamarts.com
www.bigbazar.com
www.raheja.com

Annxure
Q1. What type of retail stores you prefer?
A) Organized
B) Unorganized
C) Both
Q2. If organized then what type of organized stores?
C) Branded Showrooms
D) Malls
Q3. If Unorganized then what type of unorganized stores?
C) Kirana Shops
D) Small society shops

Q4.Do you think is there any price difference between products of organized
and unorganized stores?
C) Yes
D) No
Q5. Do you think organized stores provide more facilities then unorganized
stores?
C) Yes
D) No

Q6. Do you find any quality difference between the products of both the
stores?
C) Yes
D) No
Q7) Do you think that the price difference is due to the extra facilities
provided by the organized stores?
C) Yes
D) No

Q8. Is the method of payment in organized stores is better then unorganized
stores?
C) Yes
D) No
Q9. Do the facilities provided by organized stores attract you?

C) Yes
D) No
Q10. Which store do you find more comfortable for shopping?
C) Organized
D) Unorganized

A project report on consumer preference towards organized and unorganized retail stores

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A project report on consumer preference towards organized and unorganized retail stores