A review on different process parameters in FDM and their effects on various required outputs

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1511
A review on different process parameters in FDM and their effects on
various required outputs
Aadesh R. Chaudhari1, Om A. Sonawane2, Mitali V. Dhivare3,Sanket S. Chikshe4
1Student, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, PVG’s COET PUNE, Maharashtra, India
2 Student, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, PVG’s COET PUNE, Maharashtra, India
3 Student, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, PVG’s COET PUNE, Maharashtra, India
4Professor, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, PVG’s COET PUNE, Maharashtra, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - FDM (Fused deposition modelling) is themanufacturingtechniqueinwhichproductisbuiltlayer bylayerwithhelp
of 3D printers by deposition of heated material through a nozzle.Itcanproducecomplexshapeswhicharenearlyimpossibleto
build through conventional subtractive manufacturing processes, also it is more efficient, economical, cheap and can produce
wide variety of products. On the other hand, it has several major limitations like limited options of material, dimensional
accuracy and surface finishing, poor material strength, and slow rate ofproduction.Numerousresearchstudiesare ongoingon
study to enhance the usage of FDM in different operational environments. Multiple researchers concentrated on composite
materials such as carbon fibre composite,glassfibrereinforcedcomposite,metal composites,polymercomposites, andceramic
composites. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive reviewofsubstantial progresshasbeenmadeindevelopinga rangeof
samples and optimization of printing parameters for FDM.
Key Words: Additive manufacturing, process parameters, fused deposition modelling, composite materials, tensile
and flexural strength
1. INTRODUCTION
The 3D Printing, a rapidly evolving additive manufacturing technology, has the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing
industry by significantlyreducingproductiontimecomparedtotraditional methods.Withongoingadvancements, itisexpected
that 3D printers will soon dominate the market, replacing traditional manufacturing processes and initiating a new industrial
revolution [1]. Additive manufacturing also known as 3D printing is one of the most revolutionary technology which permits
the fabrication of the physical object by adding the material layer by layer to form a desired object which exactly similar to
conventional subtractive manufacturing processes like laser cutting, CNC machining, millingmachinecutting whichultimately
facilitates the user with several benefits like Design freedom-3Dprintingallowsthetediousandintricategeometrieswhichare
very difficult or more likely impossible to accomplish with subtractive manufacturing. Material efficiency- the subtractive
manufacturing process generates remarkable amount of material waste because of elimination of unwanted excess material,
whereas additive manufacturing is very material effective becauseitconsumesonlyrequiredamountofmaterial to generatean
end product. Cost effectiveness of complex parts- conventional subtractive manufacturing process involves multiple steps,
specialized tools and longer production time which eventually results in high costs of product but, the additivemanufacturing
can merge multiple components in the single printedobjectwhichalsodecreasesassemblytimeaswell astime.Customization-
Additive manufacturing allows the generation of exclusive and personalized parts as per the individual requirements and
preference. Reduced tooling costs- Additive manufacturingeliminatesthe requirementsofspecializedtoolsforcustompartsor
batch production as it is needed in conventional manufacturing method. Vishal N. Patel et al. conducted a review on the
parametric optimization of the Fused Deposition Modelling process in rapid prototyping technology, focusing on different
parameters such as layer thickness, air gap, raster width, raster orientation, and mechanical properties,and reviewingvarious
studies that investigated the effects of these parameters on mechanical properties, surface roughness, build orientation, and
quality of FDM parts [2] . The method for creating high-quality ABS wire as a feedstock filament for FDM is presented in this
paper by examining the effects of extrusion parameters. This method produces ABS wire with favorable mechanical and
thermal properties, printability, and bed adhesion, indicating its potential for industrial applications in the automotive,
aerospace, and medical sectors [3].
2. Additive Manufacturing Process:
Additive manufacturing is the class of technologywhichautomaticallydesignthe model usingCADdata. Inrecentyears, additive
manufacturing process has found various applications inmanyindustrialaswellascommercialsectors.ABSandPLA arethe most
commonly used filaments in 3D printing both of them provide high quality materials in their own ways [4].Wecanusevarious
reinforcing materials to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardant properties likeglassfiber-reinforced modeling

polymer (GFRP) using the fused deposition modeling(FDM)3Dprintingprocess [5].LeipengYang etal.investigatedtheimpact
of adding Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)toPolylactic Acid(PLA)inFusedDepositionModelling(FDM),focusingontheenhancement
of thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, using two approaches: optimizing process parameters and utilizing new
materials, resulting in improved mechanical properties, electrical conductivity,andthermal stabilityasCNTcontentincreased
in the PLA/CNT blend [6]. A table is formulated to correlate the various printing parameters and their effects on desired
outputs. From this table, it can be understood that, none of those have similarities within them and they can be varied as per
the requirements and availability of resources. FDM is the most popularamongthedifferentadditivemanufacturingprocesses
such as stereo-lithography, fused deposition modeling, binder jetting, direct energy deposition and sheet lamination. R. B.
Kristiwan et al. conducted a thoroughreviewonFDM3Dprinting,coveringfilamentprocessing,materials,printing parameters,
and their impact on product quality. They highlighted the need for printing parameter optimization to achieve improved
mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy and discussed current issues and potential future research directions [7].
Table -1: Process parameters and their effects on required outputs
FDM is the most commonly used additive manufacturing technique because it has several advantages over other techniques
such as Accessibility and affordability of the 3D printers as compared to otheradditive manufacturingprocesses,itcanbeused
with a variety of materials, this method is easy to use and even beginnerscanalsomakeobjectsbecauseofitsfriendlyinterface,
and it has maximum flexibility by which one can control surface smoothness, mechanical and other strengths of the end
product by varying its different printing parameters and their levels. Amir Rostami et al. demonstrated the influence of
multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the rheological, thermal, and electrical properties of a PC/ABS blend,
emphasizing the significant improvementinphysical andmechanical propertiesachievedthroughtheuseofnanofillers,aswell
as the localization of MWCNTs at the interface of PC and ABS, whichleadstoincreasedelectrical conductivity [8]. Dinesh Yadav
et al. successfully used an artificial neural network to optimize the FDM 3D printing process parameters for multi-material
printing, leading to better print quality and fewer defects. This work has potential ramifications for manufacturing processes
that are more effective and economical [9].
3. Challenges in AM
Additive manufacturing is replacing the traditional manufacturing processes because of its advantages like design freedom,
reduced tooling costs, product customization, sustainability, and waste reduction though AM has a hard path ahead to get
accepted for real-time product application. Some of the important challenges faced by AM arelimitedsizeofpartto beprinted,
misalignments in the top layers, cost of the production, material selection, less accuracy, cost of the production. Dinesh S.K. et
al. studied the flexural and tensile behavior of PLA, ABS, and PLA-ABS materials in 3D printing, evaluating various printing

parameters and proportions, and discovered that the sandwiching of ABS and PLA in 3D printed samples demonstrated
promising mechanical properties, indicating its potential as a future filament option in additive manufacturing [4].
3.1. Post-processing and finishing:
It plays a very crucial role in AM to fulfill desired dimensional accuracy, surface finishing, and aesthetics ofthe printed parts.It
increases the cost and time required to manufacture a specific product for end use. The printing of overhangs and complex
geometries is facilitated by several AM techniques by use of support structures. This support must be taken down after
printing, is can be carried out manually with the aid of cutting implements or chemical solvents, or automatically utilizing
technique like water jetting or supports those dissolves. Because AM is an additive technique, parts frequently have layered
surface textures. There are many methods that can be used, such as sanding, polishing, or abrasive blasting to enhance the
surface finishing. These techniques help in reducing surface roughness and apparent layer lines, but they require resources,
tooling, labors. H. Kursad et al. investigated the FDM 3D printing ofMWCNT reinforcedABSnano-compositeparts,highlighting
the significant improvement in mechanical and electrical properties, such as increased tensile strength, flexural strength,and
electrical conductivity, demonstrating the potential for improved ABS parts in the electronics, aerospace, and automotive
industries [10].
3.2. Emergence of Cavity
It is also known as voids or defects; they can appear for a variety of reasons and have an effect on the quality and structural
integrity of printed products. Cavities may develop between depositedlayersifthematerial flowisnotproperlycontrolled orif
there are problems with the material’s viscosity, temperature, or extrusion pressure. During the printing process, uneven or
inconsistent heat distribution might result in localized cooling or restricted material melting. This may cause gaps or weak
interfaces between the printed layers due to insufficient layer fusion. Powdered material is used in several AM procedures,
such as powder fusion methods in which the internal cavities may be created in the printed part if gases or air pockets get
trapped in the powder bed or the material feedstock.
4. Fused deposition modeling:
The additive manufacturing process is the manufacturing process in which we get the desired shape and size of an object,
efficiently with the least usage of material forming it layer by layer which ultimatelygeneratesthedesiredoutcomeproduct by
any material, from polymers to metals and from ceramics to even a biological material too such as living cells. The founder of
Stratasys, Scott Crump first introduced the FDM process to the world in the late 80s. It is well known bysomeother nameslike
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Plastic Jet Printing (PJP), Material Extrusion (ME), and
Extrusion Deposition (ED). The study examines the flexural and tensile behavior of 3D printed objects made of PLA, ABS, and
PLA-ABS blends, emphasizing the impactofprocessingvariables,suchasprintingorientation,layerthickness,andinfill density,
on the mechanical characteristics of the materials. The maximum flexural strength was found in PLA, the highest tensile
strength was found in ABS, and the qualities of PLA-ABS blends were intermediate, highlighting the significance of choosing a
material and processing conditionsdependingondesiredmechanical attributes.Inordertobetterunderstandandoptimizethe
qualities of 3D printed parts, the study also highlights the major impact of printing orientation on mechanical properties and
proposes more research on other processing factors [11].
In 3D printing, the moving nozzle extrudes the heated material anddepositsitonthe bedwhichcanmoveina vertical direction
that is the same as the layer thickness. The nozzle can move in both directions x and y, it moves in x-y while printing a single
layer and it continues till the entire object is printed. The material is heated slightly above its glass transition or Softening
temperature which brings it to a semi-solid state [13]. After extrusion through the nozzle, the material immediately solidifies
and a cohesive phenomenon takes placewhichultimatelystrengthenstheobjectto be printed.Theadhesive phenomenontakes
place between the bottom layer and the bed surface which ensures that the object does not shift out of position. Dependingon
the application of the object the printing parameters are selected. In the 1990’s, FDM became commercially available, and its
basic operational principles were depicted in diagram by H.K.Dave et.al. [12] is illustrated in fig. 1

Fig-1: FDM System
5. Process Parameters of FDM
In FDM, process parameters are very important since they have a direct impact on the precision, quality,andcharacteristics of
the printed parts. Some of the most important factors are orientation, infill pattern, infill density, layer thickness, printing
speed, fiber angle, number of fiber rings, extrusion temperature [5,7,12]. Depending upon the particular needs of the printed
part, the filament being used, and the desired quality of finished result, these process parameters can be modified and
optimized. To improve print quality, dimensional accuracy and mechanical qualities in FDM, these parameters can be fine-
tuned. Vinaykumar S Jatti et al. investigated the effect of Fused Deposition Modelling process parameters such as layer
thickness, printing speed, infill percentage, and extrusion temperature on the mechanical properties of printed parts, where
printing speed affected material distribution and physical wear, infill percentage influenced tensile strength, impact strength,
flexural strength, and surface roughness with maximum values observed at 100% infill density,andlayerthicknessinfluenced
tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strength [13]. Ashish R. Prajapati etal.investigatedtheimpactstrength of3Dprinted
fiber reinforcement polymer composites and discovered that the number of fiber rings has a significant influence, with
increasing impact strength observed in 0°/90° fiber angle samples, highlighting the potential of 3D printing for producing
functional designs with improved mechanical properties in various industries such as aviation and automotive [14].
5.1. Layer Thickness
The layer thickness is the height of each layer that is extruded from the nozzle and deposited in FDM. This is one of the most
important parameters which plays a role in deciding the precision level sharpness of the 3D printed object. The smaller the
layer thickness more will be the smoothness of surface finishing and greater the precision but ultimately it will increase the
printing time and material required for FDM whereas, the larger layer thickness prints the model in faster rate but
compromises in the surface finishing quality. Fig 2. illustratesthedifferentlayerorientations.The mechanical,surface,andpart
qualities are all influenced by the layer thickness. The density of the component and surface quality rise with layer thickness
[15]. Higher tensile strength is attained at a lower layer height because a bigger bonding area with fewer vacanciesisdetected
at the lower layer height, which improves the performance of the test specimen [16].Withtheincrementofthelayerthickness,
tensile strength first increases, but after a further increase in layer thickness, tensile strength was found to be decreased [17].

Fig-2: Graphical representations of various layer thickness
5.2. Orientation
The orientation refers to how the specimen is printed along any axis on the bead. In this study we have taken three different
orientations viz., flat, on long edge and on short edge. In flat orientation the specimen is printed along the bottommost layer
and gradually prints the upper layers, while in on long edge orientation the specimen is to be printed along the longest side of
the specimen (horizontally) and similarly for short edge it is printed along the shortest side of specimen (vertically). The
cooling rate, layer packaging and tensile strength varies as per the different orientations. Fig 3. refers to different orientation
for dog bone shaped specimen.
Fig-3: Schematic of fiber orientations
5.3 Infill Density
Infill density refers of the part is the percentage volume thatisbeingfilledwhileprintingthespecimenandtheremainingspace
is void. The infill density affects the characteristics like strength, material usage, weight of specimen, time of print. The lesser
the infill density the lesser will be the values of above characteristics and more the value of infill densitymorewill bethevalue
of all characteristics. Fig 4 illustrates the various combinations of infill density along with infill patterns [12].

Fig-4: Infill density vs Infill pattern
5.4. Infill pattern
The infill pattern is the technique that how the inner layers are bounded to each other. These are nothing but geometrical
patterns which are being printed in the inner structure. There are many infill patterns available and those are selected as per
the application requirements of an object. More the complexity required in the infill patternmoretimeandmaterial itwill take
for printing as shown in fig.4.
5.5 Printing speed
The rate at which the printer extrudes and deposits the filament material to produce a three-dimensional object is referred to
as printing speed in FDM. It is a critical factor which can affect the overall effectiveness, productivity, and quality of process.
High speed causes Improper Distribution of material & wear of physical partsVerylow speedcauseslotoftimetoprinta single
specimen [13].
5.6. Extrusion Temperature
The extrusion temperature in FDM is the temperature at which the thermoplasticfilamentismeltedanddepositedonelayerat
a time to produce a 3D printed object. The extrusion temperature in FDM has a significant impactonvarietyofprintingrelated
factors as well as the final print quality. The filament must consistently melt at the extrusiontemperatureinorderforittoflow
easily through the printer’s nozzle. The filament may not completely melt if the temperature is too low, which could lead to
blockages or uneven extrusion. The resolution and general print quality are impacted by the extrusion temperature. It affects
the deposition of material, flow rate, and filament viscosity. Although a higher temperature can make the material more
flowable, it can also cause problems like stringing or excessive filament oozing. However, a lower temperature may cause
under- extrusion or insufficient layer bonding while producing prints that are more accurate.
5.7. Raster Angle
Raster angle is the angle created by the X-axis of the platform where layer deposition occurs during printing. The mechanical
characteristics of 3D-printed items are significantly influenced by the raster angle, which demonstrates that tensile strength
declines with increasing raster angle. A raster angle of 0° may offer greater tensile strength but also more brittleness. While a
45° raster angle loses stiffness and tensile strength, it enables for greater elongation. The best raster angle should be chosen
taking into account the required balance between strength, flexibility, and other important characteristics for the particular
application. Parts constructed with a 90° raster angle had decreased stiffness and tensile strength [18] . Thetensile strengthis
significantly affected by raster angle. As the raster angle is changed from 0 -45 -90 thetensilestrengthgoesondecreasing.At
0° raster angle, all fibers are deposited parallel to the loading direction, allowing them to bear higher load since the impact of
fiber bonding is minimized. When the raster angle is 90°, all of the fibers are deposited perpendicular to the tensile stress,
resulting in lesser strength. Tensile stress and failure occur at a 45° raster angle owing to shear between the fibers and fiber
fracture [16]. When the raster angle is changed from 0° to 90° level, the tensilestrength firstdecreasesandthenincreases [17].

Fig-5: Raster Angle
5.8. Raster Width
In 3D printing, raster width refers to the width of each individual line, or "raster," deposited by the printer nozzle during the
printing process. It is often referred to as line width or extrusion width. It determines how much material is extruded and
deposited with each pass of the printing nozzle. A greater amount of material is deposited with a larger raster width, resulting
in thicker printed lines. In contrast, a narrower raster width indicates that less material is deposited, resulting in thinner
printed lines [18]. It is observed that as raster width increases,tensilestrengthdecreases [17].Highertensilestrengthhasbeen
obtained with a higher value of the raster width [16, 20]. Fig 6 shows the raster width along with raster to air gap [19].
Fig-6: Raster Width
6. Composite material and reinforcements
Sithiprumnea Due et al. performed research on the creation and use of ABS/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite filaments in
FDM 3D printing, demonstrating that the additionofCNTsimprovesthethermal stability,modulusofelasticity,and mechanical
properties of the composite filaments, suggesting their potential asmaterialsfor FDM3Dprintingandhighlighting theneedfor
further optimization of printing parameters and exploration of other properties like elastic modulus [21]. Thai-Hund Le et.al.
demonstrated that the incorporationofMWCNTsintoABSfilamentsforFDM3Dprintingimprovedthethermal andmechanical
properties of the composite, with uniform distribution of MWCNTs observed, suggesting their potential forhigh-performance
functional parts, although further research is required for process optimization and long-term stability evaluation [22]. The
study demonstrates how adding reinforcement materials, increasing reinforcement content, improving part orientation, and
modifying infill patterns and densities can improve the mechanical properties of compositepartsmadeusingfused deposition
modelling (FDM) technology. This highlights the potential of FDM for creating composite parts with improved mechanical
properties through process parameter optimization [23]. This study examines how process variables affect the mechanical
characteristics of Nylon-Aramid composites made using FDM. The Taguchi method is used to optimize variables like nozzle
temperature and infill density, which leads to improved tensile and flexural strength due to improved interfacial bondingand
optimized microstructure [24]. This review highlights the effects of printing parameters, material properties, and composite

filaments on product strength, stiffness, and other mechanical properties while highlighting the need for furtheroptimization
to improve the mechanical properties of FDM-printed parts. It also offers an overview of research on the production of
metal/polymer composite filaments [25].
7. Conclusion
In this review paper, enhanced comprehension of the effects of FDM process parameters and linked features parts printed by
FDM were formed. These process parameters are regarded as essential because the printed part surface quality, strengths,
aesthetics and overall efficiency of the FDM process is determined by them. Various processing parameter’s effects have been
evaluated, and one of them, it is noticeable that orientation of parts to be printed is considered to be an inevitable factor in
determining the mechanical strength of part. It is observedthatinfill density playsa dominatingpartindecidingthe weightand
cost of the material to be printed, there is a huge possibility for doing research activity in these parameters as the present
examination are mainly conducted for the value’s standard values and types. It is seen that infill pattern plays a main role in
deciding the mechanical strength and generally it is maximum for symmetrical structures. It is evident that layer height has a
notable influence on material usage and quality of printing. The fundamental variables are receiving great deal of attention
from researchers, yet numerous unknown factors must still be looked into as they have the potential to have a big impact on
both the effectiveness of the procedure and the quality of the final output. The lack of substantial literature support regarding
the impact of environmental factors like temperature, humidity, filament manufacturing conditions suggests a considerable
opportunity for further research in this particular field.
REFERENCES
[1] Lalit Kumar, Qamar Tanveer, Vineet Kumar, Mohd Javaid, Abid Haleem; Developing low-cost printers
[2] Vishal N. Patel, Kamlesh P. Kadia; Parametric Optimization of The Process of Fused Deposition Modeling in Rapid
Prototyping Technology- A Review
[3] Rupinder Singh Sunpreet Singh Karan Mankotia;DevelopmentofABSbased wireasfeedstock filamentofFDMforindustrial
applications
[4] Dhinesh S.K., Arun Prakash S., Senthil Kumar K.L., Megalingam A.; Study on flexural and tensile behavior of PLA, ABS and
PLA-ABS materials
[5] Ashish R. Prajapati, Harshit K. Dave, and Harit K. Raval; An Experimental Study on Mechanical, Thermal and Flame-
Retardant Properties of 3D-Printed Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
[6] Leipeng Yanga, Shujuan Lia, , Xing Zhoub , Jia Liua , Yan Lia , Mingshun Yanga , Qilong Yuana , Wei Zhangb;Effects of carbon
nanotube on the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of PLA/CNT printed parts in the FDM process
[7] Ruben Bayu Kristiawan, Fitrian Imaduddin*, Dody Ariawan, Ubaidillah, and Zainal Arifin: A review on thefuseddeposition
modeling (FDM) 3D printing: Filament processing, materials, and printing parameters
[8] Amir Rostami, Moshen Masoomi, Mohammad.J.Fayazi,MehdiVahdati;Roleofmultiwalledcarbonnanotubes(MWCNTs)on
rheological, thermal and electrical properties of PC/ABS blend
[9] Dinesh Yadav , Deepak Chhabra , Ramesh Kumar Garg , Akash Ahlawat , Ashish Phogat; Optimization of FDM 3D printing
process parameters for multi-material using artificial neural network
[10] H. Kürşad Sezer⁎, Oğulcan Eren; FDM 3D printing of MWCNT re-inforced ABS nano-composite parts with enhanced
mechanical and electrical properties
[11] Vinaykumar S Jatti, Savita V Jatti, Akshaykumar P. Patel, Vijaykumar S. Jatti; A Study on Effect of Fused Deposition
Modeling Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties
[12] Harshit K Dave, Naushil H Patadiya, Ashish R Prajapati and Shilpesh R Rajpurohit; Effect of infill pattern and infill density
at varying part orientation on tensile properties of fused deposition modelling-printed poly-lactic acid part
[13] Vinaykumar S Jatti, Savita V Jatti, Akshaykumar P. Patel, VijaykumarS.JattiAStudy onEffectofFusedDepositionModeling
Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties

[14] Ashish R. Prajapati, Harshit K. Dave, Harit K. Raval;Influence of fiber rings on impact strength of 3D printed fiber
reinforcement polymer composite
[15] Harshit K. Dave, Brijesh H. Patel,Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit,Ashish R. Prajapati,Dumitru Nedelcu;Effectof multi‑infill patterns
on tensile behavior of FDM printed parts
[16] Shilpesh R.Rajpurohit and Harshit K.Dave;Tensile Strength of 3D Printed PLA Part (Advances in Additive Manufacturing
and Joining)
[17] Harshit K. Dave, Ashish R. Prajapati, Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit, Naushil H. Patadiya and Harit K. Raval; Open hole tensile
testing of 3D printed parts using in-house fabricated PLA filament
[18] Harshit K. Dave, Ashish R. Prajapati , Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit , Naushil H. Patadiya & Harit K. Rava ;Investigation on tensile
strength and failure modes of FDM printed using in-house fabricated PLA filament
[19] Shilpesh R.Rajpurohit and Harshit K.Dave;Advances in Additive Manufacturing and Tooling
[20] Ashish R. Prajapati, Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit, Naushil H. Patadiya, Harshit K. Dave; Analysis of Compressive Strength of 3D
Printed PLA Part
[21] Sithiprumnea Dul, Luca Fambri and Alessandro Pegoretti; Filaments Production and Fused Deposition Modelling of
ABS/Carbon Nanotubes Composites
[22] Thai-Hung Le, Van-Son Le, Quoc-Khanh Dang , Minh-Thuyet Nguyen, Trung-Kien Le and Ngoc-Tam Bui; Microstructure
Evaluation and Thermal–Mechanical Properties of ABS Matrix Composite Filament Reinforced with Multi-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes by a Single Screw Extruder for FDM 3D Printing
[23] Filip Gorski, Wiesław Kuczko, Radosław Wichniarek and Adam Hamrol; Mechanical properties of composite parts
manufactured in FDM technology
[24] Nagendra,M. S. Ganesha Prasad ;FDM Process Parameter Optimization by Taguchi Technique for Augmenting the
Mechanical Properties of Nylon–Aramid Composite Used as Filament Material
[25] Ümit Çevik and Menderes Kam; A Review Study on Mechanical Properties of Obtained Products by FDM Method and
Metal/Polymer Composite Filament Production

A review on different process parameters in FDM and their effects on various required outputs

More Related Content

Similar to A review on different process parameters in FDM and their effects on various required outputs (20)

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

A review on different process parameters in FDM and their effects on various required outputs