A Review on Reversible Data Hiding Scheme by Image Contrast Enhancement

Khushboo Lapa Patwari et al..Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 9, (Part -3) September 2016, pp.89-93
www.ijera.com 89 | P a g e
A Review on Reversible Data Hiding Scheme by Image Contrast
Enhancement
Khushboo Lapa Patwari*, Ranjana Batham**
*(P. G. Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication, SVCST, RGPV University, Bhopal,
India
** (Department of Electronics and Communication, SVCST, RGPV University, Bhopal, India
ABSTRACT
In present world demand of high quality images, security of the information on internet is one of the most
important issues of research. Data hiding is a method of hiding a useful information by embedding it on another
image (cover image) to provide security and only the authorize person is able to extract the original information
from the embedding data. This paper is a review which describes several different algorithms for Reversible
Data Hiding (RDH). Previous literature has shown that histogram modification, histogram equalization (HE) and
interpolation are the most common methods for data hiding. To improve security these methods are used in
encrypted images. This paper is a comprehensive study of all the major reversible data hiding approaches
implemented as found in the literature.
.Keywords: Contrast enhancement, Data hiding, Data security, Histogram equalization (HE), Reversible data
hiding (RDH), Watermarking.
I. INTRODUCTION
Data hiding is a technique for embedding
information into covers such as image, audio, and
video files, which can be used for media notation,
copyright protection, integrity authentication, covert
communication, etc. Most data hiding methods
embed messages into the cover media to generate the
marked media by only modifying the least
significant part of the cover and, thus, ensure
perceptual transparency. The embedding process
will usually introduce permanent distortion to the
cover, that is, the original cover can never be
reconstructed from the marked cover. However, in
some applications, such as medical imagery, military
imagery, and law forensics, no degradation of the
original cover is allowed. In these cases, we need a
special kind of data hiding method, which is referred
to as reversible data hiding (RDH) or lossless data
hiding, by which the original cover can be lossless
restored after the embedded message is extracted.
Fig.1 shows Simple model of Reversible data hiding
(RDH) Message this can be done by selecting an
encryption key which is use to encrypt the original
information after encrypting the information data
hiding key is used and this data hiding key is
embedded on the encrypted information with the
help of data hider block and this encrypted
information containing embedded data is send on the
channel .This will received by image Decryption that
will decrypt the received data and by this decrypt
information the original information is extracted by
performing the reverse operation by using the same
Encrypt key .
Fig. 1 Simple model of Reversible data hiding
(RDH) Message
Recently, reversible data embedding
techniques have drawn more and more interest.
Existing methods can be classified according to the
techniques associated with restoration. Some of the
approaches rely on lossless compression to exploit
the redundant space created by the compression
operation The existing reversible data hiding
algorithms, including some newest schemes, have
been classified into three categories: 1) Those
developed for fragile authentication; 2) Those
developed for achieving high data embedding
capacity; 3) Those developed for semi-fragile
authentication. In each category, some prominent
representatives are selected. To evaluate the
performance of a RDH algorithm, the hiding rate
and the marked image quality are important metrics.
There exists a trade-off between them because
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

increasing the hiding rate often causes more
distortion in image content. To measure the
distortion, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR)
value of the marked image is often calculated.
Generally speaking, direct modification of image
histogram provides less embedding capacity. In
contrast, the more recent algorithms manipulate the
more centrally distributed prediction errors by
exploiting the correlations between neighboring
pixels so that less distortion is caused by data hiding.
Basic RDH technique used in different areas are:
PWLC data hiding technique, DHTC data hiding
technique, Anti colony optimization. In this paper
section second covers the review on work of
different researchers and scholars in the field RDH.
Section third and forth gives the conclusion and
future work and section five presents the references
had been considered for the work.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A number of researchers and scholars
proposed different data hiding technique. Reference
[1] proposed a reversible data hiding method for
natural images. In this paper for hiding an image
multilevel histogram modification is used. This is far
better as compare to one or two level histogram
modification technique here secret data is embedded
in differences of adjacent pixels values and gives a
better quality results. In reference [2] an image is
slightly modified the gray scale value to embed
information in to the image by using histogram
modification which select the zero point and the
maximum point to modify the image. The algorithm
used here is reversible data hiding based on
histogram modification. Reference [3] proposes to
use the quad-tree segmentation for increasing the
hiding capacity of the reversible image data hiding
scheme that embeds secret data through shifting the
histogram of image pixels. In this paper a
hierarchical segmentation is done on the input host
image and converts it into several variable-sized
blocks of pixels. These partitioned blocks are
organized as a tree structure for the ease of
representation. The secret message and the partition
tree information are then embedded in these image
blocks. With the proposed segmentation scheme, the
algorithm can easily find a suitable non-overlapped
partition of the image to significantly increase
embedding capacity.
Reference [4] shows that the quality of an
image after extracting from the hiding data is one of
the important aspect which is usually assessed using
image quality metrics. In this paper, a new FR
metric, Image Enhancement Metric (IEM) is
proposed which has been observed that the only
metric that can be used for general and medical
images for assessing improvement in contrast and
sharpness is IEM. Standard Deviation also increases
with increase in contrast and sharpness. So IEM
together with SD may be considered useful for
assessing quality of the enhanced image with respect
to contrast and sharpness variations. Reference [5]
describes a novel and fully reversible data
embedding algorithm for digital images is proposed.
And the proposed algorithms are used to enhance
their payload capacity. In this paper contrast
stretching is used to produce space for hide the
information without affecting the quality of image.
For extremely important images, such as those used
in medical, legal or military environment, the
technique is very useful. Reference [6] presents a
review on the different image contrast enhancement
techniques. Image enhancement is a processing on
an image in order to make it more appropriate for
certain applications. Image Enhancement techniques
increase the contrast of image which is result
produce better picture. There are many image
contrast enhancement techniques like Linear
Starching, Histogram Equalization, Adaptive
Histogram Equalization, Convolution Mask
Enhancement and Enhancement by Point Processing.
This paper focuses on the comparative study of
contrast enhancement techniques with special
reference to local and global enhancement
techniques.
In reference [7] a Novel method is
proposed by reserving room before encryption with
a traditional RDH algorithm. It maintains the
excellent property that the original image can be
lossless recovered after embedded data is extracted
while protecting the image content’s privacy. An
algorithm on Reversible Data Hiding on images and
data, not only enhances the data transmission but
also data security. In reference [8] proposed scheme
introduces a lossless recovery with visible digital
watermarking technology. In this paper the hiding
and recovering the information without loss is
achieved by histogram shifting and also resolving
the destruction of original images in visible digital
watermark, and solving small amount of information
hidden problems. Reference [9], this paper presents
is a review on RDH reversible data hiding technique.
This paper shows that there are difference methods
like expansion, interpolation technique, prediction
and sorting, histogram modification for data hiding
which is now used in encrypted images to improve
security. Different RDH algorithms have their own
merits and no single approach is optimal and
applicable to all cases. This paper is a
comprehensive exploration of all the major
reversible data hiding approaches and also presents a
new method RDH by reserving room before
encryption.
Reference [10], proposed a new reversible
data hiding method with the functionality of contrast
enhancement has been developed for medical

images. In this paper automatic background
segmentation is conducted so as to differentiate the
region-of-interest (ROI) from background and the
contrast of ROI can be selectively enhanced to
improve the visual distortion so that better visual
quality and more contrast enhancement effects can
be achieved. Reference [11], proposed a new method
for improving both data hiding rate as well as data
embedding capacity by extending the work to color
images. In this method data are embedded into the
three different layers of color images i.e. red, green
and blue. For extracting the hidden data from the
image, peak values of the highest two bins in the
histogram into which the data is embedded are
stored in the last 16 excluded bits in the image. Data
hiding can be extended to video as future work. Also
improving the PSNR value of the extracted image
can also be considered in the future works.
Reference [12], presents a review on existing
technique it has been shown that the existing
algorithms has neglected the following issues like
medical and satellite images for the better visibility.
Moreover the value of L is taken statistically which
has limited the scope of the reversible data hiding
algorithm. Therefore to overcome these issues, a
new reversible data hiding algorithm by using the
ant colony optimization technique can be proposed
to overcome these issues.
Reference [13] presents a review on current
Image Steganography trends with focus on Spatial
Domain Techniques. This paper focused on spatial
domain techniques since they are offering a higher
payload while satisfiably meeting the other
requirements. It also compares various techniques to
ensure which is the best one to implement and also
discussed some advantages as well as disadvantages
comparing various methods. Reference [14] presents
a review on data hiding scheme for encrypted image
using space pre allocation. This paper presents a
survey of previously used techniques considering all
the facts, merits and also the demerits. Data hacking
is a very big problem in the network field; RDH
maintains the excellent property that the original
cover can be recovered lossless after embedded data
is extracted. It provides image content’s
confidentiality, security and authentication.
Reference [15] mainly focused on digital gray scale
images. The proposed algorithm used here is RDH
for data hiding. The two main accepts of this paper
is the image quality and security and also the
decreased bandwidth which can be obtain by
performing histogram equalization. The data is
embedded in the image, compressed and encrypted
using chaotic encryption such that the data and
image are completely recoverable.
Reference [16] this paper proposes the
DHE method where we would preserve the data in
an image with a high secure value and which is free
from other side effects. For storing the data a color
image is used rather than a gray scale image because
the factor of storing huge amount of data while
considering the bit value of grey scale with RGB
image to achieve the enhance and highly secure data.
Reference [17] proposed Exemplar based in painting
algorithm which is efficient reconstructing the large
target regions. Image in painting can generate or
create image regions that initially do not exist at all,
based on the useful information in the close
neighborhood. The visual distortion and error
diffusion caused by the progressive compression is
controlled by the Vector quantization. After
segmenting the image compressed codes into a
series of sections by the indicator bits, the receiver
can achieve the extraction of secret bits and image
decompression successfully according to the index
values in the segmented sections. Reference [18]
presents reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithm is
proposed for digital images. To improve the visual
quality of the host image, an algorithm is proposed
to enhance the contrast of the host image. XOR
encryption and decryption algorithms are also used
to improve security of the hidden data.
In reference [19] a new reversible data
hiding algorithm has been proposed with the
property of contrast enhancement.. The proposed
method can take advantage of all traditional RDH
techniques for plain images and achieve excellent
performance without loss of perfect secrecy. For
better visibility improving the algorithm and
applying it to the medical and satellite images
becomes the part of the system. Reference [20] is a
survey paper on Reversible Image Data Hiding. The
proposed algorithm has made the image contrast
enhancement reversible
III. CONCLUSION
In this paper shows the review on existing
techniques here the main aim is to propose a new
robust reversible data hiding algorithm to overcome
these issues concept is to hide the data to provide the
security for that the original image can be exactly
recovered without any additional information.
IV. FUTURE WORK
This technology finds many applications in
the advance machinery so better performance is
expected in the future with the development and
research in this field. A number of developments can
be performing on this technology in the following
fields:
1. In medical and satellite images for the better
visibility.
2. In the area were security becomes the concern
area.

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