Tree domestication strategies for Allanblackia species; a potential high valued tree crop for Africa
Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes709 views
This document discusses strategies for domesticating Allanblackia species, an underexploited high-value tree crop for Africa. It details the uses, production levels, oil properties and demand for Allanblackia oil. Wild harvesting is unsustainable, so domestication is needed. A public-private partnership is working on domestication, including germplasm collection, propagation methods, integration into farming systems, and market development. Sensitization of farmers is important for their participation. Research is exploring seed germination, vegetative propagation, genetic variation and setting up genebanks and mother blocks for domestication of multiple Allanblackia species.
Tree domestication strategies for Allanblackia species; a potential high valued tree crop for Africa
- 1. Tree domestication strategies for Allanblackia species; a potential high valued tree crop for Africa D. Ofori, M. Munjuga, E. Asaah, Zac. Tchoundjeu,T. Peprah, R. Jamnadass,T. Simons ICRAF Seminar – 15th January 2013
- 4. Uses of Allanblackia spp. Region Community Oil Medicine Shade Timber BA A. Kwahu BA A. Kyenkyenhene + + BA K. Adjeikrom + + ER Kyebi Apapam + ER K. Adadientem + WR Bisaaso + WR Nkrankrom + WR Kamaso + + WR Manso Amenfi + +
- 5. Production levels 120 fruits /tree 40 kg of seeds/tree 12 kg oil/tree
- 6. Oil properties High content of stearic and oleic acids Begins to melt > 35oC Requires less processing
- 7. Demand for Allanblackia oil Huge market for Allanblackia oil Received EU certification as safe in food Current demand exceeds 100,000 t/year Unilever ≈ 30,000- 40,000 t/yr Current supply is only about 210t oil/yr Wild harvesting unsustainable Need for domestication
- 8. PPP - Novella partnership SNV: Facilitation of stakeholder collaboration UNILEVER: Funding & market development ICRAF: Domestication (selection, propagation & germplasm conservation), Novel International: Supply chain, marketing, multiplication and distribution IUCN: Best practices for biodiversity conservation Farmers: Production in smallholder agroforestry systems NARS RSSDA, FORM Ghana MSBP, MTU, SLU Nutriswish
- 9. Main components of AB domestication Sensitization and encouragement of farmers to participate in AB domestication Range-wide germplasm collection, development of propagation methods and gene conservation Ecology, abundance and sustainable harvesting Integration of AB in farming systems and Agroforestry development Facilitate development of marketing networks and supply chain
- 10. Sensitization of farmers 2 1 3 4 5
- 11. Participatory tree domestication Farmer participation in survey to identify and selection of good mother stocks Boosts up the interest of farmers to implement domestication programmes
- 12. Reproductive biology Female flowers •Real genetic differences? •Quality of oil? •Quantity of oil? Male flowers
- 13. Variation in fruit shape
- 14. Diversity in fruit size – 58 trees selected Axis 2 NEN 4 NEN 6 NK 2 TIA 14 WA 4 MH3 WAM K 5 GB 10 TIA 7 NB 3 DB 2 NEN 16 NEN 21 TIA 3 NK 9 AK 2 TIA 17 K5 TIA 2 NK 7 TIA 6 DB 4 GB 12 LAHO 2 NEN 9 NK 6 MH1 NEN 22 WR 11 AY 1 TIA 4 MN 3 WAM K 14 B 21 WAM K 1 NZA 40 NB 1 SA 1 NZA 2 SA 48 NZA 24 DB 9 NEN 19 B 4 NZA 1 B 22 K 2 B 17 NEN 14 MH4 MA 4 DM 4 NZA 3 NEN 27 M N 1 NEN 18 2 KW WAM K 8 M H 2 M N 4 LAHO 4 ASN 11 TIA 9 WAM K 3 LAHO 3 WAM K 15 Axis 1 B1 GB 34 NZA 11 AK 1 NEN 29 OT 7 LAHO 5 NEN 20 WH 1 ASN 12 AFS 3 KW 1 DM 2 N 2 WAM K 4 NEN 30 NZA 26 GB 11 BM K 13 NEN 25 DM 1 NB 1 B 19 TIA 13 BS 1 B 13 B 10 WA 6 SA 2 NEN 28 DB 12 B 11 WAM K 7 WAM K 2 OT 3 MA 1 NEN 23 LAHO 1 B 20 WA 2 B 9 NEN 11 B 6 WAM K 6 TIA 1 AWA 2 ATB 1 OT 1 NEN 24 B 23 NZA 12 MH5 D6 NZA 31 B 24 OT 5 AFS 1 WAM K 9 NEN 26
- 15. Oil content as index for plus tree selection Correlation to: Flower colour? Fruit shape?
- 16. Germination on nursery bed (24 months)
- 17. Testa removed vrs intact seeds(12 months)
- 18. Germination in polythene bags
- 19. Seed germination in polythene bags 80 70 60 50 % germination Black 40 Plain 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (months)
- 20. Environmental conditions on seed germination in Tanzania (longuza. - 25-35 oC; Kwamkoro – 16-25 oC)
- 21. Germination of seed sections
- 22. Treatment Rooting and Rooting Total dead/ % germinated shooting only Not germinated (90 days results) Proximal sections ( in black polythene 89 - 111 45 material) Proximal sections ( in plain polythene 131 - 69 66 material) Proximal sections (in plain polythene - - - - material further placed in black polythene Longitudinal sections ( in black polythene 82 51 67 41 material) Longitudinal sections ( in plain polythene 95 60 73 48 material) Proximal sections (sown in sand) Nil Nil 200 Nil Longitudinal sections (sown in sand) Nil Nil 200 Nil Whole seed in black polythene material 48 68 84 24 Whole seed placed in plain polythene 51 78 71 26 material Whole seeds in plain polythene material 32 69 99 17 in black
- 23. Effect of growth media (18 months) 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 Top soil AB soil 1 2 Effect of source of soil on growth and development of Allanblackia seedlings; a = differences in height (cm) growth and b = differences in leaf size and colour. Trees labeled 1 were grown in soil under Allanblackia tree and be without soil from Allanblackia tree.
- 24. Propagation by cuttings 70 60.4 60 52 50 % Rooting 40 38 30 30 20 10 0 0 0 cm2 7.5 cm2 12.5cm2 25 cm2 50 cm2 Leaf area (cm2)
- 25. Propagation by cuttings Reject Accept and plant
- 26. Effect of shade on rooting
- 27. Tissue culture
- 28. Tissue culture – Effect of different media Type of media No. of explants Survival rate % Anderson’s medium 18 22.22 Whites medium 18 27.78 Murashige and skoog 18 33.33 Preece medium 18 55.56 Quoirin & Lepoivre 18 61.11 Gamborg 18 61.11 Driver & Kiniyuki 18 66.67 Lloyde & McCown 18 88.87 (WPM)
- 30. Decentralized distribution pathways RRC Research nursery Field planting Satellite nursery
- 31. Goal is to ensure proper exchange and delivery of germplasm to farmers satellite nursery satellite satellite satellite nursery nursery nursery satellite satellite nursery satellite nursery nursery satellite nursery satellite Rural nursery Resource Centre satellite Local commercial nursery nursery satellite satellite farmer’s nursery nursery farmer’s fields fields satellite nursery
- 32. Flowering and fruiting age of A. floribunda Type of Year No. planted Age (yrs) % flowered % fruited germplasm planted and date and date Seedlings 2005 48 7 11 % 0% Cuttings 2006 48 6 0% 0% Grafts 2007 55 5 33 % 18% Marcots 2010 16 2 0% 0%
- 33. Current status of AB flowering & fruiting, Mbalmayo, Cameroon Flowering male AB tree of seedling origin 6 young AB fruits on graft
- 34. Mother block in Ghana
- 35. Mother block Date No. fruits per Progeny planted planted No. flowered No. fruited plant AFS1 Jun-08 12 0 0 TIA3 Jun-08 12 0 0 NE 19 Jun-08 12 0 0 NE 6 Jun-08 12 1 1 2 AFS3 Jun-08 12 3 0 APS1 Jun-08 12 2 0 WA4 Jun-08 12 0 0 NE14 Jun-08 12 2 1 3 WANK 3 Jun-08 12 2 0 WA 6 Jun-08 12 3 1 2
- 36. Genebank of A. parviflora -Ghana
- 37. Flowering and fruiting of A. parviflora Progeny Date planted No. planted No. No. of Sex flowered fruits KA 14 2007 6 1 2 Female SA 34 2007 6 1 3 Female AKO 3 2007 6 3 Male KAP16 2007 6 1 5 Female MH1 2007 6 1 1 Female K5 2007 6 1 1 Female B13 2007 6 1 22 Female B4 2007 6 1 18 Female NK2 2007 6 1 7 Female N2 2007 6 1 1 Female B16 2007 6 1 79 Female N2 2007 6 1 Male AP5 2007 6 1 Male AKO 3 2007 6 1 Male
- 38. Genebank Of A. stuhlmanii - Tanzania
- 39. Marketing ◦ Novel International formed to develop supply chain and coordinate market development ◦ Market assurance ◦ Size of potential market Tun is ia M or occo A lge r ia Lib ya Egy pt ra ha a .S W M a ur ita nia M a li Nige r Eritre a Se ne ga l C ha d Suda n Bu rkina Fa s o D jibo uti Gu ine a Nige ria Ethiopia oon Sie r ra Le one Gh a na C en tra l A frican C a m er # ## # # Lib e ria Re pub lic # # ### # ## # ## ## # a a li # # # m C ongo Ug an da Ke n ya So Ga b on C ongo D R # # # Ta nz a nia # # # K ey # # S p e c ie s lo c a tio n p o in t C o un tr y w ith s tu d y s ite s A ngola C o un tr y b o un d a r y Za m b ia La k e s ar M oz a m b iqu e a sc Zim ba bw e d ag Na m ib ia Bots w a na Ma Sw a z ila n d South A frica
- 40. Allanblackia oil mill - Tanzania
- 42. Further work Tissue culture Mechanical coat removal Link of morphology to oil quality and quantity Seed and seedling distribution system Growth architecture of different propagule types Development of planting models Flowering and fruiting dynamics
- 43. Thank you very much for your attention