Abhay batch Class 9 Digraj Sir first class youtube(2).docx
- 1. Economics |People as Resource People asResource Human CapitalLeadstoEconomic Growth Economic ActivitiesPerform QualityofPopulation Unemployment byMenandWomen ● Primary ● Health ● Secondary ● Education ● Tertiary
- 2. Economics |People as Resource Overview People asResource ?? ‘HumanResources’ Population, wheninvestedinthroughEducation, trainingandhealthcare,transforminto humanCapital, whichcontribute significantlytothe Economy, muchlikePhysical Capital. Human Resource as anAsset→ GNP Impactof HumanCapital → GreenRevolution&IT Revolutions Casestudiesof Sakal&Vilas The cycle ofHumanCapitalformation → Virtuouscycle V/S Vicious cycle Economic Activities ByMen AndWomen ThreeMainsectors Secondary (Manufacturing) Tertiary (Trade /Education/Health) MarketvsNon-MarketActivities Market -profit Non-market -selfconsumption Women'sEmployment Men -Paidwork, Earnsmoneyfor the family (Insecure job, Paidlower than Women -Domestic Activities (Exception*) men,Poorlegal protection) (Role of Education)
- 4. Economics |People as Resource QualityofPopulation Factors -Literacyrates, life expectancy&skill formation. Education Health •MaximizingProductivity Importance Government Challenges Importance •ReduceInfantMortality •EnhancedIndividualopportunities •NavodayaVidyalaya, •Poorschoolingquality Challenges •IncreasedLifeExpectancy •ContributestoNationalIncome vocationalStreams •HighDropoutrates •Regionaldisparityinavailability •SocialDevelopment •SarvaShikshaAbhiyan •Disparityinliteracyrates •Mid-daymealschemes •Infrastructure Unemployment Unemploymentexistswhen people willingtowork but not able tofindthe work Seasonal Unemployment (whenthe employment isavailableonlyfor aparticularseason) Types (whenmore people work thantheactualnumberof people needed) DisguisedUnemployment (whenevengraduates&postgraduatesstruggle tofindsuitable jobs) EducatedUnemployment ➢ Wastageof HumanResources Migration and employmentinothersectors Impact ➢ Increase economic overload (Primary,Secondary&Tertiarysector) ➢ Poverty ➢ Decline inhealth and education ➢ Socialissues-Hopelessness, feelingofdespair
- 5. Economics |People as Resource KeyWords People as aResource : "People as aResource’ MarketActivities : Economic activitiesare alsoknown as meansthinkingofthe people in acountryas marketactivities.These activitiesare donefor earning important because of the skillsand abilities moneyorprofit.Theyinclude makinggoodsorproviding theyhave to work and helpthe countrygrow. services, andthisincludes evenjobsinthe government. Just like other resources,peopleare alsoa valuable resource, calledhuman resources." Sarva ShikshaAbhiyan: "‘Sarva ShikshaAbhiyan’isa bigplan tomakesure allchildrenbetweensixandfourteenyearsold 'HumanCapital Formation' : Whenpeople get geta basiceducation.The government, alongwithlocal more education,training, andhealthcare,they communities, workedtogetherto achieve this goal. become healthier andsmarter.Thishelpsthem dotheir jobsbetterandmakesthe country stronger.Thisis called "humancapital." Unemployment: "Unemployment happenswhen people who wanttowork andare readyto workatnormalpaycan'tfinda job.The workinggroup includespeoplebetween15 and59 GDP: GDPisthe total value ofall the things a yearsold.Ifsomeone isyounger than15or olderthan 59and countrymakes,like food, toys,or cars,andthe doesn'thave ajob,theyarenot consideredunemployed. servicesitprovides,like teachingor healthcare.It showshowmuchmoneya countryismakingin one year.AhigherGDP meansthe countryis Infant MortalityRate: Infantmortalityrate (IMR)is a doingbetter. measure ofhowmanybabiesdie before theyreach theirfirst birthday, outof every1,000 babiesbornina certainyear.
- 6. Economics |People as Resource KeyWords Virtuous Cycle: Educatedparentsspendmoneyand effort tomake sure their children getgoodeducation andskills.The childrenunderstandhowimportant educationis anddo wellinschool.This helps the DisguisedUnemployment : Incase of disguised unemployment,people appear tobe employed,butare actuallynotemployed.Itismostlyfound inagriculture. familygetbetter jobsandsucceed, andthe cycle continueswiththe nextgeneration. Seasonal Unemployment: Seasonalunemploymenthappens ViciousCycle: Uneducatedparents don't see the importance ofeducation, sotheydon't spendontheir whenpeople are not able tofindjobsduringsome monthsof the year.Itismostlyfound in agrobasedindustriesandfound bothinrural areasaswell asinurbanareas. children's schooling.The childrengrowupwithout good educationor skills.Thismakesit harder forthemtoget goodjobs, andthe cycle keepsrepeating. BirthRate : isthe number of babiesbornfor every1,000 peopleduringaparticular periodof time. LiteracyRate: Literacyrateis ameasure of how many peoplecanreadandwrite ina particular area,usuallya countryor region. It isshownasapercentage.Ifa countryhasa highliteracyrate, it meansmost people there canreadandwrite. Death rate : isthe number of people per 1,000 who die during aparticular periodoftime.
- 7. Economics |People as Resource Why are people of a country referred as resource? ● "People asResource" meanslookingat theskills andabilitiesof workersina country. ● These workershelp the countrycreate goodsandservices,whichcontributetothe country'swealth. ● Just like naturalresources(like water orland), people are alsoa valuable resource called "human resources."
- 8. Economics |People as Resource How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital? ● Unlikelandor other resources,whichare limited,peoplecanimprove througheducationandhealth. ● People can use andimprove other resources,but other resourcescan'tchange orimpact people. ● People can make landandcapital useful. Ontheir own, landandcapitalcan'tdoanythingwithout peopleto use them.
- 9. Economics |People as Resource What does quality of population imply? ● Howgood acountry's people aredependson howmanycanreadandwrite, howhealthytheyare, how longtheylive, andthe skillstheyhave learned. ● The betterthe people, the faster the countrycan grow. ● If people are healthyandcanreadandwrite, theyhelpthecountry.If theyare sick or can't read, they make itharderfor the countrytogrow.
- 10. Economics |People as Resource What is the role of education in human capital formation? ● Investmentin educationof humanresource resultsin the formation ofhumancapital. ● One canearnhigherincome because ofhigher productivityof the more educatedor bettertrained persons,thuscontributingtowardshumancapital formation. ● Investmentin humanresource via educationand medicalcare cangive higher ratesofreturninthe future.
- 11. Economics |People as Resource What is the role of health in human capital formation? ● Health sector development canprove usefulfor the economy. ● Healthier the people,the more theywork,andthe moretheyproduce andearn. ● Asitissaid, 'HealthisWealth';a healthyperson'scapacitytowork increases andhebecomesmore productive andhence,earns more.
- 12. Economics |People as Resource Explain any five effects of unemployment in India. (i) Lossof humanresources: Whenpeople are unemployed,theyspend alot of time lookingfora jobinstead of usingtheir skillsto helpthe country. (ii) Increaseinpoverty:Whenpeople don’thave jobs, theydon’t earnmoney.Withoutmoney,theybecome poor. (iii) Socialproblems:Unemploymentcanleadtobadthings like lying,stealing, or cheatingbecause people are unhappyandstruggling. (iv)Political instability: Whenmanypeople can’tfindjobs, theymaylose trustinthe government andmay become angry, whichcancause problemsinthe country. (v)Exploitationoflabour:Unemployedpeoplewhodoget jobsmight be treatedbadly,workingintough conditions and gettingpaidverylittle.