Active learning refers to techniques where students are actively engaged in the learning process through activities like discussion, problem-solving, presentations, and group work. It is based on the assumptions that learning is an active process and people learn in different ways. Some goals of active learning include developing communication and collaboration skills as well as encouraging student responsibility for learning. Examples of active learning methods include think-pair-share, collaborative learning groups, games, and student debates. Research shows that active learning is more effective than passive listening, as it increases the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching while providing opportunities for students to apply skills and explore their own thinking.