adaptivecruisecontrol-Abhi ppt1
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This document presents information on adaptive cruise control (ACC). It begins with an introduction defining ACC as a system that assists drivers in maintaining a safe distance from the vehicle in front. It then discusses the various sensors used by ACC like radar and LIDAR to detect distance and speed of other vehicles. The document also provides block diagrams illustrating how ACC uses sensor data to control braking and acceleration. It concludes by discussing future advanced versions of ACC that allow vehicle-to-vehicle communication to further coordinate speeds.
adaptivecruisecontrol-Abhi ppt1
- 1. A PRESENTATION ON ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL 2015-2016 SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:- Mr. RAVI UCHENIYA ABHISHEK KUMAR PANDEY (ASS.PROFESSOR,EE DEPTT.) BRANCH-EE(12EJEEE302) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING JAIPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE SP-43, RIICO INDUSTRIAL AREA,KUKAS,JAIPUR
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction Availability Working Principle Working of Adaptive Cruise Control Block Diagram Sensors Controller Action Advantages Disadvantages Future Scope Conclusion 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION The concept of assisting driver in longitudinal vehicle control to avoid collisions is adaptive cruise control. When switched on, this device takes up the task of accelerating or braking to maintain a constant speed. An “Adaptive Cruise Control” (ACC) system developed as the next generation assisted the driver to keep a safe distance from the vehicle in front. 3
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- 5. availability ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL is a common term used for enhanced cruise control system. Depending on car maker ACC can also be called as Active Cruise Control (BMW), Distronic (MERCEDES), Dynamic Cruise Control (TOYOTA). PORSCHE PANAMERA VOLKSWAGEN PASSAT 5
- 6. Working principle ACC works by detecting the distance and speed of the vehicles ahead by using radar system. The time taken by the transmission and reception is the key of the distance measurement. The shift in frequency of the reflected beam by Doppler Effect is measured to know the speed. Depending on this speed, the brake and throttle controls are done to keep the vehicle in a safe position with respect to the other. 6
- 7. DOPPLER EFFECT Doppler Effect is the change in frequency of the waves when there is a relative motion between the transmitting and receiving units. The Doppler Effect can be categorize in two ways:- DOPPLER EFFECT HIGHER PITCH SOUND LOWER PITCH SOUND 7
- 8. HIGHER PITCH SOUND In this case the vehicle is speeding towards the stationary listener. The distance between the listener and the car is decreasing. The listener will hear a higher pitch sound from the car, which means the frequency of sound, is increased. 8
- 9. LOWER PITCH SOUND In this case the vehicle is moving away from the listener. The distance between listener and the car is increasing. The listener will hear a lower pitch sound from the car, which means the frequency of sound is decreased. So the Doppler Effect is founded in case of sound waves. 9
- 10. WORKING OF ACC The gun transmits the waves at a given frequency toward an incoming car. Reflecting waves return to the gun at a different frequency, depending on how fast the car being tracked is moving. A device in the gun compares the transmission frequency to the received frequency to determine the speed of the car. 10
- 11. We can design the chip or ACC having an algorithm such that it will give output only when the input signals are less than the corresponding safe distance value. So only when, between the car and the object in front of it is less then the same distance value the embedded system will give output to the breaking and the accelerating units. Thus the safe distance will be kept always. 11
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- 13. Block diagram obstacle detects acute brakes sense radar signal read data auto braking signal release throttle brake signal BLOCK DIAGRAM WHEN VEHICLE IS STOPPED 13 AUTO BRAKE INDICATOR RADAR SENSOR ENGINE CONTROL BRAKE ACTUATOR RADAR BRAKES CONTROLLER
- 14. actuate speed sense radar signal read data release throttle BLOCK DIAGRAM WHEN VEHICLE IS ACCELARATED 14 RADAR SPEED ACTUATOR CONTROLLER ENGINE CONTROL RADAR SENSOR
- 15. sensors SENSOR is a converter that measure physical quantity and converts it into signal which can be read by observer or by instrument. SENSOR responds to an input quantity by generating a functionally related output usually in form of electrical or optical signal. In this project three type of SENSOR can be used 15 SENSORS RADAR FUSION SENSOR LIDAR
- 16. RADAR It is an electromagnetic system for detection and location of vehicle. It operates by radiating energy into free space and detecting echo signal reflected from an object. The reflected energy is not only indicative of the presence but on comparison with the transmitted signal , other information of target can be obtained. The currently used “Pulse Doppler RADAR” uses the principle of Doppler effect in determining the velocity of target. 16
- 17. 17 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PULSE DOPPLER RADAR
- 18. FUSION SENSOR This include millimeter wave RADAR linked to a stereo type camera with a 40 degree view angle. These two parts work together to track the car from non moving object. RADAR’s target is the car rear bumper, the stereo camera is constantly captures all objects in its field of view. It was first used by Fujitsu Ltd. and Honda. 18
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- 20. LIDAR LIDAR stands for “Light Detection and Ranging”. It measure distance by illuminating laser and analyzing the reflected light. By measuring the beat frequency between frequency modulated continuous light wave and its reflection. It is of low cost and provide good resolution. Weather condition restrict its use to 30 to 40 meter range. The first ACC system used LIDAR sensor. 20
- 21. 21 RANGE ESTIMATION USING LIDAR
- 22. CONTROLLER ACTION Depending on present traffic situation two type of controller are possible: SPEED CONTROL and HEADWAY CONTROL. SPEED CONTROL: if there is no vehicle presently in front, then the speed is controlled about a set point just as in conventional cruise control. HEADWAY CONTROL: in order to keep a safe distance between the vehicle’s the headway control is required. 22
- 23. CONTROLLER FLOW CHART 23 CONTROLLING THE MECHANICAL DEVICE COMMAND GENERATOR THREAT ASSESMENT SITUATION ASSESMENT
- 24. ADVANTAGE The driver is relieved from the task of careful acceleration, deceleration and braking in congested traffic. A high responsive traffic system that adjust itself to avoid accident can be developed. Since the braking and acceleration are done in systematic way, the fuel efficiency of vehicle is increased. 24
- 25. disadvantage Cost of ACC system is very high. A high market penetration is required if a society of intelligent vehicles is to be formed. Encourages the driver to become careless, it can lead to severe accident if the system is malfunctioning. 25
- 26. Future scope 26 The advanced version of ACC is known as COOPERATIVE ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (CACC). In CACC preceding vehicle can communicate actively with the following vehicle so that their speed can be coordinated with each other.
- 27. CACC is ideal for Connected Vehicles (CV) because real-time interactions will make communications between cars, access points and traffic lights as safe and efficient as possible 27
- 28. conclusion It will probably take decades but car accident may eventually become as rare as plane accidents are now. Road laws have to be changed up to an extent since the non human part of the vehicle controlling will become predominant. 28
- 29. Any Queries? 29
- 30. Thank you… 30