Adjective lecture #8
- 2. Adjective ■ adjective ■ /ˈadʒɪktɪv/ ■ a word naming an attribute of a noun, such as sweet, red, or technical. ■ Examples: ■ I saw an old man in the street.. ■ We are collecting updated stamps. ■ I am wearing white shirt.
- 3. Degrees of adjective There are three degrees of adjectives: ■ Positive, ■ comparative, ■ superlative. These degrees are applicable only for the descriptive adjectives.
- 4. Types of Adjectives ■ Descriptive Adjectives ■ Quantitative Adjectives ■ Proper Adjectives ■ Demonstrative Adjectives ■ Possessive Adjectives ■ Interrogative Adjectives ■ Indefinite Adjectives ■ Articles ■ Compound Adjectives
- 5. Descriptive Adjectives: ■ A descriptive adjective is a word which describes nouns and pronouns. Most of the adjectives belong in this type. These adjectives provide information and attribute to the nouns/pronouns they modify or describe. Descriptive adjectives are also called qualitative adjectives. ■ Participles are also included in this type of adjective when they modify a noun. ■ Examples: ■ I have a fast car. (The word ‘fast’ is describing an attribute of the car) ■ I am hungry. (The word ‘hungry’ is providing information about the subject) ■ The hungry cats are crying. ■ I saw a flying Eagle.
- 6. Quantitative Adjectives: ■ A quantitative adjective provides information about the quantity of the nouns/pronouns. This type belongs to the question category of ‘how much’ and ‘how many’. ■ Examples: ■ I have 20 bucks in my wallet. (How much) ■ They have three children. (How many) ■ You should have completed the whole task. (How much)
- 7. Proper Adjectives: ■ Proper adjectives are the adjective form of proper nouns. When proper nouns modify or describe other nouns/pronouns, they become proper adjectives ■ Example: ■ American cars are very strong. ■ Chinese people are hard workers. ■ I love KFC burgers. ■ Marxist philosophers despise capitalism.
- 8. Demonstrative Adjectives: ■ A demonstrative adjective directly refers to something or someone. Demonstrative adjectives include the words: this, that, these, those. ■ A demonstrative pronoun works alone and does not precede a noun, but a demonstrative adjective always comes before the word it modifies. ■ Examples: ■ That building is so gorgeously decorated. (‘That’ refers to a singular noun far from the speaker) ■ This car is mine. (‘This’ refers to a singular noun close to the speaker)
- 9. Possessive Adjectives: ■ A possessive adjective indicates possession or ownership. It suggests the belongingness of something to someone/something. ■ Some of the most used possessive adjectives are my, his, her, our, their, your. ■ Examples: ■ My car is parked outside. ■ His cat is very cute. ■ Our job is almost done. ■ Her books are interesting.
- 10. Interrogative Adjectives: ■ An interrogative adjective asks a question. An interrogative adjective must be followed by a noun or a pronoun. The interrogative adjectives are: which, what, whose. ■ Examples: ■ Which phone do you use? ■ What game do you want to play? ■ Whose car is this?
- 11. Indefinite Adjectives: ■ An indefinite adjective describes or modifies a noun unspecifically. They provide indefinite/unspecific information about the noun. The common indefinite adjectives are few, many, much, most, all, any, each, every, either, nobody, several, some, etc. ■ Examples: ■ I gave some candy to her. ■ I want a few moments alone. ■ Several writers wrote about the recent incidents. ■ Each student will have to submit homework tomorrow.
- 12. Compound Adjectives: ■ When compound nouns/combined words modify other nouns, they become a compound adjective. This type of adjective usually combines more than one word into a single lexical unit and modifies a noun. They are often separated by a hyphen or joined together by a quotation mark. ■ Example: ■ I have a broken-down sofa. ■ I saw a six-foot-long snake. ■ He gave me an “I’m gonna kill you now” look.
- 13. The Degree of Adjectives: ■ There are three degrees of adjectives: Positive, comparative, superlative. ■ These degrees are applicable only for the descriptive adjectives. ■ Examples: ■ Positive degree: He is a good boy. ■ Comparative degree: He is better than any other boy. ■ Superlative: He is the best boy.