Advanced Web Development in PHP - Code Versioning and Branching with Git

Advanced Web Development in PHP
Module III: Code Versioning and
Branching with Git
Rasan Samarasinghe
ESOFT Computer Studies (pvt) Ltd.
No 68/1, Main Street, Embilipitiya.

Contents
1. Introduction to Git
2. What is Version Controlling?
3. What is Distributed Version Controlling?
4. Why Use a Version Control System?
5. Downloading and Installing Git
6. Git Life Cycle
7. Init command
8. Clone Command
9. Config Command
10. Add Command
11. Commit Command
12. Status Command
13. Log Command
14. Diff Command
15. Revert Command
16. Reset Command
17. Clean Command
18. Commit --amend Command
19. Rebase Command
20. Reflog Command
21. Branch Command
22. Checkout Command
23. Merge Command
24. Remote Command
25. Fetch Command
26. Pull Command
27. Push Command

Introduction to Git
Git is a distributed version control system, allows
group of people to work on same source code at
the same time without stepping on each others
toes.

What is Version Controlling?
Version control is a system that records changes to
a file or set of files over time so that you can recall
specific versions later.

What is Distributed Version Controlling?
Distributed version control allows many software
developers to work on a given project without
requiring them to share a common network.

Why Use a Version Control System?
• Collaboration
• Storing Versions
• Restoring Previous Versions
• Understanding What Happened
• Backup

Downloading and Installing Git
https://git-scm.com

Git Life Cycle
1. You clone the GIT repository as a working copy.
2. You modify the working copy by adding/editing files.
3. If necessary, you also update the working copy by taking other
developer's changes.
4. You review the changes before commit.
5. You commit changes. If everything is fine, then you push the changes
to the repository.
6. After committing, if you realize something is wrong, then you correct
the last commit and push the changes to the repository.

Init Command
git init <directory>
Create empty Git repo in specified directory. Run
with no arguments to initialize the current directory
as a git repository.

Clone Command
git clone <repository URL>
Clone repo located at onto local machine. Original
repo can be located on the local file system or on a
remote machine via HTTP or SSH.

Config Command
git config user.name <name>
git config user.email <email>
Define author name to be used for all commits in
current repo. Developers commonly use --global
flag to set config options for current user.

Add Command
git add <directory>
Stage all changes in for the next commit. Replace
<directory> with a to change a specific file.

Commit Command
git commit -m “<message>“
Commit the staged snapshot, but instead of
launching a text editor, use <message> as the
commit message.

Status Command
git status
List which files are staged, unstaged, and untracked.

Log Command
git log
Display the entire commit history using the default
format. For customization see additional options.

Diff Command
git diff
Show unstaged changes between your index and
working directory

Diff Command
git diff –cached
Show difference between staged changes and last
commit.

Diff Command
git diff <commit 1> <commit 2>
What changed between $ <commit 1> and <commit
2>

Revert Command
git revert <commit>
Create new commit that undoes all of the changes
made in <commit>, then apply it to the current
branch.

Reset Command
git reset <file>
Remove <file> from the staging area, but leave the
working directory unchanged. This unstages a file
without overwriting any changes.

Reset Command
git reset
Reset staging area to match most recent commit,
but leave the working directory unchanged.

Reset Command
git reset --hard
Reset staging area and working directory to match
most recent commit and overwrites all changes in
the working directory.

Reset Command
git reset <commit>
Move the current branch tip backward to
<commit>, reset the staging area to match, but
leave the working directory alone.

Reset Command
git reset --hard <commit>
Same as previous, but resets both the staging area
& working directory to match. Deletes
uncommitted changes, and all commits after
<commit>.

Clean Command
git clean –n
Shows which files would be removed (untracked
files) from working directory. Use the -f flag in place
of the -n flag to execute the clean.

Commit --amend Command
git commit –-amend
Replace the last commit with the staged changes
and last commit combined. Use with nothing staged
to edit the last commit’s message.

Rebase Command
git rebase <base>
Rebase the current branch onto <base>. <base> can
be a commitID, a branch name, a tag, or a relative
reference to HEAD

Reflog Command
git reflog
Show a log of changes to the local repository's
HEAD. Add –relativedate flag to show date info or --
all to show all refs.

Branch Command
git branch
List all of the branches in your repo. Add a <branch>
argument to create a new branch with the name
<branch>

Checkout Command
git checkout -b <branch>
Create and check out a new branch named
<branch>. Drop the -b flag to checkout an existing
branch.

Merge Command
git merge <branch>
Merge <branch> into the current branch.

Remote Command
git remote add <name> <url>
Create a new connection to a remote repo. After
adding a remote, you can use <name> as a shortcut
for <url> in other commands.

Fetch Command
git fetch <remote> <branch>
Fetches a specific <branch>, from the repo. Leave
off <branch> to fetch all remote refs.

Pull Command
git pull <remote>
Fetch the specified remote’s copy of current branch
and immediately merge it into the local copy.

Push Command
git push <remote> <branch>
Push the branch to <remote>, along with necessary
commits and objects. Creates named branch in the
remote repo if it doesn’t exist.

The End
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Advanced Web Development in PHP - Code Versioning and Branching with Git

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