Agriculture
- 1. o Agriculture is one of the economic activities o What are the different factors influencing the cultivation methods? o Cultivation methods are depending upon the characteristics of physical environment, technological know-how and socio-cultural practices. o How can you broadly classify farming types? o Subsistence and commercial farming AGRICULTURE
- 2. TYPES OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE 1. Primitive Subsistence farming - Slash and burn agriculture It practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools. It depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions. Farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their family. When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift an clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. Farmers do not use fertilisers and other modern inputs.
- 3. TYPES OF INDIAN FARMING 2. Intensive Subsistence farming It is practised in areas of high population pressure on land. It is a labour intensive farming. Uses high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation. Here landholdings are small, farmers take maximum output from the limited land.
- 4. TYPES OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE 3. Commercial Farming Here uses high doses of modern inputs - HYV seeds (High yielding variety) - Chemical fertilisers - Bio-fertilisers - Insecticides - Pesticides - Weedicides - Tractors, Harvesters, modern irrigation systems, etc.
- 5. TYPES OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE - Plantation Farming It is a type of commercial farming. Single crop is grown on a large area. It has interface agriculture and industry It covers large tracts of land. It is a capital intensive farming Huge human labourers are required It needs well developed network of transport
- 6. EXAMPLES OF PLANTATION AGRICULTURE • Tea • Coffee • Rubber • Sugarcane • Banana • Cashew nut • Apple • Apricots • Mango • Betel nut • Cardamom • Pepper • Coconut • Orange • Gooseberry • Cocoa • Pomegranate
- 7. CROPPING PATTERN • Due to the variations in the climate and physical settings in India, we have wide variety of cropping patterns. They are 1. Rabi - It is sown in winter from October to December - Harvested in summer from April to June - Eg. Wheat, Barley, Peas, Gram and Mustard
- 8. - In India rabi crops are practising in the north and north- western parts such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. - Farmers begin farming during the period of winter rainfall with western cyclonic disturbances.
- 9. 2. Kharif - Starts with the onset of monsoon-- Rainfall - harvested in September – October - Crops are Paddy, Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Arhar, Moong, Urad, Cotton, Jute, Groudnut, Soyabean - Areas are Assam, West Bengal,, Coastal regions along with UP and Bihar - Recently Punjab and Haryana also practising paddy crops - Assam, WB, and Odisha practise three crops in a year. (Aus, Aman and Boro)
- 10. 3. Zaid Crops - It is practising during the summer months between kharif and rabi - Crops are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder
- 11. JOWAR
- 12. BAJRA
- 13. RAGI
- 14. MAIZE