ahsge social studies chapter 9 Student notes
- 1. AHSGE Chapter 9 1 The Great Depression and World War II Causes of the Great Depression • October 29, 1929 – stock market____________, millions of dollars were lost, _______________closed, workers lost their jobs and _______________skyrocketed. • This led to a long period of high ______________and increased ______________called the Great Depression. Collapse of the Farm Economy • During the 1920s and 1930s farmers produced more ___________than consumers need. Food prices _____________and many farmers declared__________________. • A drought developed between 1933 and 1936. The soil became very_____________. Huge ____________blew the top soil away. _______________called this experience and these lands the Dust Bowl. Thousands moved from the ________________and moved to the Pacific Coast looking for_______________. • People who were out of work set up _______________of tents and shacks called Hoovervilles after then ________________President Herbert Hoover. • A group of WWI ____________wanting their war bonuses early marched on Washington demanding______________. They set up shacks near the White House until they were paid. Hoover sent in ___________to break up the camp. Soldiers killed four people and the public ___________Hoover. Democrats won next election. Roosevelt’s New Deal • Franklin D. Roosevelt became the new president and instituted a series of _____________policies and programs to boost the economy and put ______________people to work. This __________________is known as The New Deal. • It was based on three R’s: Relief, _____________and Reform.
- 2. 2 CHUNK #1 The New Deal Turn to page 124. Graphic Organizer – Pick three programs from the New Deal, and answer the following questions for each. Name of program Explanation of program Who did the program helped 1. 2. 3. Roosevelt’s New Deal • Agricultural Adjustment Act – gave ___________to farmers and government paid farmers not to grow ____________so food prices would go up. • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – TVA built ______________dams to bring cheap _______________to the South including Alabama. • Social Security Act (SSA) – guaranteed ____________income for all workers at age 65. • Fair Labor Standards Act – raised the minimum__________, set max for work hours and ended child ___________under age 16. • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – provided employment for ______________men between the ages of 17 and 23. They worked in the national ______________system. • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) – insured _____________up to $100,000 in case of bank____________.
- 3. 3 Totalitarianism • Totalitarian governments have _______political party or group which maintains complete control under a ______________and bans all others. Italy • Benito Mussolini – leader of Italy whose __________ideas were known as fascism. Japan • Hirohito- ___________of Japan • In 1931, the Japanese army without any ___________from the Japanese government invaded the province of________________. Military leaders then established their own national cabinet and _____________with democracy. Germany • Adolf Hitler –_____________party’s Fuhrer (leader). • Claimed Aryan race (_____________people of non-Jewish descent) were _____________and deserved to conquer others. • Blamed all of Germany’s problems on the ___________and those nations that _____________the war reparations at the Treaty of_________________. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Joseph Stalin – leader who believed in Socialism (political idea where the ___________was in charge of everything and ____________farmers worked on collective farms). ___________Communist Party and military of anyone he considered disloyal to him. Between 1.5 million and 7 million Soviet citizens were arrested and ___________in this purge. Rejection of Peace • Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact –____________of 63 countries to promise to use _______________rather than war to ___________political differences except for cases of self-defense. • Even though Italy, Germany and Japan signed the __________Pact they continued to exert their _____________beyond their borders through war.
- 4. 4 Japanese Aggression • Invasion of Manchuria and control of major cities along the ____________coast. Italian Aggression • Mussolini attacked _____________in 1935. Signed an anti-communist pact with Germany and _____________thus forming the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. German Aggression • Hitler moved German troops into the _____________violating the Treaty of Versailles. • France and Britain did _______________because they did not want another ___________with Germany. • Hitler then annexed (___________) Austria to Germany and met no_____________. • Next he ____________the__________________. • British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and French premier Daladier hoped to _____________were through a policy of appeasement (giving into Hitler’s______________). • Munich Conference – Chamberlain and Daladier accepted Hitler’s ______________of Sudetenland in _______________for his promise not to claim any further ________________in Czechoslovakia. The Invasion of Poland – World War II Begins • About 6 months after the _____________Conference, Hitler invaded the rest of________________. • August 1939 – Hitler signs a ___________________pact with the U.S.S.R. agreeing to _____________Poland when they invaded. • Great Britain agreed to __________Poland if Germany____________. • September 1, 1039 – Germany invaded an ______________and unprepared________________. • Blitzkrieg – (lightening war) used against Poland. Constant _______________using armored tanks and_______________. • September 3, 1939 – Great Britain and France __________war on Germany. • September 17, 1939 –_____________invades Poland. Poland ______________three weeks later.
- 5. 5 United States Involvement • Neutrality Act – gave the President the _______________to ban arms sales to _________________nations. • Ludlow Amendment – required a _________________vote before the United States could declare war. It failed in Congress by a _______________margin. • Cash and Carry – U.S. allowed the Allies to buy ______________with payment up front and required them to provide their own_______________. U.S. hoped to maintain _________________while helping to defeat Germany. • Lend-Lease Act – gave the President the authority to___________, sell, or lease war _____________to countries whose survival was vital to U.S._____________. • June 1941 – Hitler _____________Stalin and invaded the USSR. • United States sent large amounts of supplies to ____________to prevent German____________. Problems in Southeast Asia • French Indochina – Japan _____________military bases here in September 1940, despite strong _______________from the U.S. • September 26, 1940 – U.S. declared an _____________on scrap metal, oil and _____________fuel to Japan. • September 27, 1940 – Japan announced a military _____________with Italy and Germany. CHUNK #2 Pearl Harbor Turn to page 129. Read Pearl Harbor. History Frame – Answer the following questions from the passage you have read. Setting Where and When? – Characters Who were the key players? – Plot What happened? – Outcome What were the results? –
- 6. 6 Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 – Japanese attacked _____________Harbor. • 8 battleships and 13 other naval ____________were seriously damaged or______________. • 200 _______________destroyed. • Over 3000 military _______________wounded or killed. • President Roosevelt called December 7th “a date which will live in_______________.” • Congress _______________war on Japan. • Germany and Italy _____________their pledges to Japan and declared ______________on the U.S. • U.S. now _______________in World War II. On the Home front Women’s Participation • Women left their _____________and went to work at factory jobs ______________by the men who were fighting the war. • Rosie the Riveter became a ____________for all working women during World War II. Rationing • Rationing System – limited the use of certain ____________foods and materials. People cold not purchase certain _____________without a government-issued coupon. This was done in order to focus all resources on the____________. Japanese Internment • Executive Order 9066 – ordered all ____________Americans away from military facilities out of fear they were ________________with the enemy. Stemming the Tide • Midway – In June 1942, the U.S. Naval and air forces ____________heavy blows on the Japanese fleet, forcing them to_____________. • The Japanese lost four of their prized aircraft ______________and 252_____________. • Considered the ____________point in the_____________.
- 7. 7 Stalingrad • Stalingrad –____________forces held off a German attack for several______________. • Russians were able to ____________the Germans and force their _______________. • Without _____________to the oil reserves near Stalingrad, the other German forces _____________for the Russian interior. • Considered the ____________point in the war for the USSR. North Africa • Operation Torch – name given to the _____________between Britain and the U.S. against the ____________army in North Africa. • First major _______________of the war for the ______________. Turning the Tide Italy • Due to a successful ____________of Italy, Mussolini was______________. • The new Italian ______________joined the Allies in ______________Germany. Normandy • Operation Overlord – the larges ____________(water) assault ever undertaken. Took place in_____________. • D-Day – A fleet of 6000 Allied __________launched the great invasion of the __________of Normandy. Allied losses were very high. • After invasion, Allies were able to ____________Paris from four years of German________________. Germany’s defeat • Allied forces __________in. • Hitler committed _____________on April 30, 1945. • Germany surrendered __________________one week later. • V-E Day - Victory in _____________Day. Allied countries celebrated the_____________.
- 8. 8 The Holocaust • Holocaust – term given to Hitler’s systematic _______________of over 6 million _______________people. • Concentration Camps – Hitler’s camps that held Jews, ____________, and socially undesirables. These people were starved and worked to death. Gas_______________, huge ovens and mass graves were _______________at these camps. • Auschwitz – One of the worst of all the _______________camps. • Nuremberg Trials –______________held after the war to prosecute individuals _______________for the concentration camps and other various war________________. Japan’s Defeat • General Douglas MacArthur –______________of troops in the Pacific, who wanted to concentrate all the United States _____________on Japan. • Kamikaze – Japanese for _____________wind. Pilots who would willingly ____________their planes into Allied naval ships. The Atomic Bomb • Manhattan Project – Special ___________that involved over 120,000 people in 37 factories and ____________spread across 19 states and Canada. Purpose was to build an ______________bomb. • Enola Gay – Name of the B-29 ___________that carried the first atomic bomb to________________. • Hiroshima – first Japanese city to be _____________by the atomic bomb on Aug. 6, 1945. • Nagasaki – the 2nd Japanese City destroyed by the atomic bomb three _____________later on August 9, 1945. • In the wake of these ___________and the Soviet Unions declaration of war, Japan ______________to General Douglas MacArthur on August 14, 1945. • World War II was______________.