AI as a Service, Build Shared AI Service Platforms Based on Deep Learning Technologies with Suqiang Song
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Mastercard's AI as a Service platform utilizes deep learning and massive data sets to enhance machine learning capabilities, offering managed services to simplify model development and deployment. The platform addresses traditional bottlenecks in feature engineering and model scalability, emphasizing automation and integration with existing data pipelines. Additionally, it highlights challenges faced with existing machine learning frameworks and proposes solutions for improved efficiency and performance in real-time applications.
AI as a Service, Build Shared AI Service Platforms Based on Deep Learning Technologies with Suqiang Song
- 1. Suqiang Song, Director, Chapter Leader of Data Engineering & AI Mastercard AI as a Service Build Shared AI Service Platforms Based on Deep Learning Technologies #AI1SAIS
- 2. Differentiation starts with consumer insights from a massive worldwide payments network and our experience in data cleansing, analytics and modeling Mastercard Big Data & AI Expertise WAREHOUSED • 10 petabytes • 5+ year historic global view • Rapid retrieval • Above-and-beyond privacy protection and security MULTI-SOURCED • 38MM+ merchant locations • 22,000 issuers CLEANSED, AGGREGATD, ANONYMOUS, AUGMENTED • 1.5MM automated rules • Continuously tested TRANSFORMED INTO ACTIONABLE INSIGHTS • Reports, indexes, benchmarks • Behavioral variables • Models, scores, forecasting • Econometrics What can 2.4 BILLION Global Cards and 56 BILLION Transactions/ Year mean to you? Mastercard Enhanced Artificial Intelligence Capability with the Acquisitions of Applied Predictive Technologies(2015) and Brighterion (2017)
- 3. What is the AI as a Service ?
- 4. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. AI Applications Machine learning frameworks • Machine learning frameworks: Provide stable and secure environments and consolidate integrated wrappers on top of variable technologies for regular machine learning works • Applications build silos from scratch Three modes of AI as a Services • Fully managed machine learning servic es use templates, pre-built models and drag-and-drop development tools to si mplify and expedite the process of usin g a machine learning framework • Applications share templates and pre- built models , assembly and infer them into pipelines or business context • Automation Services, tasks like explora tory data analysis, pre-processing of da ta, hyper-parameter tuning, model sele ction and putting models into producti on can be automated • “God's Return to God, Satan's Return to Satan , Math’s Return AI, Business’s Return Biz” Machine learning frameworks AI Applications Machine learning frameworks Fully managed machine learning services AI Applications On / Off Premise Advanced Infrastructure Fully managed machine learning services On / Off Premise Advanced Infrastructure On / Off Premise Advanced Infrastructure Automation Services
- 5. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 5 Time Cost Data Exploration & Harmonization Features Engineering 0,0 Regular Mode :Machine learning frameworks Evaluation & Benchmarking Model Deployment &Serving $100,000 6 weeks Modeling Example : Machine Learning Sandbox
- 6. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 6 Time Cost Features Engineering 0,0 Plus Mode : Fully managed machine learning services Evaluation & Benchmarking $50,000 2 weeks Model Deployment &Serving Modeling Data Exploration & Harmonization Example : Data Science Workbench
- 7. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 7 Time Cost Features Engineering 0,0 Premium Mode: Automation Services Evaluation & Benchmarking $10,000 2 days Model Deployment &ServingData Exploration & Harmonization Modeling Example : Amazon SageMaker ?
- 8. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 8 Feature engineering bottlenecks Pre-calculate hundreds or thousands Long Term Variables take lots of resources and times Model scalability limitations Trade-off between automation in parallel and scaling machine learning to ever larger datasets and ever more complicated models Model Serving to multiple contexts Gap to connect to existing business pipelines , offline ,streaming and real-time Heavily relies on human machine learning experts Relies on human to perform the most of tasks API Enablement and automate deployment Low productivity to create more models with low level raw APIs Isolated promotions and operation readness with automate deployment Less integration with end to end data pipelines, fill in the loop Gap to bring machine learning process into the existing enterprise data pipelines , including batch , streaming and real-time 1 2 3 4 5 6 Challenges to achieve Premium Automation AI Service Learning Automation Serving Automation
- 10. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 10 Bottlenecks Need to pre-calculate hundreds or thousands Long Term Variables for each user, such as total spends /visits for merchants list, category list divided by week, months and years The computation time for LTV features took > 70% of the data processing time for the whole lifecycle and occupied lots of resources which had huge impact to other critical workloads. Miss the feature selection optimizations which could save the data engineering efforts a lot AUTH DETAIL from last weekLTV DATA from last week MERCHANT AGED LTV DATA GEO CATEGORY ITEM LEVEL DATA FILTERED TRANSACTIONS SUMMED BY USER AGED BY USERAGED LTV DATA LTV DATA FOR THIS WEEK Challenges with Traditional ML : Feature engineering bottlenecks
- 11. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 11 Improvements When build model , only focus on few pre-defined sliding features and custom overlap features ( Users only need to identify the columns names from data source) Remove most of the LTV pre-calculations works, saved hours time and lots of resources Deep learning algorithm generates exponential growth of hidden embedding features ,do the internal features selections and optimization automatically when it does cross validation at training stage With Deep Learning : Remove lots of LTV workloads and simply the feature engineering
- 12. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 12 … Item 1 * Users Item 2* Users Item n* Users Feature Engineering Training 1 Training 2 Training n Model 1 Model 2 Model n Merge 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 1 Prebuilt correlation Model Merge all the prediction results Evaluation 1 Evaluation 2 Evaluation 3 Limitations All the pipelines separated by items and generate one model for each item Have to pre-calculate the correlation matrix between items Lots of redundant duplications and computations at feature engineering ,training and testing process Run items in parallel and occupied most of cluster resources when executed Bad metrics for items with few transactions It is very hard to scale more items , from hundreds to millions ? Challenges with Traditional ML : Model scalability
- 13. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 13 •NCF • Scenario：Neural Collaborative Filtering ,recommend products to customers (priority is to recommend to active users) according to customers’ past history activities. • https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~xia ngnan/papers/ncf.pdf •Wide & Deep learning • Scenario: jointly trained wide linear models and deep neural networks- --to combine the benefits of memorization and generalization for recommender systems. • https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/aa 9d/39e938c84a867ddf2a8cabc575f fba27b721.pdf Linear 2 ReLU Linear 1 ReLU Concat CMul LookupTable (MF User) LookupTable (MLP User) LookupTable (MF Item) Linear 3 Sigmoid Select LookupTable (MLP Item) ConcatTable Conca SelectSelect Select User index User indexItem Index User Item Pair MLP MF Embedding Layers Item Index MLP User Embedding MLP Item EmbeddingMF Item EmbeddingMF User Embedding With Deep Learning : Scale models in deeper and wider without decreasing metrics
- 14. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 14 Relies on human to perform the following tasks: Select and construct appropriate features. Select an appropriate model family. Optimize model hyper parameters. Post process machine learning models. Critically analyze the results obtained. Challenges with Traditional ML : Heavily relies on human machine learning experts Training Data Sets Data Source Partitioning Model 2 Model 1 Model n Testing Data Sets Validation Data Sets Choose Best Model Validate Model Metrics
- 15. ©2018Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 15 Improvements Common neural network "tricks", including initialization, L2 and dropout regularization, Batch normalization, gradient checking A variety of optimization algorithms, such as mini-batch gradient descent, Momentum, RMSprop and Adam Provides optimization-as-a- service using an ensemble of optimization strategies, allowing practitioners to efficiently optimize models faster and cheaper than standard approaches. With Deep Learning : Gives more options for finding an optimally performing robust configuration
- 16. Our Explore & Evaluation Journey
- 17. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. Enterprise requirements for Deep Learning Seamless integration with Products Internal & External • Add deep learning capabilities to existing Analytic Applications and/or machine learning workflows rather than rebuild all of them Collocated with mass data storage • Analyze a large amount of data on the same Big Data clusters where the data are stored (HDFS, HBase, Hive, etc.) rather than move or duplicate data Shared infrastructure with Multi- tenant isolated resources • Leverage existing Big Data clusters and deep learning workloads should be managed and monitored with other workloads (ETL, data warehouse, traditional ML etc..) rather than run DL workloads standalone in separate clusters Data governance with restricted Processing • Follow data privacy, regulation and compliance ( such as PCI/PII compliance and GDPR rather than operate data in unsecured zones
- 18. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. • Claimed that the GPU computing are better than CPU which requires new hardware infrastructure (very long timeline normally ) • Success requires many engineer-hours ( Impossible to Install a Tensor Flow Cluster at STAGE ...) • Low level APIs with steep learning curve ( Where is your PHD degree ? ) • Not well integrated with other enterprise tools and need data movements (couldn't leverage the existing ETL, data warehousing and other analytic relevant data pipelines, technologies and tool sets. And it is also a big challenge to make duplicate data pipelines and data copy to the capacity and performance.) • Tedious and fragile to distribute computations ( less monitoring ) • The concerns of Enterprise Maturity and InfoSec ( use GPU cluster with Tensor Flow from Google Cloud ) ………….. Maybe not your story , but we have .... Challenges and limitations to Production considering some “Super Stars”….
- 19. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. Integrations with existing DL libraries • Deep Learning Pipelines (from Databricks) • Caffe (CaffeOnSpark) • Keras (Elephas) • mxnet • Paddle • TensorFlow (TensorFlow on Spark, TensorFrames) • CNTK (mmlspark) Implementations of DL on Spark • BigDL • DeepDist • DeepLearning4J • SparkCL • SparkNet What does Spark offer?
- 20. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. Tensor Flow-on-Spark (or Caffe-on-Spark) uses Spark executors (tasks) to launch Tensor Flow/Caffe instances in the cluster; however, the distributed deep learning (e.g., training, tuning and prediction) are performed outside of Spark (across multiple Tensor Flow or Caffe instances). (1) As a results, Tensor Flow/Caffe still runs on specialized HW (such as GPU servers interconnected by InfiniBand), and the Open MP implementations in Tensor Flow/Caffe conflicts with the JVM threading in Spark (resulting in lower performance). (2) In addition, in this case Tensor Flow/Caffe can only interact the rest of the analytics pipelines in a very coarse-grained fashion (running as standalone jobs outside of the pipeline, and using HDFS files as job input and output). Programming interface Contributors commits BigDL Scala & Python 50 2221 TensorflowOnSpark Python 9 257 Databricks/tensor Python 9 185 Databricks/spark-deep- learning Python 8 51 StatisticscollectedonMar5th , 2018 Need more break down …..
- 21. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 21 Train Wide and Deep Model ( BigDL) features Models model candidatesampled partition Training Data … 10~12 Months Raw Txns + Negative samples Load Parquet Train Multiple Models Train AIS Model ( Mlib) sampled partition sampled partition Post Processing Simple Feature Engineering models models Spark ML Pipeline Stages Test Data Predictions Test Spark Data FramesParquet Files Pre-processing 1~2 Months Feature Selections Feature Selection Model Ensemble Inference SparkPipeline Neural Recommender Using BigDL NCF/ Wide And Deep Transformer Model Evaluation & Fine Tune Estimator Spark Mllib Train NCF Model ( BigDL) models … Benchmark User-Merchant User-Category User-Geo User-Merchant-Geo …. POC: Benchmark BigDL & Spark Mllib
- 22. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 22 AUROC: A AUPRCs: B recall: C precision: D 20 precision: E Mllib AIS Parameters : MaxIter(100) RegParam(0.01) Rank(200) Alpha(0.01) BigDL NCF AUROC: A+23% AUPRCs: B+31% recall: C+18% precision: D+47% 20 precision: E+51% Parameters : MaxEpoch(10) learningRate(3e-2) learningRateDecay(3e-7) uOutput(100) mOutput(200) batchSize(1.6 M) BigDL WAD Parameters : MaxEpoch(10) learningRate(1e-2) learningRateDecay(1e-7) uOutput(100) mOutput(200) batchSize(0.6 M) AUROC: A+20% (3 % down) AUPRCs: B+30% (1% down) recall: C+12% (4 % down) precision: D+49% (2 % up) 20 precision: E+54% (3% up) Benchmark results ( > 100 rounds)
- 23. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. Beyond Deep Learning library , we need more automated platform capabilities to fit PROD adoption gaps
- 24. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 24 Incremental Tuning ( only re-run the whole pipeline with incremental changed datasets such as daily changed transactions and benchmark the models ) Refresh the dimensional datasets ( such as adding new users , items …) Load the history model to the context and update incremental parts of model based on the incremental data sets Periodic Re-training with a batch algorithm and time-series prediction Benchmark the history model and update model and on-board the better ones. … Incremental Fact Incremental Dimensional History Model Incremental Set Ingest Model Fine Tuner Lookups Refresher Model Loader Models Benchmark Ingest Periodic Incremental Tuning Incremental Fine Tuning & Benchmark Gap 1 : Incremental Tuning
- 25. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 25 Model Serving (Connect to existing business pipelines , offline ,streaming and real-time ) Build the model serving capability by exporting model to scoring/prediction/recommendation services and integration points Integrate the model serving services inside the business pipelines , such as embed them into Spark jobs for offline, Spark Streaming jobs for streaming , the real-time “dialogue” with Kafka messaging … Gap 2 : Model Serving to multiple contexts
- 26. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 26 Gap 3 : Build user friendly high level pipeline APIs High level pipeline APIs Abstract and purify high level data and learning pipeline APIs on top of BigDL lib to simply the deep learning model assembly process and increase productivity
- 27. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 27 Gap 4 : Integrated with end to end data pipelines, fill in the loop Embedded the deep learning process into existing enterprise data pipelines Build pre-defined templates and customized processors to bring deep learning process into the existing enterprise data pipelines , including batch , streaming and real-time
- 28. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. 28 Design and Implement pipelines at Visualized workbench Pipelines Promotion Biz. A Biz. B Biz. C Biz. D Biz. E Biz. F Pipeline Designer AI Pipelines and Flows Local Dev Dev Sandbox Prod(s) Stage Configuration Management (Tag / Branches) Pipeline Registry Generate AI Pipelines Deployment sequences Continuous integration (Parameter, template) Automate deployment with CI/CD pipelines Gap 5 : AI Pipelines promotion with automated CI/CD deployment
- 29. ©2016Mastercard.ProprietaryandConfidential. Easier to build end-to-end analytics + AI applications • Reference use cases • Anomaly detection, sentiment analysis, fraud detection, chatbot, sequence prediction, etc. • Predefined models • Object detection, image classification, text classification, recommendations, GAN, etc. • Feature engineering & transformations • Image, text, speech, 3D imaging, time-series, etc. • High level pipeline APIs • Dataframes, ML Pipelines, autograd, transfer learning, Keras/Keras2, etc. https://github.com/intel-analytics/analytics-zoo Community improvements : Analytics Zoo -> Unified Analytics + AI Platform for Spark and BigDL