Involucrar a los responsables políticos para priorizar proyectos de investigación que influyan en las políticas de salud
- 1. Inspire. Engaging with Policy Makers to Conduct Policy Informing Health Services Research Engage. Alba DiCenso, RN, PhD Professor Nursing and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Lead. McMaster University Hamilton, Canada
- 2. Application of Research Findings “Unhealthy Medicine Inspire. All Breakthrough, No Follow-Through” By Steven H. Woolf The Washington Post Engage. Sunday, January 8, 2006 Lead.
- 3. Application of Research Findings Inspire. Engage. Lead.
- 4. Background Inspire. Clinical research: research that is intended to inform our clinical practice. Examples: a clinical trial comparing two levels of closed Engage. system suction pressures in ICU patients effects of a self-care program on quality of life in patients with a permanent pacemaker Lead.
- 5. Background Inspire. Gap between research and clinical practice persists: – Strong need for nursing leadership in organizations to support nurses in becoming Engage. evidence-based practitioners: Create evidence-based culture (e.g., Best Practice Spotlight Organizations) http://rnao.ca/bpg/bpso Lead.
- 6. Background Inspire. Make available and encourage use of evidence-based resources: – e.g., up-to-date clinical practice guidelines – http://rnao.ca/bpg/guidelines Engage. – Practice guideline implementation toolkit – http://rnao.ca/bpg/resources/toolkit- implementation-best-practice-guidelines- second-edition Lead.
- 8. Background Inspire. Make available and encourage use of evidence-based resources. Example: Nursing + Best Evidence for Nursing Care Engage. –Free regular notification by email about recent studies that have been pre-rated for quality and are of clinical relevance Lead. to you
- 9. Welcome McMaster University's Health Information Research Unit is providing you with access to current best evidence from research, tailored to your own health care interests, to support evidence-based clinical decisions. This service is unique: all citations (from over 120 premier clinical journals) are pre-rated for quality by research staff, then rated for clinical relevance and interest by at least 3 members of a worldwide panel of practicing nurses. Here's what we offer: A searchable database of the best evidence from the medical literature An email alerting system Links to selected evidence-based resources http://plus.mcmaster.ca/NP/Default.aspx
- 10. Objectives Inspire. – To explore the challenges in applying health services research findings to policy Engage. – To describe components of a training program designed to prepare researchers to engage with policy makers Lead.
- 11. Policy Maker Inspire. An individual charged with developing and implementing policy at the local, regional, provincial or national level (aka: decision maker) Engage. e.g., Senior policy advisor in various government branches – nursing, primary care, cancer care, social services, education; Chief executive officer of a regional health authority; Lead. Senior manager in a hospital or health care agency; Administrator of a professional or regulatory body
- 12. Health Services and Policy Research Inspire. Research that is intended to inform policy development and decision making regarding the governance, organization, funding, and delivery of health services, or the allocation Engage. of resources dedicated to improving health e.g., how to best transition patients from cancer care to primary care Lead. e.g., developing and evaluating a nurse case management role
- 13. Health Services Research Competencies 1.Understanding of the country’s healthcare system Inspire. 2.Ability to conduct health services research 3.Understanding of population health theories Engage. 4.Understanding of theories of health and health services knowledge production 5.Ability to effectively exchange knowledge and develop research partnerships with Lead. stakeholders in the health field .
- 14. Potential Contribution of Research to Policy Inspire. “In the world of research, completing the study is just the first step…making the research come alive and using it to build Engage. capacity for future science and scientists and to tell stories that capture policy-maker’s attention and ultimately lead to policy changes, are what it is all about” O’Brien-Pallas, 2003 Lead.
- 15. Challenges in Applying Research Findings to Policy Inspire. Complex forces compete with research for the attention of policy makers: – Interests of stakeholders – Values of the public Engage. – Ideologies of governing parties – Constraints of prior policy Heavy work pressure with little time to read research reports/journal articles Lead.
- 16. Working with Policy Makers to Move Research into Policy Inspire. International emphasis on learning how to enhance linkage and exchange between researchers and policy makers New world: decision maker partners want Engage. to base policy changes on evidence Partnering with researchers on policy relevant research Engaging in training of future researchers Lead. Applying research findings to policy
- 17. Engaged Scholarship “A collaborative form of inquiry in which Inspire. academics and practitioners (policy makers) leverage their different perspectives and competencies to co-produce knowledge about a Engage. complex problem or phenomenon” Leverages “the relative contributions and conceptual frameworks of researchers and practitioners (policy makers)” Lead. Van de Ven AH & Johnson PE. Knowledge for Theory and Practice, Academy of Management Review. 2006;31(4):802-21.
- 18. Collaborative Research (Denis & Lomas, 2003) Inspire. “a deliberate set of interactions and processes designed specifically to bring together those who study societal problems and issues (researchers) with those who act on or within those societal Engage. problems and issues (policy makers, practitioners, citizens) Lead. Denis, J-L., Lomas, J. (2003). Convergent evolution: the academic and policy roots of collaborative research. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy. 8(S2):1-6.
- 19. Strategies to Build Researcher – Policy Maker Linkages Engagement of policy maker in research beginning Inspire. to end Policy placements Science policy fellowships Engage. Knowledge translation courses Preparation of policy briefs to convey research Involvement of policy makers in health services Lead. associations, conferences, journals, publications Training of policy makers in evidence use
- 20. Engagement of Policy Makers in Research Beginning to End Early and ongoing involvement of policy makers Inspire. in the research process is the best predictor of its utilization (Lomas, 2000) Engage. Students required to partner with a policy maker to help shape their question and to act as an ex officio member of the thesis committee Lead. Lomas, J. (2000). Connecting research and policy. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, Spring, 140-144.
- 21. Engagement of Policy Makers in Research Beginning to End CIHR's Partnerships for Health System Inspire. Improvement Program Supports teams of researchers and decision makers interested in conducting policy-relevant health services research that responds to the needs of Engage. health care decision makers and strengthens the Canadian health system. The program requires meaningful collaboration Lead. between researchers and decision makers likely to make use of the results of the research.
- 22. Engagement of Policy Makers in Research Beginning to End Example: Improving Care in the Community for Inspire. Cancer Survivors Research Team includes: – Cancer survivors Engage. – University researchers – Clinicians – Patient and citizen advocates Lead. – Primary care and cancer care government leaders from 3 provinces
- 23. Policy Placements Graduate students spend 200 hours in a policy setting Inspire. to: Gain understanding of the policy process Identify factors that shape the policy-making environment Engage. Gain practical experience by actively contributing to an aspect of the policy process through collection, analysis, synthesis, or evaluation of policy-relevant information Lead. Gain skills in communicating relevant research findings to policy makers
- 24. Science Policy Fellowships Short-term policy assignments at Health Canada Inspire. for academic researchers – policy-makers have immediate access to researchers to engage on a public policy issue Engage. – Researchers learn how government works and how public policies are made The assignment must be focused on a specific policy project Lead. Fellowships are for a period of six months, full-time
- 25. Knowledge Translation Courses Objectives: Inspire. – To understand theoretical underpinnings of knowledge transfer/translation (KT) Engage. – To identify creative KT interventions – To learn scientific approaches to the evaluation of KT interventions Lead.
- 26. Policy Briefs Short clear language documents that present Inspire. findings and recommendations of research projects to a non-specialized audience Engage. Focus on one topic and can include one or more studies 1-2 pages in length Lead.
- 27. Policy Brief Template Inspire. The issue The purpose What did we do? Engage. What did we find? How will this research help? What’s next Bottom line Lead.
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- 29. Involvement of Policy Makers in Health Services Research Forums Canadian Association for Health Services and Inspire. Policy Research Membership includes researchers, students and policy makers Attendance and presentation at annual conference Engage. by researchers, students and policy makers Healthcare Policy Journal Includes both researchers and policy makers as Lead. editors, editorial board members, peer reviewers, and authors
- 30. Training of Policy Makers in Evidence Use Executive Training for Inspire. Research Application Objective: Engage. To provide health system senior executives across Canada with the opportunity to learn and apply a systematic approach to finding and applying research evidence to inform complex decisions Lead. and change strategies in healthcare organizations
- 31. Training of Policy Makers in Evidence Use Inspire. Supported by: Canadian Nurses Association, Canadian Medical Association, Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement, Canadian College of Health Leaders Engage. • 14-month program with protected blocks of time by employer • Mentorship by an academic and a decision-making mentor Lead. • 4 weeks of away-from-home residency sessions on research-based evidence, change management, and systems thinking
- 32. Training of Policy Makers in Evidence Use Inspire. Completion of an Intervention Project to guide a change strategy in their organization supported by research. Examples: • Innovative Nursing Schedule Practices Engage. Supported by an E-Scheduling System • Implementing a “Navigator” Model in Emerging Mental Illness Lead. • http://www.chsrf.ca/WhatWeDo/EducationandTraining/E XTRA.aspx
- 33. Benefits of Engaged Scholarship – Opportunity to conduct policy relevant research Inspire. – Achieving change in the health system – Keeping the research “grounded in reality” Engage. – Funding possibilities – Connecting of policy makers with common issues – Opportunity for long term relationship over length of a full research program Lead. – Creation of trusting relationship for future research and consultation opportunities – develop reputation
- 34. Challenges of Engaged Scholarship Inspire. Policy makers change positions frequently Policy maker position could remain vacant for long time Engage. Policy maker priorities change as result of political agenda Timing issues (too short or too long): – Policy maker wants answer yesterday Lead. – Takes time to navigate political process
- 35. A Policy Maker’s View “Moving government policy from the realm of opinion to Inspire. evidence-informed policy formation requires the additive effect of scientists and policy makers collaborating to explore: 1) the right question; and, 2) the policy options that might address the question. The Engage. more knowledge we have, the better our ability to fully explore the boundaries of any particular policy problem and to propose a wider range of responses. This takes many minds, seeing the problem through different lenses, working together for a common purpose – Lead. formulating good, defensible public policy, founded on the best available evidence.”
- 36. The Break-Even Point Breakthrough (results of high quality research) = Inspire. Follow-Through (successful application of findings to practice or policy) Engage. Lead.