Albedo Project Presentation Rev2
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The Albedo Project, led by Ing. Sandro Cecchi, proposes a new approach to mitigate global warming by enhancing the Earth's albedo, thereby controlling solar energy absorption. The project involves developing a measurement and certification system compatible with the Kyoto Protocol and aims to leverage satellite technology to assess albedo enhancement efforts globally. It emphasizes collaboration between scientific organizations, industry, and international partners, with an estimated project cost of 100 million Euros.
Albedo Project Presentation Rev2
- 1. ALBEDO PROJECT ing. Sandro Cecchi ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator Founder of Italian Center Consortium (www.myitaliancenter.com) Director of Sound Art Festival SGUARDI SONORI, cell.3489355169 e-mail: scecchi@tiscali.it tel./fax: 06.6869222 Via del Tempio 1 00186 Roma, www.linkedin.com/in/sandrocecchi www.facebook.com/sandro.tre ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 2. Benefits One of the major concern uman kind is facing is the global warming with all its implications on Earth life. Several studies and initiatives are in progress to mitigate the effect including the Kyoto protocol. A new concept has been developed from University of Perugia where global warming is limited by reducing the Earth energy absorption. The idea can bring to the development of a measurement and certification System that can be compatible with Kyoto protocol and be self sustainable. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 3. List of content • Introduction • Scientific background • Users and applications • Mission & service definition • System architecture • Payload requirement • Actors • Business model • Implementation plan • Funding scheme • Conclusions ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 4. Introduction (1) The current internationally accepted techniques for the mitigation of global warming followed by two methodological approaches: the first involves the capture of CO2 released into the atmosphere, the second is the reduction of CO2 emissions. First approach includes all of the technologies for the sequestration and geological sequestration of CO2 emitted by combustion processes or during the extraction of fossil fuels. Head instead to the second approach are the technologies for the production of energy from renewable sources and practices for energy and energy efficiency improvement. In both approaches, however, the end result remains the reduction of the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere would involve recognizing that the element responsible for global warming. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 5. Introduction (2) The approach here proposed, which is complementary to those mentioned above, however, provides for the compensation of the increase in temperature produced by greenhouse gases, using techniques that allow you to control the amount of energy absorbed from the Sun and the Earth’s surface or the reflected energy from the earth into space. In this regard, a study conducted by CIRIAF-University of Perugia (Patent No. PG and PG 2006 A 0086 2007 A 0009) which has already won several awards from the international scientific community, found that an area of 10 square meters of high average albedo is able to offset, in terms of global warming, the effect produced by the entry into the atmosphere one tonne of carbon dioxide. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 6. Introduction (3) The University of Perugia with the collaboration of a bundle of Industries is now proposing to develop a specific measurement and certification system that can be used to comply with Kyoto Protocol objectives and provide global warming mitigation. The system is based on a space and ground infrastructure plus a dedicated agency devoted to the assessment and certification. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 7. Scientific background Global Warming • Atmospheric concentration of CO2 is currently nearly 40 % above its preindustrial level (from 285 to 380 ppm). • By IPCC 4th Assessment Report GW is mainly due to human-induced effects. + 0.64 Celsius degrees on the last fifty years ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 8. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 9. Scientific background Global Warming consequences ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHIC ‐ Costs induced by extreme weather events ‐ sea-level rise predicted at 2100: min 0.22 m, can rise up to 25% of GDP on affected max 0.44 m. countries. - 20 % rain falling increase on South Asia by 2050, 10 % less annual rainfall on sub- Saharan Africa. SOCIAL HEALTH ‐ 4.3 - 6.9 billion of people living in severely ‐ 400 milion additional popolation at risk for stressed river basins. malaria. ‐ 200 million of climate migrants by 2050. ‐ 3.5 billion additional people at risk dengue. ‐ 50 % fall of rain-fed agricolture in sub- ‐ 300 % heat-related death increase in 2100. Saharan Africa by 2020. ‐ Increase in malnutrition. ‐ 40 - 140 million of people flooded per year by 2100. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 10. Scientific background Mitigation of Global Warming Energy saving (Green building, energy saving TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY practices and behaviours, etc.) EFFECT ON GW MITIGATION Energy production by renewables (e.g., biomass, solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, etc.) or nuclear (Is it renewable?) COSTS Increasing the efficiency on energy production and use Greenhouse gases capture and sequestration BEST RESULTS BY SIMPLER AND CHEAPER METHODS !!!
- 11. Scientific background Solar Radiation Management - SRM • Earth albedo plays an CRUCIAL role on Earth temperature. • Artificial enhancement of terrestrial albedo (SRM) may contribute to offset CO2 effect on earth average temperature. ETIOLOGY SURFACE GLOBAL CO2 ALBEDO AVERAGE EMISSIONS INCREASE TEMPERATURE OFFSET DECREASE ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 12. Scientific background Modeling of GW mitigation • Several models are still available to predict the effect of Earth albedo on earth temperature. • A new method (CIRIAF PATENT) is the only one that takes into account the high albedo surface peculiarities: (latitude, tilt angle, azimuth angle, albedo). CO2 OFFSET = f (α , β,γ , rs ,τ , M ) Meteo conditions Time Surface Latitude Tilt Azimuth solar angle angle albedo ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 13. Scientific background INPUT DATA INPUT DATA METEO +∆ ALBEDO POSITION +∆ CO2 ATMOSPHERIC CO2 vs T MODEL - ∆T + ∆T radiative forcing method by IPPC VIS+IR 0 ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 14. Scientific background ALBEDO ENHANCEMENT GLOBAL BUILDING WARMING PASSIVE MITIGATION COOLING CO2 AVOIDED CO2 OFFSET + EMISSIONS ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 15. Users and applications INHERENTLY COOL ROOFS GREEN ROOFS COATED COOL ROOFS Certification requirements for different cool roof programs Slope Solar Reflectance SRI US GBC Energy Star LEED Low 0.65 78 Steep 0.25 29 ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 16. Users and applications ARCHITECTONIC SALT PANS STRUCTURES ARBOREAL SPECIES ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 17. Users and applications 1 ton of CO2eq is half absorbed by ecosystem and half contributes to increase atmospheric concentration. To compensate 1 ton of CO2,eq released into the atmosphere 4 m2 @ r = 0.9 ALBEDO surface are required in Rome. Which is the potential value of 1 m2 @ r = 0.9 in Rome today? 3 € for 30yrs exposure!!!!! ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 18. Users and applications INCOMINGS FROM 1.000 M2 OF HIGH ALBEDO SURFACES (r = 0.9) LOCALITY 1 LOCALITY 2 LOCALITY 3 NIAMEY ROME PARIS (NIGER) (ITALY) (FRANCE) 5.200 € 3.250 € 2.600 € 174 €/yrs 109 €/yrs 87 €/yrs HOW CAN WE GET IT ????? ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 19. Users and applications TASKS A proposal for certificate PROJECTS APPROVAL CREDITS ISSUING MARKET REGULATION PERIODIC ALBEDO MONITORING (AlbedoSat) ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 20. Albedo space mission The Albedo project needs specifc measuremt in terms of spatial resolution and spectral bandwidth that can’t be derived from current satellite missions Therefore it is needed to develop a new satellite specifically designed to accomplish the task. The satellite can be based on the already available Italian technology and small satellite design. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 21. Albedo space mission requirement • LEO orbit sunsynchronuos with altitude in the range of 400 - 500 km • Local time = 10-12 (10:30 target ) • Coverage worldwide • Revisit time: 6-8 months (can be reduce adding more satellites) • Payload: optical payload with multiband measurement ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 22. Mission requirement Payload Optical Payload will be composed of a pancromatic camera plus a channel covering the spectrum from 0,4 to 4,5 micron preliminary requirements for pan camera • Observation BW 0,4-0,9 micron • GSD:2-2,5m • nadir looking swath: 20x20 km2 • S/N>200 (nadir looking, time passage 10:30) • MTF>0,15 • Quantization (not compressed): 12 bit ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 23. Albedosat mission requirements Wide channel requirement • Banda di osservazione: 0.4-4.5 micron • Pixel spatial Resolution: 4-5 m • S/N: 200 @ 650 nm • Bits per sample :12 bits ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 24. Mission requirement Platform • Dry Mass 250 Kg (payload/piattaforma = 30%) • EOL Power: 150 W • Compatibility with a large range of launcher • Stabilization: 3 axis stabilized • Boresight pointing accuracy: < 0,1° on each axis • Pointing knowledge < 0,02° for each axis • Tilt manouvers: +/-65° along e cross track • Pointing velocity: 1°/sec • Life time: 5 years ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 25. AlbedoSat Mission Requirements Applications Pancromatic Wide spectrum Comments Camera channel Coverage Revisit Time resolution Applications Areas Vegetation Agriculture Land use and mapping Hydrology Coastal Resources Albedo ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 26. AlbedoSat mission architecture SATELLITE PAYLOAD PLATFORM PE (Payload Electronics) OBC X- Band TX S- Band TX/RC Image data Housekeeping data and Satellite macro tracking information commands GROUND SEGMENT USER SEGMENT GROUND CONTROL CENTER TT&C Station X- Band downlink Station Ancillary data Acquisition Data Data&Product SCC FDC Archive Catalogue (Satellite Control Center) (Flight Dynamics Center) Generation Product - Request acquisition plan - Modify/Delete acquisition plan - Planning MCC(Mission Control Center) Acceptance Mission Mission M&C Payload Planning M&C System Data&Product Data&Product retrieval Request Mission Mission Simulator Database System Data&Product Web Interface User request - Planning confirmation and delivery time acquisition - Last planning USER ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 27. Potential Actors & Implementation • Scientific organization (Kyoto Protocol, European Environment Agency, CNR, ISPRA) • Institutions (UE, Italian Ministery of Environment and Research, ASI) • Industry (Albedo Consortium, Italian and European SME, Chinese companies) • International partners (Italy-China-UE-Third World Development Countries) IMPLEMENTATION Public Private Partnership (World Bank, BEI, Albedo Consortium, Third World Development Countries, World Albedo Agency) The project will be also devoted to generate richness in the Third Development Countries implementing the augmentation the sun light reflection in large desertic areas or in extensive populated areas. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
- 28. Conclusions Cost of the project: 100 M€ 80M€ for satellite, 20M€ for the Albedo Agency. Italy will develop the satellite instrument (30M€) and China may provide the bus and the launch Return from the Investment Assuming to sell the certifications in a prince range from 2 to 5% of the value of carbon credits the Agency may gain from 2 to 5 € for each 100m2 surface certification. The surface annually cerficable may range from a minimum of 10.000.000.000m2 to the maximum allowed by satellite operations. From this conservative assumption the sustanaibility of the Albedo Agency is largely demonstrated. ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator