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- 1. POLICIES ON AGRARIAN REFORM by: Alexander D. Ralla
- 2. INTRODUCTION Agrarian reform it is olso focused on the political and economic class character of the relations of production and distribution in farming and related enterprises, and how these connect to the wider class structure.
- 3. LANDOWNERSHIP IN THE PHILIPPINES • In the Spaniards colonized the country, they brougth with them a system of pueblo agriculture • Families were not allowed to own their land--the king of Spain owned the land and Filipinos were assigned to these lands to cultivate them, and they pay their colonial tribute to the Spanish authorities in the form of agricultural products.
- 4. • Before the colonization, Filipinos had communal ownership of land. • From the encomienda system, the hacienda system developed in the beginning of the 19th century. • Where the Filipino worked manage the encomieda or the lands given to them.
- 5. LANDOWNERSHIP IN THE PHILIPPINES UNDER THE AMERECANS • The Philippine bill of 1902 provided regulations on the disposal of public lands . • A private individual may own 16 hectares of land while corporate landholders may have 1.024 hectares. • the Philippine commission also enacted Act NO. 496 or the land Regestration Act.
- 6. • Landownership did not improve during the Amerecan period; in fact, it even worsened. • President Quezon laid down a social justice program focused on the purchase of haciendas, which were to be divided and sold to tenants. • His administration also created the National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARICC) to assign public defenders to assist peasants in court battles for their rigth to the land. • World war II put a halt to all interventions to solve these problems, as the Japanese occupied the country.
- 7. • Rehabilitation and rebuilding after the war was focused on froviding solotion to the problems of the past. • The administration of President Roxas passed republic Act No. 34 to establish a 70-30 sharing arrangement between tenant and landlord. • Under the term of President Elpidio Quirino the land settelment Development corporation program for peasants. • Later on became the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) under the Administration of President Ramon Magsaysay. POST-WAR INTERVINTIONS TOWARD AGRARIAN REFORM
- 8. • The Agricultural Tenancy Commission was also established to administer problem created by tenancy • A major stride in land reform arrived during the term of president Diosdado macapagal through the Agricultural Land reform code (Republic Act No. 3844).
- 9. Declaration of policy under RA No. 3844 or Agricultural Land Reform Code Source: section 2 of RA 3844 it is the policy of the state: • 1. To reside in the locality where they are assigned, to disseminate technical information to farmers, and to demonstrate improved farm management practices and techniques; • 2. To work with individual farmers in farm planning and budgeting, guide them in the proper conduct of farm business and work out schedules of re-payment of loans obtained by farmers; • 3. To assist farmers in securing the services or assistance of other agencies, or their personnel, having to do with relevant activities and problems of farmers; • 4. To visit newly-established independent farm operators either singly or collectively at least once a month;
- 10. Source: section 2 of RA 3844 it is the policy of the state: • 5. To conduct educational activities that will acquaint leaseholders and other independent farm operators with their rights and responsibilities under this Code; • 6. To encourage the formation and growth of private associations, study clubs, committees and other organized groups of farmers, familiarize them with modern methods of farming and interest them to actively participate, collaborate or take the initiative in agricultural research, experimentation and implementation of projects in cooperation with the Agricultural Productivity Commissioner and other agencies; and • 7. To promote, stimulate and assist in the organization of farmers' cooperatives. Declaration of policy under RA No. 3844 or Agricultural Land Reform Code
- 11. Agrarian Reform effort under Maros • By the Marcos administration to become the Code of Agrarian Reforms (1971 Code), sought to establish owner-cultivatorship or cooperative-cultivatorship among those who lived and worked on the land as tillers. • President Marcos declared martial law (International Labor Office, 1974). Five days later, Presidential Decree 27 (PD 27) designated the entire country a land reform area and declared land reform the “cornerstone of the New Society.”
- 12. • Republic Act No. 6389, (Code of Agrarian Reform) and RA No. 6390 of 1971 -- Created the Department of Agrarian Reform and the Agrarian Reform Special Account Fund. It strengthen the position of farmers and expanded the scope of agrarian reform. • Presidential Decree No. 2, September 26, 1972 -- Declared the country under land reform program. It enjoined all agencies and offices of the government to extend full cooperation and assistance to the DAR. It also activated the Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council. • Presidential Decree No. 27, October 21, 1972 -- Restricted land reform scope to tenanted rice and corn lands and set the retention limit at 7 hectares. President Marcos enacted the following laws.
- 13. • Executive Order No. 229, July 22, 1987 – Provided mechanism for the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). • Proclamation No. 131, July 22, 1987 – Instituted the CARP as a major program of the government. It provided for a special fund known as the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF), with an initial amount of Php50 billion to cover the estimated cost of the program from 1987-1992. President Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992)
- 14. President Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998) • When President Fidel V. Ramos formally took over in 1992, his administration came face to face with publics who have lost confidence in the agrarian reform program. • His administration committed to the vision “Fairer, faster and more meaningful implementation of the Agrarian Reform Program. President Fidel V. Ramos enacted the following laws:
- 15. President Joseph E. Estrada (1998-2000) • “ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP”. • This was the battle cry that endeared President Joseph Estrada and made him very popular during the 1998 presidential election. • Executive Order N0. 151, September 1999 (Farmer’s Trust Fund) – Allowed the voluntary consolidation of small farm operation into medium and large scale integrated enterprise that can access long-term capital.
- 16. President Gloria Macapacal-Arroyo (2000- 2010) • The agrarian reform program under the Arroyo administration is anchored on the vision “To make the countryside economically viable for the Filipino family by building partnership and promoting social equity and new economic opportunities towards lasting peace and sustainable rural development.” • Land Tenure Improvement - DAR will remain vigorous in implementing land acquisition and distribution component of CARP. The DAR will improve land tenure system through land distribution and leasehold.
- 17. President Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016) • Aquino III vowed during his 2012 State of the Nation Address that he would complete before the end of his term the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), the centerpiece program of the administration of his mother, President Corazon Aquino. • The younger Aquino distributed their family-owned Hacienda Luisita in Tarlac. Apart from the said farm lots, he also promised to complete the distribution of privately-owned lands of productive agricultural estates in the country that have escaped the coverage of the program. • Under his administration, the Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support Services (ARCCESS) project was created to contribute to the overall goal of rural poverty reduction especially in agrarian reform areas.
- 18. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016 -2022) • Under his leadership, the President wants to pursue an “aggressive” land reform program that would help alleviate the life of poor Filipino farmers by prioritizing the provision of support services alongside land distribution. • The President directed the DAR to launch the 2nd phase of agrarian reform where landless farmers would be awarded with undistributed lands under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). • Duterte plans to place almost all public lands, including military reserves, under agrarian reform