The document discusses different programming structures for selection/decision making in algorithms, including IF-THEN, IF-THEN-ELSE, and CASE structures. It provides examples of algorithms using each structure to determine the data type of a number, calculate employee pay based on work hours, and determine the name of a month from its number. The CASE structure is described as being simpler than nested IF-THEN-ELSE statements for multiple conditions, though some programming languages may not support CASE and require IF-THEN-ELSE equivalents instead.