Alice ppt ch01
- 1. About the Presentations • The presentations cover the objectives found in the opening of each chapter. • All chapter objectives are listed in the beginning of each presentation. • You may customize the presentations to fit your class needs. • Some figures from the chapters are included. A complete set of images from the book can be found on the Instructor Resources disc. 1
- 2. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition Chapter 1 An Introduction to Alice and Object-Oriented Programming
- 3. Objectives After finishing this chapter, you should be able to: • Provide a brief definition of the following terms: – Algorithm, computer program, object, property, method, state of an object, object-oriented programming (OOP), computer programming language, Integrated Development Environment (IDE), function, event, class, instance, instantiation, and method parameter An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 3
- 4. Objectives (cont’d.) • Run the Alice software and locate and describe the following components of the Alice interface: – World window, Object tree, Details area, Editor area, Events area, menu bar, Trash can icon, Clipboard icon, Play button, Undo button, and Redo button • Load and play an existing Alice world An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 4
- 5. Objectives (cont’d.) • Create a new Alice world by adding objects to a blank world, positioning them, and using simple methods to animate those objects • Print the code for Alice methods and events • Save an Alice world as a QuickTime movie file (*.mov) An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 5
- 6. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 6 Object-Oriented Programming and Alice • Algorithm – A step-by-step process • Methods – Programs that manipulate the properties of an object • Object – Collection of properties along with the methods that are used to manipulate those properties • State of an object – Values stored in the properties of an object at any given time
- 7. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 7 Tutorial 1A – Exploring the Alice Interface • Start the Alice software – Integrated Development Environment (IDE) • Computer program that is used to write other computer programs • Welcome to Alice! dialog box has five tabs – Tutorial, Recent Worlds, Templates, Examples, and Open a world • Click the Tutorial tab and you will see four Alice tutorials
- 8. 8An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 9. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 9 Tutorial 1A – Exploring the Alice Interface (cont’d.) • Click the Recent Worlds tab – You will see thumbnail sketches of the most recently saved Alice worlds • Click the Templates tab – Templates for starting a new virtual world - dirt, grass, sand, snow, space, and water • Click the Examples tab – Example worlds created by the Alice developers are provided
- 10. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 10 Tutorial 1A – Exploring the Alice Interface (cont’d.) • Click the Open a world tab – Tab is used to access Alice worlds saved on your computer • Click the Examples tab – Click the lakeSkater thumbnail – Click the Open button to open the lakeSkater Alice world
- 11. 11An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 12. 12An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 13. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 13 Tutorial 1A – Exploring the Alice Interface (cont’d.) • The main work areas of the Alice interface – The World window • Contains a view of the lakeSkater virtual world • Set of blue arrows below the window controls the Alice camera – The Object tree • Appears to the left of the World window • Shows the objects in the current Alice world organized as a tree of tiles
- 14. Tutorial 1A – Exploring the Alice Interface (cont’d.) • The main work areas of the Alice interface (cont’d.) – The Details area • Located below the Object tree • Has tabs to show properties, methods, and functions for the currently selected Alice object • Function: method that returns a value, such as the distance between two objects – The Editor area • Largest area of the Alice interface An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 14
- 15. Tutorial 1A – Exploring the Alice Interface (cont’d.) • The main work areas of the Alice interface (cont’d.) – The Events area • Above the Editor area • Shows existing events and is used to create new events • Event: consists of a condition, called an event trigger, and a method, called an event handler An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 15
- 16. Tutorial 1A – Exploring the Alice Interface (cont’d.) • Other elements of the Alice interface – Trash can icon and the Clipboard icon are used for editing – Undo and Redo buttons • Useful for editing an Alice world – Play button is used to play an Alice world • Menus – Alice interface has a menu bar at the top of the screen with four menus: File, Edit, Tools, and Help An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 16
- 17. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 17 Tutorial 1B – Playing an Alice World • Buttons near the top of the Alice interface – Play, Undo, and Redo • Click the Play button to watch the show unfold • New window has a speed slider control and five buttons across the top of the window – Pause – Play – Restart – Stop – Take Picture
- 18. 18An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 19. Tutorial 1B – Playing an Alice World • The Restart button – Used to begin playing the current world again from the beginning – The Pause and Play buttons work like the pause and play buttons on a DVD player – Click the Restart button – Experiment with the Pause and Play buttons An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 19
- 20. Tutorial 1B – Playing an Alice World (cont’d.) • Speed slider – Used to change the speed of the world while it is playing – Restart the world, and experiment with the speed slider control • Take Picture button – Captures an image of the currently playing world and saves it in a data file – Restart the world and click the Take Picture button to take a picture of the world An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 20
- 21. Tutorial 1B – Playing an Alice World (cont’d.) • Stop button – Stops the world that is currently playing and returns you to the standard Alice interface – Once pressed, you will need to click the standard interface’s Play button to replay the world An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 21
- 22. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 22 Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World • Start the Alice software • In the Welcome to Alice! dialog box, click the Templates tab • Thumbnail sketches for the six new world templates – Dirt, grass, sand, snow, space, and water
- 23. 23An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 24. 24An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 25. Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.) • Adding objects to an Alice world – Click the large green ADD OBJECTS button in the bottom-right corner of the World window – Note that the Alice interface now looks different – Scene Editor • Has new controls, a larger World window, and object galleries on the bottom • Replaces the Events area and the Editor area when you are in Scene Editor mode An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 25
- 26. 26An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 27. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 27 Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.) • Adding objects to an Alice world (cont’d.) – Explore the galleries before preparing to add objects to your new world • Click the folder icon on the gallery navigation bar to move up one level in the tree of galleries • Click the Local Gallery icon to go back to the Local Gallery • Find and click the Animals folder icon to open the folder
- 28. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 28
- 29. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 29 Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.) • Object classes and instances in Alice – Class • Group of objects with the same properties and the same methods – Objects in the same class • Virtually identical to each other • Values stored in some properties may be different – Instance of the object • Each copy of an object from a particular class
- 30. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 30 Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.) • Object classes and instances in Alice (cont’d.) – To instantiate a Bunny class object • Click the Class Bunny icon • Click the Add instance to world button to put a bunny into the world • Add an object to an Alice world by clicking an object class tile and dragging it into place in the World window • You should now have an Alice world with two objects - a bunny and a chicken
- 31. 31An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 32. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 32 Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.) • Positioning objects – Layout tools can be used to manipulate objects – Pointer tool is already selected • Experiment a bit by using the pointer to click the bunny and move it around the screen – Click the Rotate tool and try turning the bunny a few times – Before exiting Scene Editor mode • Properly position the bunny in its starting position for the new Alice world you are creating
- 33. 33An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 34. 34An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 35. Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.) • Positioning objects (cont’d.) – After the bunny is in position, click the large green DONE button to close the Scene Editor • Adding some action – Click the World tile in the Object tree in the upper-left corner of the interface – Click the methods tab in the Details area – Click the bunny tile in the Object tree – Make sure methods tab is selected in the Details area • Find and drag the bunny move tile into the middle of world.my first method An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 35
- 36. 36An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 37. Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.) • Adding some action (cont’d.) – Select forward for the direction, and then 1 meter for the amount – To test your world, click the Play button – To change the amount the bunny moves, click the 1 meter parameter in the move tile in your new method • Choose one of the values in the drop-down menu An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 37
- 38. Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.) • Adding some action (cont’d.) – Find the bunny turn to face method tile • Parameter - object you want the bunny to face • Drag the bunny turn to face tile into the Editor area • Choose camera as the object you want the bunny to face An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 38
- 39. • Adding some action (cont’d.) – Add two tiles to make the bunny speak, then save the world – Find and drag the bunny say tile into the Editor area and drop it below your other two instructions – When the parameter menu appears, click other, and then type Hello, World! An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 39 Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.)
- 40. • To add another instruction and save your world: – Add another bunny say tile to make the bunny say “Hello, Dr. Kernighan!” – Play your world again – To save the world you created • Click the File menu and then click Save World – Decide where you want to save the world – Type the name hello world, with no punctuation, in the File name box An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 40 Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.)
- 41. 41An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 42. Tutorial 1C – Creating Your First Alice World (cont’d.) • Closing and reloading a saved world – Click File on the menu bar, and then click Exit – Reopen the Alice software – Click the Recent Worlds tab in the Welcome to Alice! dialog box – Open the hello world world that you created An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 42
- 43. Tutorial 1D – Printing Code From an Alice World • Click File on the menu bar – Use Export Code For Printing • Notice that you need to tell the computer what to print – Make sure that the boxes in front of both items are checked • Tell Alice where you want to save the HTML file • Add your name as the author of the code • Click the Export Code button to create the new HTML document An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 43
- 44. 44An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 45. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 45 Tutorial 1E – Saving an Alice World as a Movie File • Start Alice, and open the hello world Alice world that you created in Tutorial 1C • Click the Play button • Click the Restart button if you wish to view the world again • Click File on the Menu bar – Then click the Export Video option • Click the Save button to save the world
- 46. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 46 Tutorial 1E – Saving an Alice World as a Movie File (cont’d.) • Type the name of your movie file in the File name box • Click the Record button to start recording – Click the Stop Recording button to finish recording • Export the recorded video to a file • Click the Stop button to close the window – Close the Alice software
- 47. 47An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition
- 48. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 48 Summary • Algorithm – Step-by-step process • Computer programs are algorithms • Most modern computer programming languages are object-oriented languages • Object – Collection of properties and methods that can be used to manipulate those properties
- 49. An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 49 Summary (cont’d.) • State of the object – Values stored in the properties of the object at any given time • Class of objects – Collection of all objects that have the same properties and methods • Instance of that class – Each individual object in a class
- 50. Summary (cont’d.) • Alice uses an object-oriented style of programming • Alice makes it easier to learn programming because: – It requires minimal memorization of syntax and it provides visualization and rapid feedback An Introduction to Programming Using Alice 2.2, Second Edition 50