All Ceramic Materials.pptx
- 1. All Ceramic Restoration Dr.Rizwana Anjum MDS Dept Of Prosthodontics Navodaya Dental College
- 2. ALL CERAMIC RESTORATION. All ceramic systems can provide better esthetics. Wide range of tranlucency opacities are available
- 3. Classification • 1.Condensed Sintered/Porcelein Jacket Crown • a.Traditional Jacket Crown • b.PJC aluminous core )Hi Ceram) • C.PJC Leucite reinforced core(optec ) • 2.Castable Glass Ceramic/Dicor/Cast glass ceramic • 3.Pressable Glass Ceramic/heat pressed/Hot isostatically pressed ceramic/Injection molded Ceramic • a.Heat pressed Glass ceramic • b.Heat pressed veenering Ceramic • 4.Slip Cast Glass Infiltrated Ceramic • a.Glass Infiltrated Alluminous Core(In-Ceram) • b.Glass Infiltered Spinell Core(Inceram Spinell) • C.Glass Infiltered Zirconia Core(Inceram-Zirconia)
- 4. 5.Milled Ceramic Restoration/ Core a.Cad Cam b.Copy Milled
- 5. • Traditional PJC/Conventional PJC: • They are made by high fusing Feldpathic porcelein. • They r v.brittle & tend to fracture • Marginal adaptability is so poor • So,they gradually lost there popularity
- 6. PCJ With Aluminous porcelains • Mclean and Hughes developed aluminous porcelain in 1965 • As an alternative to PFM • Objective of this technique- to improve the esthetics • It contains 40-50% alumina USE - anterior teeth
- 7. 8 • Indications – Individual anterior teeth when excellent aesthetic is required. • Contraindications – Heavy occlusion or bruxism – Short clinical crowns – Patients requiring splinting of teeth
- 8. 9 • Advantages – Strength – Aesthetics • Disadvantages – Limited to anterior tooth placement
- 9. phillips PORCELAIN JACKET CROWN ARE MADE(PLATINUM FMT) PLATINUM FOIL IS ADAPTED TO THE DIE THE CORE PORCELAIN IS CONDENSED PLACED IN THE FURNACE AND FIRED AFTER COOLING REST OF THE CROWN IS BUILT REMOVE THE FOIL
- 10. LEUCITE REINFORCED PORCELAIN(Optec-HSP) • It is a feldspathic porcelain with a higher leucite crystal content. • Its manipulation ,condensation and firing quite similar to alumina reinforced porcelain jacket crown • USES – inlay,onlays ,veenersand low stress area.
- 11. 12 Leucite reinforced ceramics • Weinston and Weinston 1962 • 45% tetragonal leucite crystals • High flexural strength 104 MPa • High coefficient of thermal expansion – Tangential compressive stresses in glass
- 12. 13 • Advantages – More esthetic than aluminous core – Higher strength – No special lab equipment • Disadvantages – Marginal inaccuracy – Not strong for posterior teeth
- 13. CASTABLE GLASS CERAMIC/CERAPEARL First commercially available castable ceramic-dicor,developed by corning glass works. Dicor is a castable glass and restoration is made by “LOST WAX CASTING PROCESS” 1984 - Adair and Grossman
- 14. Indicated for inlay ,facial veneers or full crown restorations. It contains about 55 vol% of tetrasilicic fluormica crystals • Produces excellent esthetics because of the “chameleon” effect. PHILLIPS
- 15. • ADVANTAGES - ease of fabrication improved esthetics good marginal fit minimal processing shrinkage moderately high flexural strength DISADVANTAGES - inadequate strength for posterior use inability to coloured internally
- 16. FABRICATION(PHILLIPS) PATTERN CONSTUCTED IN WAX(INVESTED WITH IM) BURNING OUT THE WAX DICOR GLASS MELTED AND CAST INTO MOLD(CENTRIFUG AL CASTING MACHINE) CERAMMING BUILT UP WITH VENEERING PORCELAIN &FIRED
- 17. • CERAMMIMG: • It is heat treatment procedureby which glass is strengthed. • It results in developing of microscopic crystals of mica,which • A.Improves strength and toughness of the glass • B.Improves the esthetic of the restoration,it reduces tranparency of glass making more opaque and less glass like.
- 18. 19 Properties – Increased strength and toughness – Increased resistance to abrasion – Increased thermal shock resistance – Increased chemical durability – Decreased translucency
- 19. 20 • Indications – Veneers – Inlays – Onlays – Anterior and posterior crowns – Three-quarter crowns.
- 20. 21 • Contraindications – Strong lateral forces – Heavy bruxism and wear – Short clinical teeth – Large pulp
- 21. 22 • Advantages – Ease of fabrication – Improved esthetics – “chameleon effect” – Minimal processing shrinkage – Good marginal fit – Moderately high flexural strength – Low thermal expansion – Less abrasiveness
- 22. 23 • Disadvantages – Limited to use in low stress areas – Inability to color intrinsically – Low tensile strength – Technique sensitive – High failure rate – 35%
- 23. 24 Heat Pressed Glass Ceramics (Injection Moulded) • Mc Culloh in1968 • Application of external pressure to sinter and shape ceramics
- 24. Types & Mode of Supply • Supplied as Ingots • 1.Heat Pressed Glass Ceramics • a.Leucite KAlSi2O6 reinforced (IPS Empress,Cerpress,Optimal) • b.Leucite Disilicate Reinforced(IPS Empress 2) • 2.Heat Pressed Veneering Ceramics use as pressed layer over machine ceramics(IPS ZirPress,Vita PM9)
- 25. 26 • Advantages:- – Lack of metal – Translucent ceramic core – Moderately high flexural strength – Excellent fit
- 26. 27 • Disadvantages:- – Potential to fracture in posterior areas – Need special laboratory equipment – Less fracture toughness than alumina reinforced crowns
- 27. IPS Empress
- 28. 29 Fabrication Of Injection Moulded Ceramic Wax pattern fabricated Ingot and plugger heated to 1165 °C at 0.4 MPa Temp maintained for 20 min Core built up Layering /Staining technique
- 29. 2. Leucite glass-ceramics molding furnace chamber (1075, or 1180 °C) pressure unit pressing plunger (1.8 - 2.0 MPa) Al2O3 plunger glass-ceramic ingot specimen investment cylinder II IPS Empress® lost wax technique mold
- 30. GLASS INFILTRATED RESTORATION(SLIP-CAST CERAMICS) There are 3 types depending o n core material used 1)in-ceram spinell 2)in-ceram alumina 3)in-ceram zirconia
- 31. Glass infiltrated alumina core porcelain-INCERAM(ICA) phillips • The core of ICA consists of 70 wt% alumina infiltrated with 30wt% sodium lanthanum glass. Advantages Four times more strength than other ceramics Enhanced marginal adaptation • Disadvantages Poor esthetics Complex procedure Cost • Indications Anterior crowns and bridges Posterior crowns
- 32. Glass infiltrated spinell core (INCERAM SPINELL) (ICS) • Offshoot of inceram alumina • It uses MgAl2O4 • More translucent and so more esthetic • Strength is low • phillips
- 33. INCERAM – ZIRCONIA (ICZ) • Has a core of 30 wt % zirconia and 70 wt % alumina • Strongest and toughest of all three core ceramics • Its use is limited to posterior crowns and FPDs because of its high level of core opacity
- 34. 35 Slip Casting Technique Two dies Slip applied Sintering at 1100oC for 2 hrs Glass infiltration step at 1120°C Core fabricated
- 35. • Two dies r required.1 for stone &other in refractory die material • Preparing d slip-measured quantity(38)of alumina powder is added slowly into a beaker containing 1 ampoule of mixing liquid and a drop of additive liquid. mixing is done with help of special ultra sonic unit. The water in the vitasonic should be chilled using ice cubes.The prepared slip should b smooth and homogenous .The slip is applied on to d refractory die using the slip cast method.
- 36. • Once started slip should not be allowed to dry out before the coping is completed. The process is continued until an alumina coping of sufficient thickness is obtained • The fragile slip cast alumina coping is dried at 120degree centigrade for 2 hrs. • The coping is sintered for 10hrs at 1120 • After sintering the copings are tested for cracks using special dye
- 37. • The next step is glass infiltration.Glass powder is mixed with distilled water.1 or 2 thick coats is applied on to the sintered alumina coping and fired for 2 to 3 hrs at 1110degree centigrade on a platinum foil. The glass melts and infiltrates into the porous alumina coping through capillary action. • The excess glass forms a glassy layer on the surface which is trimmed of using special diamond burs, followed by sand blasting.
- 38. • The glass firing is caried out. • The coping is then built up using special veneering ceramics`
- 39. CAD-CAM ceramics •Computer aided designing and computer aided milling . •The internal surface of inlays or crowns is ground with diamond discs according to the scanned image of the praparation
- 40. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology which was developed in the late 1980s for dentistry, incorporates the above mentioned techniques and it significantly reduced and/or eliminated problems associated with dental castings. 4 1
- 41. In dentistry, the major developments of dental CAD/CAM systems occurred in the 1980s. Dr. Duret – developer of Sopha System Dr. Moermann - the developer of the CEREC system Dr. Andersson - the developer of the Procera system 42
- 43. CAD/CAM SYSTEMS All CAD/CAMsystems consist of three components: 1) A digitalization tool/scanner that transforms geometry into digital data that can be processed by the computer 2) Software that processes data and, depending on the application, produces a data set for the product to be fabricated 3) A production technology that transforms the data set into the desiredproduct. 20
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- 45. CAD/CAM - PRODUCTION CONCEPTS Depending on the location of the components of the CAD/CAM systems, in dentistry three different production conceptsare available: 1) chairside production 2) laboratory production 3) centralised fabrication in aproductioncentre. 22
- 47. CAD/CAMcomponents can be groupedinto three: 1) Scanner / Data collectingtool 2) Design software 3) Processing devices 48
- 48. 1. Scanner 49 It includes the data collection tools that measure three dimensional jaw and tooth structures and transform them into digital data sets. Basically there are two different scanning possibilities: 1) optical scanners 2) mechanical scanners.
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- 51. 3.a) 3-axis milling devices 52 This type of milling device has degrees of movement in the three spatial directions, and so the mill path points are uniquely defined by the X -, Y -, and Z – values A milling of subsections, axis divergences and convergences, however, is not possible This demands a virtual blocking in such areas
- 52. The advantages of these milling devices are short milling times and simplified control by means of the three axis. Also these devices are less costly than those with a higher number of axes. Examples of 3-axis devises: inLab (Sirona), Lava (3MESPE), Cercon brain(DeguDent). 53
- 53. 3.b) 4-axis milling devices 54 In addition to the three spatial axes, the tension bridge for the component can also be turned infinitely variably . As a result it is possible to adjust constructions with a large vertical bridge height displacement into the usual mould dimensions and thus save material and milling time. Example: Zeno (Wieland-Imes).
- 54. 3.c) 5-axis milling devices In addition to the three spatial dimensions and the rotatable tension bridge (4th axis), the 5-axis milling device has the possibility of rotating the milling spindle (5th axis) This enables the milling of complex geometries with complex shapes such as denture base resins. Trial of a Cad/Cam system for fabricating dentures-Dental materials journal-2011 45
- 55. Example in the Engine (KaVo). Example in the 56 Laboratory Area: Everest Production Centre: HSC Milling Device (etkon).
- 56. MILLING VARIANTS Dry processing Applied mainly with respect to zirconium oxide blanks with a low degree of pre-sintering. Advavtages: Minimal investment costs for the millingdevice No moisture absorption by the die ZrO2mould Disadvantages: Higher shrinkage values for theframeworks. 48
- 57. Wet milling In this process the milling diamond or carbide cutter is protected by a spray of cool liquid against overheating of the milled material. Useful for all metals and glass ceramic material in order to avoid damage through heat development. ‘Wet’ processing is recommended, if zirconium oxide ceramic with a higher degree of pre-sintering is employed for the milling process. 58
- 58. Examples: Everest (KaVo), Zeno 8060 (Wieland-Imes), inLab (Sirona). 59
- 59. 3 D PRINTING It is another manufacturing approach to build objects, one layer at a time and adding multiple layers to form an object. It is also known as additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping (RP). 60
- 61. Materials 62 Materials for processing by CAD/CAM devices depends on the respective production system Some milling devices are specifically designed for the production ZrO2 frames, while others cover the complete palette of materials from resins to glass ceramics and high performance ceramics.
- 62. The materials normally processedby CAD/CAMsystems include: 1) Metals 2) Resin materials 3) Silica based ceramics 4) Infiltrated ceramics 5) Oxide ceramics 63
- 64. CAD/CAM systems may be categorized as: In-officesystem Laboratory based system Milling center system 87
- 66. CEREC 67 Sirona, with their CEREC line of products, is the only manufacturer that currently provides both in-office and laboratory-based systems. CEREC 1 and CEREC 2 – optical scan of the prepared tooth with a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera, and the system automatically generates a 3D digital image on the monitor Then, the restoration is designed and milled
- 68. CEREC inLab 69 It is a laboratory-based system Working dies are laser-scanned and a digital image of the virtual model is displayed on a computer screen. After designing the coping or framework, the laboratory technician inserts the appropriate ceramic block into the CEREC inLab machine for milling.
- 70. Procera 71 Procera/AllCeram was introduced in 1994 Uses an innovative concept for generating alumina and zirconia copings. The master die is scanned and the data is send to the processing center. After processing,the coping is send back to the lab for porcelain veneering.
- 71. Advantages 130
- 72. The advantages of using CAD/CAM technology for the fabrication of crowns and FPDs can be summarized as: 1) application of new materials 2) reduced labor 3) cost effectiveness and 4) quality control. 73
- 73. Draw backs : 74 Need for costlyequipment Need for extendedtraining Technique sensitive Inability to image in a wet environment
- 74. T oconclude, As Duret stated, “The systems will continue to improve in versatility, accuracy, and cost effectiveness and will be a part of routine dental practice in comingtime”. 75