Alternative modalities and complementary system
- 3. INTRODUCTION The widely used term COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (C.A.M.) refers to an investigations that are complementary as well as alternative. People without medical degrees practice many of these modalities. ALTERNATIVE- practice or healing techniques that are not generally taught in medical school. It not include in traditional medical care COMPLEMENTARY- techniques could be used to complement and enhance the biomedical treatment.it sed can b used with traditional medicine
- 4. DEFINATION Alternative/complementary modalities have been defined as a treatment techniques whose goals are to evoke healing, taking into account the body-mind-spirit connection of every individual. -Dosser,1995
- 5. REASONS TO USE C.A.M. Poor prognosis Provide comfort Desire’s to be more active in one’s health care Reduce side effect of treatment Reduce side effect of diseases Philosophical or cultural orientation Less expensive Dissatisfaction with or loss of trust in conventional medicines Desire to treat the disease in a natural way Decrease the feeling of happiness and hopelessness Improve immune system Improve quality of life
- 7. HOLISM It is a theory and philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole.
- 8. HOLISM Conti… Using a holistic perspective, all living organisms, including humans, are continuously connecting and interacting with their environment. This continual interaction and change means that the body is not the sum of its parts (as in reductionism), but that it is a unified, dynamic whole.
- 9. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine National Institutes of Health established NCCAM. Purposes: Fund studies evaluating effectiveness of C.A.M. Advance health professional knowledge: C.A.M. Serve as a clearinghouse for information about these therapies. C.A.M. has 5 domains under it:
- 11. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE SYSEM Complete system of theory and practice that evolved independently on biomedical approach. Working with internal natural force to achieve harmonic state
- 12. 1.Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM as a healing system is thousands of years old. A principle of TCM is that the interaction of people with their environment is most significant in creating health The concept most central to TCM is or chi (pronounced ), which is translated as energy. Qi represents an invisible flow of energy that circulates through plants, animals, and people as well as the earth and sky.
- 13. 2.Ayurvedic medicine AUR (Life) and VEDA (Knowledge) It is a science of life that delineates the diet, medicines and behaviors that the beneficial or harmful for life. Ayurveda consider that balance among people the environment and the integral to human health. - Bright 2002 Oriented in Vedic civilization in India 400 yrs. ago DOSHA (basic constitution)
- 15. NURSING CONSIDERATION Special dietary Meditation Desire to continue taking herbal or supplementary regimen
- 16. 3.Homeopathic medicine Samuel Hahnemoan,a german physician 200yrs ago Homeopathy is based on the belief of supporting the body while the symptoms are allowed to “run their course.” Homeopaths believe that this process stimulates and strengthens the immune system and promotes healing Allopath suppress the symptoms but the condition goes deeper
- 17. 3.Homeopathic medicine Homeopathic practice is based on two fundamental laws. The Law of Similars states that a natural substance that produces a given symptom in a healthy person will cure it in a sick person. The Law of Infinitesimals states that the smallest dose possible will have the desired effect. Remedies
- 18. 4.Naturopathic medicine begans in the early 1900’s in united state Emphasis on client responsibility, client education, health maintenance, and disease prevention. It may be the model health system of the future with the movement toward healthy lifestyles, healthy diets, and preventive health care”
- 19. 4.Naturopathic medicine Conti.. Therapies strive to support the self- healing mechanism of the body And restorative power of nature. It relied on natural healing approaches such as herbs , nutrition , movement and manipulation of body.
- 20. 5.AMERICAN –INDIAN MEDICINE A system of healing physical illness is attributed to spiritual causes of spirit The central figure in this method is medicine man often called SHAMAN SHAMAN & train spiritual healers who seek to drive the evil spirit by shamanistic method
- 23. 1. MEDITATION It seeks to change one’s physiology to more relaxed state and altered one’s perception to an increased acceptance of reality. Wright (2001) Self directed practice for relaxing the body and calming the mind. State of consciousness in which individual eliminates environmental stimuli from awareness, producing a state of relaxation and stress relief.
- 24. INDICATIONS FOR MEDITATION - Anxiety or tension - Chronic bereavement - Chronic fatigue syndrome - Drug abuse - Irritability - Hypertension - Mild depression - Low self esteem or self blame - Sleep disorders - Psychological disorders
- 25. BENIFITS Reduce anxiety Relaxation Reduce level of lactic acid Slowed down heart rate Decreased blood pressure Improve function of immune system Reduce pain Improve health
- 26. LIMITATIONS Some may have hypersensitivity to mediation and require less time than average 15-20mts. Over meditation should be avoided Over meditation in a patient with history of psychosis may precipitate psychoses episode. It augments the effect of certain medications so precautions should be taken to alter the dose of medicines.
- 27. 2. RELAXATION THERAPY It promote parasympathetic activity helps to reduce sympathetic activity & restore the balance of system.
- 28. TYPES Progressive relaxation: one learns to detect the subtle localized sensations of muscle tension in one muscle group and then multiple muscle groups. Reduce mental activity is reduced by focusing on muscle contraction and relaxation. Passive relaxation: involves teaching the individual to relax muscles passively (without contracting them). - E.g. deep breathing.
- 29. CLINICAL APPLICATION lowering heart rate, HR,RR and muscle tension improving well being and reducing symptom distress in combination with imagery, yoga etc. known to reduce pain, improve emotional wellbeing and immune functions.
- 30. LIMITATIONS fear of loss of control, feeling like they are floating In advance diseased patients relaxation therapy would not be appropriate
- 31. FOR PATIENT AND NURSE PATIENT REDUCE ANXIETY REDUCE PAIN ENHANCE SLEEP, REST SENSE OF WELLBEIN G NURSE SELF CARE PROGRAM ANYWHERE & ANYTIME DEAL PERSONAL STRESS
- 33. 3.MUSIC THERAPY Use of musical or rhythmic interventions specifically selected by a music therapist to accomplish the restoration, maintenance, or improvement of social or emotional functioning, mental processing, or physical health of an older individual
- 34. 4.IMAGERY Formation of mental concepts, figures and ideas applied therapeutically to decrease anxiety. Mental process and a variety of procedures to encourage changes in attitudes, behavior, or physiologic reactions. It uses the conscious mind to create mental images to evoke physical changes in the body, improve sense of well being and enhance self awareness. It is of two types: self directed ( individual creates his own mental images) guided ( practitioner leads the individual through the particular scenario) AUDIO GUIDENCE , VISUAL GUIDENCE
- 35. CLINICAL APPICATIONS - Control or relief of pain - Decrease blood pressure - Decrease blood glucose levels (Diabetes) - Decrease allergy and respiratory symptoms - Decrease the severity of headaches - achieve calmness and serenity - treatment of chronic conditions as asthma, hypertension and GI disorders Reduce nausea and vomiting Promoting comfort during cancer treatment Decrease anxiety
- 36. LIMITATION Day dreaming Emotionally unstable and cognitively impaired client
- 37. 5.ART THERAPY A form of expressive therapy that uses art materials, such as paints, chalk and markers. Based on the belief that the creative process of art is both healing and life-enhancing.
- 38. ADVANTAGES -Increase insight and judgment, -Cope better with stress, -Increase cognitive abilities, -Have better relationships with family and friends.
- 39. USES For managers and staff under pressure For people who are generally stressed and overworked For people with mental health problems For people with severe learning difficulties For children and young people who have problems conforming in school and with personal problems at home For people who feel they are problem free but would like the opportunity to explore issues within themselves
- 40. 6.BIO-FEED BACK It helps the client to control the physiological functions that are most difficult to control e.g. in stroke patients muscle recovery
- 41. 7.LAUGHTER THERAPY HUMOR THRAPY •Books,shows,movies or stories to enhance spontaneous discussion CLOWN THERAPY •Perform personal hygiene for others
- 42. 8. HYPNOSIS act or process which produces or is intended to produce in any person any form of induced sleep in which the susceptibility of the person's mind to suggestion or direction is increased or is intended to be increased, where such a condition is used or intended to be used in the treatment of any human ill, disease, injury, or for any other therapeutic purpose condition is used or intended to be used in the treatment of any human ill, disease, injury, or for any other therapeutic purpose.
- 43. PHASES
- 45. APPLICATIONS Psychologists and psychiatrists use hypnosis predominantly for the treatment of Dissociative disorders, Phobies, Habit change, Dépression and Post-traumatique syndromes Medicine and dentistry Education Surgery Entertainment
- 47. 1. HERBALISM A traditional medicinal or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants and plant extracts. Also called as herbal medicine, herb ology, and phototherapy.
- 48. USES Herbal bath: with hot water disperse the qualities of herbs. Herbal wrap: body is enveloped in warm linen sheets which have been soaked in a special blend of herbs. Aloe Vera: heals burns,wounds;stimulates cell regeneration and has antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral properties. Ginger: cleanses the colon and useful for bowel disorders.
- 49. MANIPULATIVE & BODY BASED THERAPY
- 50. 1.ACCUPUNCTURE Acupuncture consists of placing very thin, short, sterile needles at particular acupoints, believed to be centers of nerve and vascular tissue, along a meridian
- 51. YIN and YANG Qi is further viewed as either yin or yang energy. Opposites and complementary, Health is present when they are in balance in a person and his or her total environment. An imbalance of yin and yang is considered to be the cause of illness
- 52. TECHNIQUE involves penetrating the skin with thin, solid, metallic needles that are manipulated by the hands or by electrical stimulation. People experience acupuncture differently, but most feel no or minimal pain as the needles is inserted. Some people feel energized by treatment, while others feel relaxed. Mode of action: it is thought that acupuncture needling releases endorphins and other neurotransmitters in the brain. Duration: Treatment may take place over a period of several weeks or more. Uses: in vomiting and pain relief of cancer patients.
- 53. CONTI….. Risk and complications: Improper needle placement, movement of the patient, or a defect in the needle can cause soreness and pain during treatment. Other complications are: 1. Small bruises on the insertion site 2. pneumothorax 3. Infections and 4. Punctured organs.
- 54. 2.ACCUPRESSURE It is pressing of the single point or specific points to relieve pain and stress in a particular area of the body. It is used as an adjunct therapy to either acupuncture or massage. It promotes relaxation and comfort. Caution: should not be applied near areas of fractures, broken bones or near blood clots, wounds, sore and bruises.
- 55. 3.MASSAGE THERAPY Acting and manipulating the patient's body soft tissue - the skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia with pressure, tension, motion, or vibration done manually or with mechanical aids. Used in 1. Pain relief (e.g. back pain, headache) 2. Reducing anxiety 3. Depression and 4. Temporarily reduction in blood pressure, heart rate, and state anxiety etc.
- 56. CONTI…. Encourage healing by Promoting the flow of blood and lymph, Relieving tension, Stimulating nerves, and Stretching and loosening muscles and connective tissue to keep them elastic. Equipment's used: Massage table Massage chair Massage oils: fractionated coconut oil, grape seed oil, macadamia oil, sesame oil, pecan oil, and mustard oil. Often uses olive oil as a base when used medicinally, or almond oil when used as massage oil.
- 57. 4.AROMATHERAPY "It is a holistic treatment of caring for the body with pleasant smelling botanical oils such as rose, lemon, lavender and peppermint. Uses Volatile liquid plant materials, known as essential oils (Essential oils are aromatic essences extracted from plants, flowers, trees, fruits, bark, grasses and seeds). Modes of application: - Skin application (bath, massage) - Inhaled directly - Diffused to scent an entire room - Oral, rectal, vaginal interfaces
- 58. Name of the chemical component Properties of the chemical component Essential oils that contain the chemical Aldehydes Anti-inflammatory, calming, sedative lemon grass, lemon balm, Alcohols Bactericidal, stimulant, energizing, vitalizing Rose, rosewood, peppermint, myrtle, tea tree, sandalwood, Ketones Wound healing, mucolytic Camphor, rosemary
- 59. 5.CHIROPRATIC Greek words cheir (hand) and praxis (action) It is a science investigates the relationship between the structure ( spine) & function (mainly the nervous system) of the human body to restore and preserve health. Side effects Temporary headaches, Tiredness or Discomfort in parts of the body.
- 60. 6.MAGNETIC THERAPY Based on the principle that the earth is one big magnet and that all our bodies are surrounded by magnetic waves emanating from the earth and other spatial bodies including the sun and moon.
- 61. 7. HYDRO-THERAPY Treatment of disease by the use of water. Specifically a method of treatment that attempts to cure all diseases by the external (bath) or internal (colonic irrigation) use of much water. Types - Packing - Hot air baths (Saunas) - General baths - Local baths - Compress
- 62. HYDROTHERAPY conti… Used in: Musculoskeletal disorders (arthritis, spondylitis). Spinal cord injuries and In patients suffering burns, spasticity, stroke or paralysis MECHANISM: Heat is soothing, easing muscle tension and relieving pain. Heat also improves circulation. Cold can either be stimulating or soothing.
- 63. 8.REFLEXOLOGY Practice of massaging, squeezing, or pushing on parts of the feet, or sometimes the hands and ears, with the goal of encouraging a beneficial effect on other parts of the body, or to improve general health. Uses same points as that of acupressure, to improve nerve stimulation and circulation. Reflexology evolved from acupressure which was part of the ancient healing methods used by Egypt, India and China.
- 64. 9.OSTEOPATHY Therapeutic approach that uses all forms of medical diagnosis and therapy but places greater emphasis on the influence of the relationship between the organ and musculoskeletal system than conventional medicine. Osteopathy is a way of detecting and treating damaged parts of the body such as muscles, ligaments, nerves and joints.
- 65. 10. AYUSH AYURVEDA YOGA UNANI SIDDHA HOMEOPATHY
- 66. AYUREDA Aim -is to integrate and balance the body, mind, and spirit Philosophy -is that people, their health, and the universe are all related and health problems can result when these relationships are out of balance. Herbs, metals, massage, and other products and techniques are used with the intent of cleansing the body and restoring balance.
- 67. YOGA from Sanskrit word: Yuj- to unite or to control POSTURE , PRANAYAMA , KRIYAS How does it work? Increased oxygenation of the blood Muscle toning throughout the body A clearer and more relaxed mind Improved posture Improved circulation of blood and lymph Regulation of bodily functions
- 68. UNANI Based on theory of the presence of the elements (in Unani, they are considered to be fire, water, earth and air) in the human body. Pearls and metal are also used in making medicines.
- 69. SIDDHA (one who is accomplished) Revitalizes and rejuvenates the organs, the dysfunction of which is causing the disease. This brings back normal functioning of the organs. It works when Allopathy fails.
- 70. HOMEOPATHY (Homeo-similar; Pathos – suffering) Stimulate the body's defense mechanisms and processes so as to prevent or treat illness.
- 71. ENERGY THERAPY It is a group of techniques that work with the body’s energy field by the use of hands to direct or redirect the energy to enhance balance within the field.
- 72. 1. REIKI (Chinese word, rei- unseen or spiritual and ki- life force or energy. ) Form of spiritual practice Technique: Hands are kept either in direct contact or few centimeters away from the body. Kept in the same position for about 5 mts and then moved to next position. Total it takes around 45 mts. Practitioners state that energy flows through their palms. This energy provides strength, harmony and balance to treat the health disturbances. It can be given with direct exposure or from distance by means of some symbols.
- 73. Nursing theory providing context Alternative/complementary modalities performed from within a context of a nursing theory/model take on meaning from within the theory Nursing taxonomy providing the context Provide frameworks for naming and documenting the phenomena of concern of professional nursing. Use of CAM, this action becomes an identified nursing intervention planned to address/remedy a nursing problem or concern.
- 74. CONCLUSION The integrative medicine approach is consistent with the holistic approach nurses are taught to practice. many nurses should be knowledgably of CAM to make appropriate recommendation to allopathic primary care providers about which therapies may be useful for the client.
- 75. BIBLIOGRAPHY Carol Taylor , Carol Lillis, Pricilla Lemon's “Fundamental of nursing” 5th edition Lippincott Williams& wakens(2006) pg no.1296-1306 Carol Taylor’s “fundamental of nursing &art of nursing care ” 6th edition vol. 1 Walters Kluwer/ Lippincott Williams & wakens New Delhi (2009) pg. no. 986-999 Ignatavicius, D.D & workman,M.L. “Medical – surgical Nursing”6th edition Elsevier Saunders,st.Louri’s Missouri pg. no. 524-534 Wilkinson, j.m.& treas L.S. “Fundamentals of nursing” 2nd edition FA Davis company, Philadelphia PA . Pg. no 256-263 Shebeer P. Basheer and Yaaseen khan “a concise text book of advancenursing practice 1st edition 2012.pg no.695-717
- 76. WEBLIOGRAPHY • http;// www.cohrane.org • http;// www.ahana.org • www.Nursesbooks.org • www.MDweb.com