Amniosentasis

Subject : Genetics
Presentation :Amniosentasis

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION:
1. Why and when amniosentasis is used
2. What happen during amniosentasis
3. Possible complication
4. Why amniosentasis is needed
5. Amniotic fluid
6. Condition .
A. Blood disorder.
B. Neural tube defects.
C. Musculoskeltal disorder.

7.Why amniosentasis is carried out
8.Amniosentasis or CVS.
9.Genetic counseling.
10.How amniosentasis is performed.
a)Ultrasuond scale
11.Compliction of amniosentasis and
inclusive results

Amniosentasis
• It is a diagnostic test carried out during
pregnancy
• It can access wether the unborn baby
(fetus)could develop an abnormality, or a
serious health condition.
• Things that increase the abnormality
include.
the mother age ,the mother medical history
a family history of inherited genetic
condition

Why and when amniosentasis is used
Amniosentasis can be used to detect number of
condition, such as
Down syndrome: a genetic condition that affects
person`s physical appearance and mental
development.
Spina bifida: a series of birth defects that affect
the development of the spine and nervous
system
Sickle cell anemia: a genetic disorder that cause
a person red blood cells to develop abnormal.

Why amniosentasis is used
Amniosentasis is carried out during 15-20 weeks
of pregnancy.
The procedure can be perform earlier than 15
Weeks, but this is avoid if possible because it
may increase the risk of causing
complication or a miscarriage
Possible complication:
Diagnostic test, such as amniosentasis only
offered to the women there’s significant risk
of their baby to develop a serious condition.

Bacterial infection:
It is another but rare possible complication
of amniosentasis the risk of amniosentasis
infection is estimated to be less than 1 in
1000.
Symptoms:
High temperature (fever)of 38c
Tenderness of your abdomen
Contraction (when your tighten then relax).
Conclusion:

Amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid surround the fetus in the
womb. It contain shells from the developing
baby and the baby’s waste products
Every cell in amniotic fluid contains a
complete set of the baby’s DNA. This
means the cells obtain from the
amniosentasis can be used to access the
health of the developing baby and diagnosis
potential problems

Conditions:
Amniosentasis can be use to diagnose
many conditions some conditions are given
below:
Chromosomal conditions: affects the
chromosome for example.
Down syndrome: A syndrome that affects the
physical appearance, mental development
and learning abality;its caused by an extra
chromosome 21,giving its other name
triosomy21.

Edward syndrome
• A syndrome that cause several physical and
mental abnormalities its case by an extra
chromosome known as trisomy 18.
Patau’s syndrome: A rare but serious
syndrome where babies usually don't
survive for more than a few days It's cause
by an extra chromosome known as
trisomy13.

Blood disorders
• Amniosentasis can also used to check for
inherited blood disorders such as:
Sickle cell anemia: an inherited genetic
condition that cause a person’s red blood
cells to develop abnormally.
Thalassamia:a group of inherited blood
disorders where the part of hemoglobin is
abnormal, abnormality affects the red blood
cell’s ability to function normally
Taemophilla:a condition that affects bloods
ability to clot.

Neural tube defects
Amniosentasis can be test for neural tube
defects .the neural tube is collection of cells
that form a very early in the development of
embryo.
The top of neural tube usually form the brain
and reminder becomes the spinal cord, if
neural tube is not completely close it can
cause a defect to develop such a hole in the
spinal cord. The defects occur usually 1st
month of pregnancy.

Musculoskeltal disorders
Amniosentasis can also be used to diagnose
the musculoskeletal system(bone and
muscle)such as muscular dystrophy.
Why amniosentasis is carried out:
Amniosentasis is carried out during 15-20
weeks of the pregnancy.
If the procedure can perform early 15 weeks it
cause complication or increase the risk of
miscarriage.

Continue….
Occasionally amniosentasis is carried out later
in the pregnancy .For example in rare case it
my be used to test a pregnant woman who
has been exposed to the parvo
virusB19,which cause slapped check
syndrome .
Amniosentasis&CVS :
Another diagnostic test known as chronic
villus sampling can be carried out slightly
earlier than amniosentasis(10th weeks of
pregnancy).

Genetic counseling
If there’s risk you could pass a genetic
condition on to your child, your midwife
can discuss appropriate test with you and
explain why they are important .In some
cases, you may refer to genetic counselor .
How amniosentasis is performed:
Amniosentasis involves removing a sample
from amniotic fluid from the womb so the
cells can be tested

Ultrasound scane:
You shell have an ultrasound scane before and
during amniosentsis.ultrasound scane can
use high frequency sound waves to produce
an image of your womb that’s relayed to a
monitor with the help of ultrasound scane.
• Check the position of fetus.
• Find best place to remove some amniotic
fluid
• Ensure that needle pass safely through wall
of abdomen(belly)of womb

Anesthetic:
Before the needle is inserted into womb the
area may be numbed with anesthetic. This
involving have small injection into belly
that may sting slightly.
Procedure:
An antiseptic solution will be used to clean
abdomen to minimize infection. A long
needle is inserted in to the wall of abdomen
with the guide of ultrasound and amniotic
fluid is taken and sent to laboratory for test.

Recovery:
After having amniosentasis usually advised to
rest for 24 hours. Medical attention should
be need if:
Feel shivery
Having high temperature
Have persistent lower back pain
Have contraction(when abdomen tighten
then relax)

Complication of amniosentasis:
It is common and safe process.
Most of the women have benefits having
amniosentasis of diagnosing problems.
Some possible complications during or after
amniosentasis .These are given below
Injury from needle:
During amniosentasis the placenta may be
puncture by the needle. The puncture
wound heels without any more problems
develoing.ultrasound scanner used to guide.

Infection:
• In rare case infection may develop if the
procedure introduce bacteria in to amniotic
fluid: This can cause;
High temperature
 Tenderness of abdomen
Contraction(when abdomen tight and relax)
The risk of developing risk from
amniosentasis is to be less than 1in 1000.

Rhesus disease
Rhesus disease is a condition where protein in
a pregnant women’s blood attack her baby
blood cells. Rhesus disease is only possible
when women’s blood is rhesus negative and
baby blood is rhesus positive.
In this condition it is given an injection of
anti-D immunoglobin after having
amniosentasis .
Club foot: having amniosentasis early
increase risk of club foot also known as
talips

Miscarriage
Inclusive results:after amniosentasis it can be
reassuring if the results indicate that baby
has normal chromosome and no infection is
present
Rapid test:
Negative test:
Positive test:

References
• The Royal College of Obstetricians and
Gynaecologists 27 Sussex Place, Regent's
Park, London, NW1 4RG
http://www.rcog.org.uk/
• NCT Alexandra House, Oldham Terrace,
London, W3 6NH Tel : 0300 330 0772
http://www.nct.org.uk/home
• Hartsinck G. Beschryving van Guiana of de
wilde Just iin Zuid America. Vol 2.
Amsterdam: Gerrit Teilenburg; 1770. [Google
Scholar]

Amniosentasis

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