amul. introduction and history
- 1. 1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY In the year 1946 the first milk union was established. This union was started with 250 liters of milk per day. In the year 1955 AMUL was established. In the year 1946 the union was known as KAIRA DISTRICT CO-OPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS’ UNION. This union selected the brand name AMUL in 1955. The brand name Amul means “AMULYA”. This word derived form the Sanskrit word “AMULYA” which means “PRICELESS”. A quality control expert in Anand had suggested the brand name “AMUL”. Amul products have been in use in millions of homes since 1946. Amul Butter, Amul Milk Powder, Amul Ghee, Amulspray, Amul Cheese, Amul Chocolates, Amul Shrikhand, Amul Ice cream, Nutramul, Amul Milk and Amulya have made Amul a leading food brand in India. (The total Sale Turnover (2018-19) is US $ 4.8 billion). Today Amul is a symbol of many things like of the high-quality products sold at reasonable prices, of the genesis of a vast co- operative network, of the triumph of indigenous technology, of the marketing savvy of a farmers' organization. And have a proven model for dairy development (Generally known as “ANAND PATTERN”). In the early 40’s, the main sources of earning for the farmers of Kaira district was farming and selling of milk. That time there was high demand for milk in Bombay. The main supplier of the milk was Polson dairy limited, which was a privately owned company and held monopoly over the supply of milk at Bombay from the Kaira district. This system leads to exploitation of poor and illiterates’ farmers by the private traders. The traders used to beside the prices of milk and the farmers were forced to accept it without uttering a single word. However, when the exploitation became intolerable, the farmers were frustrated. They collectively appealed to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was a leading activist in the freedom movement. Sardar Patel advised the farmers to sell the milk on their own by establishing a co-operative union, Instead of supplying milk to private traders. Sardar Patel sent the farmers to Shri Morarji Desai in order to gain his co-operation and help. Shri Desai held a meeting at Samarkha village near Anand, on 4th January 1946. He advised the farmers to form a society for collection of the milk.
- 2. 2 These village societies would collect the milk themselves and would decide the prices at which they can sell the milk. The district union was also form to collect the milk from such village co-operative societies and to sell them. It was also resolved that the Government should be asked to buy milk from the union. However, the govt. did not seem to help farmers by any means. It gave the negative response by turning down the demand for the milk. To respond to this action of govt., the farmers of Kaira district went on a milk strike. For 15 whole days not a single drop of milk was sold to the traders. As a result the Bombay milk scheme was severely affected. The milk commissioner of Bombay then visited Anand to assess the situation. Having seemed the condition, he decided to fulfill the farmers demand.
- 3. 3 VERGHESE KURIEN,THE FATHER OF WHITE REVOLUTION Thus their cooperative unions were forced at the village and district level to collect and sell milk on a cooperative basis, without the intervention of Government. Mr. Verghese Kurien showed main interest in establishing union who was supported by Shri Tribhuvandas Patel who lead the farmers in forming the Co- operative unions at the village level. The Kaira district milk producers union was thus established in ANAND and was registered formally on 14th December 1946. Since farmers sold all the milk in Anand through a co- operative union, it was commonly resolved to sell the milk under the brand name AMUL. At the initial stage only 250 litres of milk was collected everyday. But with the growing awareness of the benefits of the cooperativeness, the collection of milk increased. Amul collects 23 Million Litres of milk everyday (Daily Average 2018-19). Since milk was a perishable commodity it becomes difficult to preserve milk for a longer period. Besides when the milk was to be collected from the far places, there was a fear of spoiling of milk. To overcome this problem the union thought out to develop the chilling unit at various junctions, which would collect the milk and could chill it, so as to preserve it for a longer period. Thus, today Amul has more than 150 chilling centres in various villages. Milk is collected from almost 1073 societies. With the financial help from UNICEF, assistance from the govt. of New Zealand under the Colombo plan, of Rs. 50 million for factory to manufacture milk powder and butter was planned.
- 4. 4 Dr.Rajendra Prasad, the president of India laid the foundation on November 15, 1954. Shri Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the prime minister of India declared it open at Amul dairy on November 20, 1955.
- 5. 5 ACHIEVEMENTS: Amul : Asia’s largest dairy co-operative was created way back in 1946 to make the milk producer self- reliant and conduct milk- business with pride. Amul has always been the trend setter in bringing and adapting the most modern technology to door steps of rural farmers. Amul created history in following areas: First self motivated and autonomous farmers organization comprising of more than 50,00,000 marginal milk producers of Kaira District. Created Dairy co-operatives at village level functioning with milk collection centres owned by them. Computerized milk collection system with electronic scale and computerized accounting system. The first and only organization in world to get ISO 9000 standard for its farmer’s co-operatives. First to produce milk powder from surplus milk. Amul is the live example of how co-operation amongst the poor marginal farmers can provide means for the socio-economic development of the under privileged marginal farmers AWARDS: Amul a co-operative society and its co-operation has led many different awards in its favor. Magsaysay award for community leadership presented in manila, Philippines to Shri Tribhuvandas Patel, Shri D N Khurody and Shri V. Kurien 1964: “Padmabhusan” award given to Shri T.K. Patel 1965: “Padmshri awarded was given to V. Kurien, general manager, by the president of India 1987: “Best Productivity” awarded by national productivity council for the year 1985-86 awarded to Amul dairy. 1988: “Best Productivity” awarded for the second successive year 1986-87 by the president of India, Mr. R. Venkatrao to kaira union. 1993: “ICA” Memenoto towards genuine and self-sustaining cooperative worldwide ICA regional office for Asia and pacific, New Delhi, 1996. 1999: G.B.Birla award.
- 6. 6 Moreover, the Amul union has achieved the prestigious ISO 9001-2000 and HACCP Certificate and effects are got to obtain ISO 14000.
- 7. 7 OBJECTIVES To examine the level of awareness of amul products. To find out the preference of amul products by customers, comparison to other competitive brands. To study factors that have a positive influences towards consumer buying behavior in regards to price, quality, easy availability etc. To know the factors which affect consumer buying behavior while purchasing milk. To study the swot analysis of amul. To study an idea of all marketing activities. To study the goodwill of the firm in comparison to its competitor firms. SWOT ANALYSIS Amul is one of the largest milk and milk based products manufacturer in India. Known to be the founder of the white revolution in India, Amul has some strong products and brands up its sleeves, strongest of them being Amul ice cream. Similarly, the Milk & Dairy products company has a very in depth product portfolio including cheese, butter, curd, chocolates, ice cream, and others. You can visit the following link to refer to the marketing mix of Amul. However, following are the points in the SWOT analysis of Amul STRENGTHS IN SWOT ANALYSIS OF AMUL
- 8. 8 Very high market share in ice cream – Amul has the top market share in ice cream segment which further helps it push other products into the market. Excellent brand equity – amul is a beloved brand over the years and the contribution of amul girl and her outdoor ads should specifically be mentioned here. Excellent quality management – even though amul has such a wide and large distribution network, hardly any quality complaints come for amul. Strong distribution network – This is one company which is strong in urban as well as rural distribution. You will find amul present even in small towns and villages. Good product portfolio – Amul had a deep product portfolio when compared to any fmcg company. It has many different variety of milk milk based food items like cheese, butter, milk, buttermilk, lassi and many others. In ice creams too, amul has a large variety of flavours Strong Supply chain – Vendors love Amul and amul is known for the white revolution in India. Rural presence – Strong rural presence of Amul is its plus point. It is mentioned here separately because this rural presence gives amul a strong competitive advantage. WEAKNESSES IN THE SWOT ANALYSIS OF AMUL Cost of Operations – Amul’s operation is huge. And so is the cost. Plus the sector is such that maintaining margins becomes difficult day by day. Thus, to face international players, Amul needs to maintain the operations in the same manner it is carrying out today. It is not a weakness but rather a constant challenge for Amul. In fact, during summers, the brand faces severe shortage of supply. Chocolates – Amuls expansion to chocolate has failed and hardly any product of Amul chocolates is selling in the market. Amul needs further products to expand its product line and increase bottomline OPPORTUNITIES IN THE SWOT ANALYSIS OF AMUL Export – Amul can export its product to other countries thereby increasing its turnover and margins exponentially. Concentrate more on chocolate market – Amul has a no advertisement policy which creates a problem for its foray into additional products. Amul should in fact have separate SBU’s and concentrate more on increasing its product line through chocolates or other such products. THREATS IN THE SWOT ANALYSIS OF AMUL Increasing competition in Ice cream segment – Many players, local and international, are entering the ice cream market thereby taking away share of wallet from Amul. Kwality walls, Naturals, London dairy, Havmor, Arun ice cream, Vadilal, Ramani, are some of the few brands who are directly in competition with Amul.
- 9. 9 Amul in abroad: Amul is going places. Literally, After having established its presence in China, Mauritius and Hong Kong, Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation(GCMMF), India’s largest milk cooperative, is waiting to flood the Japanese market. Then, GCMMF is also looking at Sri Lanka as one of its next export destinations. Amul products are already available on shelves across several countries, including the US, China, Australia, West Asian countries and Africa. GCMMF recorded a turnover of Rs 33,150 crore last fiscal. Its products include pouch milk, ultra heat treated (UHT) milk, ice-cream, butter, cheese and buttermilk. PEOPLE POWER: AMUL'S SECRET OF SUCCESS The system succeeded mainly because it provides an assured market at remunerative prices for producers' milk besides acting as a channel to market the production enhancement package. What's more, it does not disturb the agro-system of the farmers. It also enables the consumer an access to high quality milk and milk products. Contrary to the traditional system, when the profit of the business was cornered by the middlemen, the system ensured that the profit goes to the participants for their socio-economic upliftment and common good. Looking back on the path traversed by Amul, the following features make it a pattern and model for emulation elsewhere. Amul has been able to: Produce an appropriate blend of the policy makers, farmers’ board of management and the professionals: each group appreciating its roles and limitations, Bring at the command of the rural milk producers the best of the technology and harness its fruit for betterment. Provide a support system to the milk producers without disturbing their agro-economic systems, Plough back the profits, by prudent use of men, material and machines, in the rural sector for the common good and betterment of the members. The Union looks after policy formulation, processing and marketing of milk, provision of technical inputs to enhance milk yield of animals, the artificial insemination service, veterinary care, better feeds and the like - all through the village societies. Basically the union and cooperation of people brought Amul into fame i.e. AMUL (ANAND MILK UNION LIMITED), a name which suggest THE TASTE OF INDIA.
- 10. 10 Plants: First plant is at ANAND, which engaged in the manufacturing of milk, butter, ghee, milk powder, flavoured milk and buttermilk.
- 11. 11 Second plant is at MOGAR, which engaged in manufacturing chocolate, nutramul, Amul Ganthia and Amul lite.
- 12. 12 Third plant is at Kanjari, which produces cattelfeed
- 13. 13 Fourth plant is at Khatraj, which engaged in producing cheese.
- 14. 14 Today, twelve dairies are producing different products under the brand name Amul. Today Amul dairy is no. 1 dairy in Asia and no. 2 in the world, which is matter of proud for Gujarat and whole India.
- 15. 15