![International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 3 Issue 5, August 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26667 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1447
An Analysis of Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence
Win Mar1, Yin Myo Kay Khine Thaw2
1Faculty of Information Science Department, University of Computer Studies, Pathein, Myanmar
2Information Technology Supporting and Maintenance Department,
2University of Computer Studies, Mandalay, Myanmar
How to cite this paper: Win Mar | Yin
Myo Kay Khine Thaw "An Analysis of
Benefits and Risks of Artificial
Intelligence"
Published in
InternationalJournal
of Trend in Scientific
Research and
Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-3 |
Issue-5, August 2019, pp.1447-1449,
https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd26667
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and
International Journalof Trendin Scientific
Research and Development Journal. This
is an Open Access article distributed
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the Creative
CommonsAttribution
License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
/4.0)
ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) is now typical technology in our everyday liveswith
applications in image and voice recognition, language translations, chatbots,
and predictive data analysis. AI technological progress is likely to present us
with many challenges. Furthermore, AI increasingly complex algorithms
currently influence our lives and our civilization more than ever before. AI
should be taken very seriously even if the probability of their rate were low.
Our focus on this paper is an analysis of benefits and risks of AI was on
highlighting the potential vulnerabilities and inequities that the use of AI
executes.
KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence, Benefits, Risks
I. INTRODUCTION
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the science of creating intelligent machines and
intelligent computer programs that can think and act like human beings. The
idea of artificial intelligence is based on the human philosophy that whether a
machine can be as intelligent as the human. [3] Analysis about AI have jumped
into the public eye over the past year, with severalluminariesspeakingpublicly
about the threat of AI to the future of humanity. Over the last several decades,
AI computing methods for automated perception, learning, understanding,and
reasoning have become commonplace in our lives. [1]
AI is the science and engineering of making computers act in ways that, until
recently, we thought required human intelligence.
[6] The goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial
motivates research in many areas, from economics and law
to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and
control.
AI is probably the most complex and creations of humanity
yet. Amazing AI application that we see today represents
merely the tip of the AI iceberg, as it were. While this fact
may have been stated and restated numerous times, itisstill
hard to comprehensively gain perspective on the potential
impact of AI in the future. AI’s rapid growth and powerful
capabilities have made people paranoid about the
inevitability and proximity of an AI takeover. Also, the
transformation brought about by AI in different industries
has made business leaders and the mainstream public think
that we are close to achieving the peak of AI research and
maxing out AI’s potential. However, understandingthetypes
of AI that are possible and the types that existnowwillgivea
clearer picture of existing AI capabilities and the long road
ahead for AI research. [13]
II. BENEFIT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Benefit in data management of AI is extremely helpful when
it comes to gathering and analyzing big data to improve
efficiency and personalization. According to Google’s
DeepMind Project, using AI to manage data in the healthcare
industry carries the potential to improve equality of access
to care, increase the speed of care, open up new methods of
diagnosis, and facilitate continual learning and
improvement.[10] Improving the Internet of Things (IoT)
and Cyber Security AI will also help better secure the IoT
world by anticipating and fighting intruders more quickly
than human beings can. To help you learn more about cyber
security and ethical hacking techniques, IEEE offers online
cyber security training.[11]
Benefit in healthcare field of AI has many subsets that have
been positively impacted by artificial intelligence. In
particular, AI has influenced radiology and digital
consultation. Radiology is a specialty that uses diagnostic
(medical) imaging to diagnose and treat diseasesinpatients.
The purpose of diagnostic imaging is to see inside apatient’s
body, determine if there is an issue at hand, and diagnose
treatment or further testing. Diagnostic imaging includes x-
rays, CT scans, PET scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds. [12] Now,
AI’s purpose within radiology is to act as a second setof eyes
or a second opinion that can aid with the level of accuracy of
an initial diagnosis made by a physician. Additionally, AI can
assist with reducing the time and human error of missing
slight changes in diagnostic images time that, if wasted,
could be detrimental to patient wellness. [12]
AI machines use machine learning algorithms to simulator
the cognitive abilities of human beings and solve a simple or
complex problem. [2]
1. Increase work efficiency
AI-powered machines are great at doing a particular
repetitive task with amazing efficiency. The simple reason is
that they remove human errors from their tasks to achieve
IJTSRD26667](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/277ananalysisofbenefitsandrisksofartificialintelligence-190913082410/85/An-Analysis-of-Benefits-and-Risks-of-Artificial-Intelligence-1-320.jpg)
![International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26667 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1448
accurate results every time they do that specific task. Thus,
they eliminate the need to deploy two sets of employees
working in day and night shifts to work on important tasks.
For example, AI-powered chat assistants can answer
customer queries and provide support to visitors every
minute of the day and boost the sales of a company. [2]
2. Work with high accuracy
Scientists are working to teach artificial intelligence
powered machines to solve complex equations and perform
critical tasks on their own so that the results obtained have
higher accuracy as compared to their human counterparts.
Their high accuracy has made these machines indispensable
to work in the medical field particularly, owing to the
criticality of the tasks. For example, robots are getting
better at diagnosing serious conditions in the human body
and performing delicate surgeries to minimize the risk of
human lives. [2]
3. Reduce cost of training and operation
AI uses machine learning algorithms like Deep Learningand
neural networks to learn new things like humans do. This
way they eliminate the need to write new code every time
we need them to learn new things. There is significant
Research and Development going on in the world todevelop
AI machines that optimize their machine learningabilities so
that they learn much faster about new processes. This way
the cost of training robots would become much lesser than
that of humans. Moreover, machines already reducethecost
of operations with their high efficiency andaccuracyofdoing
work. For example, machines don’t take breaks and can
perform the same mundane task again and again without
any downtime or change in results. [2]
4. Improve Processes
The best part about AI-powered machines being deployed
for work is that they let us gather humongous amounts of
data related to their work. Such data can be processed to
gather deep insights into the processes with quantitative
analysis so that we can optimize them even further. For
example, Machine learning abilities of AI machines are
increasing further and further to do even the analysis by
themselves. [2]
III. RISKS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
One set of risks shoots from programming errors in AI
software. The study of the verification of the behavior of
software systems is challenging and critical, and much
progress has been made. However, the growing complexity
of AI systems and their enlistment in high-stakes roles, such
as controlling automobiles, surgical robots, and weapons
systems, means that we must redouble our efforts in
software quality. AI poses global risks, which will be greater
than, say, the risks of nuclear technology which in any case
have historically been underestimated. Furthermore,
scientific risk analysis suggests that high potential damages
should be taken very seriously evenif theprobabilityof their
occurrence were low. [8] In complex systems where several
algorithms interact at high speed, there is a heightened risk
that new AI technologies will be misused, or will experience
unexpected systematic failures. [8]
A second set of risks is cyber attacking: criminals and
adversaries are continually attacking our computers with
viruses and other forms of malware. AI algorithms are no
different from other software in terms of their vulnerability
to cyberattack. But because AI algorithms are being asked to
make high-stakes decisions, such as driving cars and
controlling robots, the impact of successful cyber attacks on
AI systems could be much more devastating than attacks in
the past. Before we put AI algorithms in control of high-
stakes decisions, we mustbemuchmoreconfidentthatthese
systems can survive large scale cyber attacks. [8]
A third set of risks echo the tale of the Sorcerer’s Apprentice.
Suppose we tell a self-driving car to “get us to the airport as
quickly as possible!” Would the autonomous driving system
put the pedal to the metal and drive at 300 mph while
running over pedestrians? Troubling scenarios of this form
have appeared recently in the press. Other fears center on
the prospect of out-of-control super intelligences that
threaten the survival of humanity.Allof theseexamplesrefer
to cases where humans have failed to correctly instruct the
AI algorithm in how it should behave.AI mightbecomearisk,
experts think two scenarios most likely. [8]
A fourth set of risks is Transparency: Journalists wonder
about the ethical issues of using AI to help reporting, such as
how to disclose information about roboticwritingtoreaders
and acquire information legally and ethically [9].
A fifth set of risks is Personalization: While personalization
can also be considered a benefit of AI, it challenges the
concept of news as a public record, such that the news we
read is customized to fit our background and preferences,
eliminating the ability to store one single story for everyone
and provide an unbiased baseline viewpoint. [9]
The risks of AI research are of a global nature. If AI
researchers fail to transfer ethical goals to a super
intelligence in the first attempt,therequitepossiblywon’tbe
a second chance. It is absolutely tenabletoestimatethe long-
term risks of AI research as even greater than those of
climate change. In comparison to climate change, however,
AI research is receiving very little attention. With thispaper,
we want to emphasize that it istherefore even more valuable
to invest considerable resources into AI safety research. [8]
IV. CONCLUSION
Artificial intelligence will no doubt play an increasingly
critical role in our future so it is important to at least have a
general understanding of the analysisofbenefitsandrisks of
AI. We’re moving away from trying to maximizeautomation,
with people taking a bigger part in industrial processes
again. As with all technological revolutions, the advent of AI
will be utilized to help humankind reach a new paradigm,
not to replace it entirely.
V. REFERENCES
[1] Thomas G. Dietterich (2015),” Benefits and Risks of
Artificial Intelligence”.
[2] https://www.studytonight.com/post/top-benefits-
and-risks-of-artificial-intelligence.
[3] https://www.techsparks.co.in/artificial-intelligence-
as-an-m-tech-thesis-topic-for-cse/
[4] Osonde A. Osoba, William Welser .”The Risks of
Artificial Intelligence to Security and the Future of
Work”.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/277ananalysisofbenefitsandrisksofartificialintelligence-190913082410/85/An-Analysis-of-Benefits-and-Risks-of-Artificial-Intelligence-2-320.jpg)
![International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26667 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1449
[5] Artificial Intelligence at Carnegie Mellon University
|Machine Learning Department at Carnegie Mellon
University https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH-
FPH0vpVE
[6] https://medium.com/@tdietterich/benefits-and-risks-
of-artificial-intelligence-460d288cccf3
[7] NECATI DEMIR, “The Economics and Benefits of
Artificial Intelligence”.
[8] Mannino, A., Althaus, D., Erhardt, J., Gloor, L., Hutter, A.
and Metzinger, T. (2015).Artificial Intelligence:
Opportunities and Risks. Policy paper by the Effective
Altruism Foundation.
[9] Renner, N. (2017). As AI enters newsrooms, journalists
have urgent responsibility. Columbia Journalism
Review
[10] https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/artificial-
intelligence-benefits-risks/
[11] Sapin, E. (2017). How AI and IoT must work together.
Venture Beat.
[12] Rebecca Reynoso (2019), “Benefits and Risks of
Artificial Intelligence”.
[13] https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/
06/19/7-types-of-artificial-
intelligence/#27a3341a233](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/277ananalysisofbenefitsandrisksofartificialintelligence-190913082410/85/An-Analysis-of-Benefits-and-Risks-of-Artificial-Intelligence-3-320.jpg)
An Analysis of Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence
- 1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 3 Issue 5, August 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26667 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1447 An Analysis of Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence Win Mar1, Yin Myo Kay Khine Thaw2 1Faculty of Information Science Department, University of Computer Studies, Pathein, Myanmar 2Information Technology Supporting and Maintenance Department, 2University of Computer Studies, Mandalay, Myanmar How to cite this paper: Win Mar | Yin Myo Kay Khine Thaw "An Analysis of Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence" Published in InternationalJournal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- 6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5, August 2019, pp.1447-1449, https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd26667 Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journalof Trendin Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0) ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) is now typical technology in our everyday liveswith applications in image and voice recognition, language translations, chatbots, and predictive data analysis. AI technological progress is likely to present us with many challenges. Furthermore, AI increasingly complex algorithms currently influence our lives and our civilization more than ever before. AI should be taken very seriously even if the probability of their rate were low. Our focus on this paper is an analysis of benefits and risks of AI was on highlighting the potential vulnerabilities and inequities that the use of AI executes. KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence, Benefits, Risks I. INTRODUCTION Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the science of creating intelligent machines and intelligent computer programs that can think and act like human beings. The idea of artificial intelligence is based on the human philosophy that whether a machine can be as intelligent as the human. [3] Analysis about AI have jumped into the public eye over the past year, with severalluminariesspeakingpublicly about the threat of AI to the future of humanity. Over the last several decades, AI computing methods for automated perception, learning, understanding,and reasoning have become commonplace in our lives. [1] AI is the science and engineering of making computers act in ways that, until recently, we thought required human intelligence. [6] The goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial motivates research in many areas, from economics and law to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and control. AI is probably the most complex and creations of humanity yet. Amazing AI application that we see today represents merely the tip of the AI iceberg, as it were. While this fact may have been stated and restated numerous times, itisstill hard to comprehensively gain perspective on the potential impact of AI in the future. AI’s rapid growth and powerful capabilities have made people paranoid about the inevitability and proximity of an AI takeover. Also, the transformation brought about by AI in different industries has made business leaders and the mainstream public think that we are close to achieving the peak of AI research and maxing out AI’s potential. However, understandingthetypes of AI that are possible and the types that existnowwillgivea clearer picture of existing AI capabilities and the long road ahead for AI research. [13] II. BENEFIT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Benefit in data management of AI is extremely helpful when it comes to gathering and analyzing big data to improve efficiency and personalization. According to Google’s DeepMind Project, using AI to manage data in the healthcare industry carries the potential to improve equality of access to care, increase the speed of care, open up new methods of diagnosis, and facilitate continual learning and improvement.[10] Improving the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber Security AI will also help better secure the IoT world by anticipating and fighting intruders more quickly than human beings can. To help you learn more about cyber security and ethical hacking techniques, IEEE offers online cyber security training.[11] Benefit in healthcare field of AI has many subsets that have been positively impacted by artificial intelligence. In particular, AI has influenced radiology and digital consultation. Radiology is a specialty that uses diagnostic (medical) imaging to diagnose and treat diseasesinpatients. The purpose of diagnostic imaging is to see inside apatient’s body, determine if there is an issue at hand, and diagnose treatment or further testing. Diagnostic imaging includes x- rays, CT scans, PET scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds. [12] Now, AI’s purpose within radiology is to act as a second setof eyes or a second opinion that can aid with the level of accuracy of an initial diagnosis made by a physician. Additionally, AI can assist with reducing the time and human error of missing slight changes in diagnostic images time that, if wasted, could be detrimental to patient wellness. [12] AI machines use machine learning algorithms to simulator the cognitive abilities of human beings and solve a simple or complex problem. [2] 1. Increase work efficiency AI-powered machines are great at doing a particular repetitive task with amazing efficiency. The simple reason is that they remove human errors from their tasks to achieve IJTSRD26667
- 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26667 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1448 accurate results every time they do that specific task. Thus, they eliminate the need to deploy two sets of employees working in day and night shifts to work on important tasks. For example, AI-powered chat assistants can answer customer queries and provide support to visitors every minute of the day and boost the sales of a company. [2] 2. Work with high accuracy Scientists are working to teach artificial intelligence powered machines to solve complex equations and perform critical tasks on their own so that the results obtained have higher accuracy as compared to their human counterparts. Their high accuracy has made these machines indispensable to work in the medical field particularly, owing to the criticality of the tasks. For example, robots are getting better at diagnosing serious conditions in the human body and performing delicate surgeries to minimize the risk of human lives. [2] 3. Reduce cost of training and operation AI uses machine learning algorithms like Deep Learningand neural networks to learn new things like humans do. This way they eliminate the need to write new code every time we need them to learn new things. There is significant Research and Development going on in the world todevelop AI machines that optimize their machine learningabilities so that they learn much faster about new processes. This way the cost of training robots would become much lesser than that of humans. Moreover, machines already reducethecost of operations with their high efficiency andaccuracyofdoing work. For example, machines don’t take breaks and can perform the same mundane task again and again without any downtime or change in results. [2] 4. Improve Processes The best part about AI-powered machines being deployed for work is that they let us gather humongous amounts of data related to their work. Such data can be processed to gather deep insights into the processes with quantitative analysis so that we can optimize them even further. For example, Machine learning abilities of AI machines are increasing further and further to do even the analysis by themselves. [2] III. RISKS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE One set of risks shoots from programming errors in AI software. The study of the verification of the behavior of software systems is challenging and critical, and much progress has been made. However, the growing complexity of AI systems and their enlistment in high-stakes roles, such as controlling automobiles, surgical robots, and weapons systems, means that we must redouble our efforts in software quality. AI poses global risks, which will be greater than, say, the risks of nuclear technology which in any case have historically been underestimated. Furthermore, scientific risk analysis suggests that high potential damages should be taken very seriously evenif theprobabilityof their occurrence were low. [8] In complex systems where several algorithms interact at high speed, there is a heightened risk that new AI technologies will be misused, or will experience unexpected systematic failures. [8] A second set of risks is cyber attacking: criminals and adversaries are continually attacking our computers with viruses and other forms of malware. AI algorithms are no different from other software in terms of their vulnerability to cyberattack. But because AI algorithms are being asked to make high-stakes decisions, such as driving cars and controlling robots, the impact of successful cyber attacks on AI systems could be much more devastating than attacks in the past. Before we put AI algorithms in control of high- stakes decisions, we mustbemuchmoreconfidentthatthese systems can survive large scale cyber attacks. [8] A third set of risks echo the tale of the Sorcerer’s Apprentice. Suppose we tell a self-driving car to “get us to the airport as quickly as possible!” Would the autonomous driving system put the pedal to the metal and drive at 300 mph while running over pedestrians? Troubling scenarios of this form have appeared recently in the press. Other fears center on the prospect of out-of-control super intelligences that threaten the survival of humanity.Allof theseexamplesrefer to cases where humans have failed to correctly instruct the AI algorithm in how it should behave.AI mightbecomearisk, experts think two scenarios most likely. [8] A fourth set of risks is Transparency: Journalists wonder about the ethical issues of using AI to help reporting, such as how to disclose information about roboticwritingtoreaders and acquire information legally and ethically [9]. A fifth set of risks is Personalization: While personalization can also be considered a benefit of AI, it challenges the concept of news as a public record, such that the news we read is customized to fit our background and preferences, eliminating the ability to store one single story for everyone and provide an unbiased baseline viewpoint. [9] The risks of AI research are of a global nature. If AI researchers fail to transfer ethical goals to a super intelligence in the first attempt,therequitepossiblywon’tbe a second chance. It is absolutely tenabletoestimatethe long- term risks of AI research as even greater than those of climate change. In comparison to climate change, however, AI research is receiving very little attention. With thispaper, we want to emphasize that it istherefore even more valuable to invest considerable resources into AI safety research. [8] IV. CONCLUSION Artificial intelligence will no doubt play an increasingly critical role in our future so it is important to at least have a general understanding of the analysisofbenefitsandrisks of AI. We’re moving away from trying to maximizeautomation, with people taking a bigger part in industrial processes again. As with all technological revolutions, the advent of AI will be utilized to help humankind reach a new paradigm, not to replace it entirely. V. REFERENCES [1] Thomas G. Dietterich (2015),” Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence”. [2] https://www.studytonight.com/post/top-benefits- and-risks-of-artificial-intelligence. [3] https://www.techsparks.co.in/artificial-intelligence- as-an-m-tech-thesis-topic-for-cse/ [4] Osonde A. Osoba, William Welser .”The Risks of Artificial Intelligence to Security and the Future of Work”.
- 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26667 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1449 [5] Artificial Intelligence at Carnegie Mellon University |Machine Learning Department at Carnegie Mellon University https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH- FPH0vpVE [6] https://medium.com/@tdietterich/benefits-and-risks- of-artificial-intelligence-460d288cccf3 [7] NECATI DEMIR, “The Economics and Benefits of Artificial Intelligence”. [8] Mannino, A., Althaus, D., Erhardt, J., Gloor, L., Hutter, A. and Metzinger, T. (2015).Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Risks. Policy paper by the Effective Altruism Foundation. [9] Renner, N. (2017). As AI enters newsrooms, journalists have urgent responsibility. Columbia Journalism Review [10] https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/artificial- intelligence-benefits-risks/ [11] Sapin, E. (2017). How AI and IoT must work together. Venture Beat. [12] Rebecca Reynoso (2019), “Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence”. [13] https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/ 06/19/7-types-of-artificial- intelligence/#27a3341a233