AN INTRODUCTION TO BASIC PHENOMENA OF PLASMA PHYSICS
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This document provides an introduction to plasma physics, exploring its basic phenomena, such as the behavior of ions and electrons in various types of plasma, including hot and cold plasmas. It discusses the significance of multicomponent plasma, including dusty plasma and negative ion plasma, and outlines different approaches to studying plasma behavior. The paper also highlights the applications of plasma in fields ranging from fusion energy to microelectronics and medical therapies.
![result, classical and quantum routines take place
in various physical environments.
6. CONCLUSION
Plasma is present in several forms in nature and
features a prevalent use of technology and
science. Owing to the presence of free ions,
utilizing plasma for ion resources is pretty
common. Because of this specific case, plasma
is made by a good type of low pressure gasoline
discharge. This particular paper has a brief
discussion of a few essential plasma phenomena.
REFERENCES: -
[1] Adhikari, B.R. &Basnet, Suresh
&Lamichhane, H.P. &Khanal, Raju.
(2020). Variation of Velocity of Ions in
a Magnetized Plasma Sheath for
Different Magnetic Field. Journal of
Nepal Physical Society. 6. 25-29.
10.3126/jnphyssoc.v6i1.30513.
[2] Patel, Soniya&Varma, P. &Tiwari, M..
(2019). Plasma Physics and Controlled
Fusion. 10.13140/RG.2.2.21070.10564.
[3] Gates, David. (2018). Plasma: An
International Open Access Journal for
All of Plasma Science. Plasma. 1. 4.
10.3390/plasma1010004.
[4] Conde, Luis. (2018). An Introduction to
Plasma Physics and its Space
Applications, Volume 1: Fundamentals
and elementary processes.
10.1088/2053-2571/aae132.
[5] Kovtun, Yuri &Skibenko, A.
&Skibenko, E. &Larin, Yu. (2010).
Investigation of multicomponent plasma
parameters by microwave methods.
2010 International Kharkov Symposium
on Physics and Engineering of
Microwaves, Millimeter and
Submillimeter Waves (MSMW).
10.1109/MSMW.2010.5546081.
[6] Schollmeier, Marius & Roth, Markus
&Schaumann, G &Blazevic, Abel
&Flippo, Kirk & Frank, A & Fernandez,
Juan & Gautier, Donald & Michel, Knut
&Heßling, Thomas &Hegelich, Bjorn
&Nürnberg, Frank &Pelka, A &Ruhl,
Hartmut& Schreiber, Jörg&
Schumacher, Dennis & Witte, K
&Zielbauer, B & Hoffmann, Dieter.
(2008). Plasma physics experiments at
GSI. Journal of Physics: Conference
Series. 112. 042068. 10.1088/1742-
6596/112/4/042068.
[7] Browning, Philippa. (2005).
Introduction to Plasma Physics: With
Space and Laboratory Applications.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion.
47. 1109. 10.1088/0741-3335/47/7/B01.
Mukt Shabd Journal
Volume IX, Issue I, JANUARY/2020
ISSN NO : 2347-3150
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AN INTRODUCTION TO BASIC PHENOMENA OF PLASMA PHYSICS
- 1. AN INTRODUCTION TO BASIC PHENOMENA OF PLASMA PHYSICS Dr. VedNathJha*, Dr. Praveen Bhatt** *Assistant Professor, **Associate Professor Department of Physics *Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, (Uttar Pradesh) **Himalayan University, Ita Nagar (Arunachal Pradesh) ABSTRACT Plasma is a set of neutral and charged particles which reveals a number of collective behaviors. The very long range coulomb forces enable the charged particles in plasma to work together with one another simultaneously. The study of plasma is actually a really ancient area of investigation in plasma physics and it remains to be among the vital fields due to the crucial role of its in most plasma uses including plasma processing, fabrication of semiconductor systems, etching, etc. except the presence of just ions and electrons, the plasma in many instances, has a number of other species of ions like negative ions which impact the complete plasma behaviour. Within this paper we study about the fundamental ideas of plasma physics. Keywords: Plasma, ions, hot, cold. 1. INTRODUCTION The basic plasma consists of mainly the ions as well as electrons. Nevertheless, a multicomponent plasma consists of several charged species i.e. extra positive ions, negative ions, electrons as well as dust particles. Dusty plasma as well as plasma with negative ions is actually 2 vital fields of multicomponent plasma at current. In the current study both the instances of multicomponent plasma is actually taken into consideration. The dusty plasma is actually a crucial department of plasma physics which covers a broad range of uses from astrophysical plasma to fusion plasma. On the flip side the damaging ion plasma plays an important role in the negative ion based neutral beam injection (NBI) devices used for plasma heating in the fusion reactors. The presence of negative ions can also be substantial for the fabrication of microelectronics of the semiconductor business. The behaviour of plasma may be studied by following 2 typical approaches: fluid and kinetic approach. Within the fluid approach, the motion of fluid components is actually taken into consideration. And fluid equations are resolvedfor every species. Whereas for kinetic approach, the evolution of the velocity division perform in stage room is recognized as. In certain instances both the techniques are believed to be together exactly where several species are actually handled with sleep and fluid approach kinetically according to the timescale of the phenomenon found. Occasionally neither fluid nor kinetic approach is actually appropriate to describe the behaviour of the plasma. In case which is that that it becomes crucial that you Mukt Shabd Journal Volume IX, Issue I, JANUARY/2020 ISSN NO : 2347-3150 Page No : 101
- 2. monitor the person particle trajectory that is a hard process. 2. BASIC OF PLASMA PHYSICS Let us assume that a positive test charge qt is actually positioned within the plasma at r = 0. The test charge attracts all of the negative charge and repels the positive charge. The charge density of the electron is going to increase near the test charge, even though the ion selection density will lessen. Hence, it is going to modify the charge density distribution around an exam charge. The electrical potential around an exam particle is driven from Poisson's equation. ∇ଶ ∅ሺݎሻ = ݁ ߳ ሾ݊ሺݎሻ − ݊ሺݎሻሿ − ݍ௧ ߳ ߜሺݎ − ݒݐሻ, Figure 1: Comparison of the Debye and Coulomb potentials wherever e is actually the magnitude of the electron charge, ߳the permittivity of the free room, ne, ni are actually the electron as well as ion number densities, respectively, ߜ (r-v0) the Dirac delta feature, as well as v0 a frequent velocity of an exam charge in case it moves. For a stationary test charge, we are able to set v0 to zero. ݊ = ݊݁ݔ ൬ ݁߶ ݇ܶ ൰ wherever݊is actually the equilibrium electron number density, kB the Boltzmann constant, as well as Te the electron heat. Much from origin, we've థ ಳ் ≪ 1. Therefore, the Fourier transformation of Poisson's situation yields ߶ሺݎሻ = ݍ௧ 8ߨଷ߳ න ݀ܭ exp ሺ݅݇. ݎሻ ݇ଶܦ where we have denoted ܦ = 1 + 1/݇ଶ ߣ ଶ , with the electron Debye radius given by ߣ = ൬ ߳݇ܶ ݊݁ଶ ൰ ଵ/ଶ The prospective division around a test stationary ion is then the shielded Coulomb possible Mukt Shabd Journal Volume IX, Issue I, JANUARY/2020 ISSN NO : 2347-3150 Page No : 102
- 3. ߶ሺݎሻ = ݍ௧ 4ߨ ߳ݎ exp ሺ− ݎ ߣ ሻ The prospective division around a positive test charge is likewise recognized as the Debye Huckel or maybe the Yukawa potential. 3. TYPES OF PLASMAS Based on the heat of the person charged species, plasmas could be split into 2 categories: 1. Hot Plasmas (or high temperature plasmas) 2. Cold Plasmas (or low temperature plasmas) Hot Plasmas The high temperature plasmas are actually plasmas which are fully ionized, have very limited amount and few collisions of kinetic strain. For example: Astrophysical plasmas like stars and magnetically confined fusion plasmas. The distribution feature might deviate considerably from Maxwellian because of the low collision frequency as well as extended mean open path of the particles. Thus it's becomes important to explain the high temperature plasmas with a kinetic therapy. In case the above mentioned influences are actually overlooked and a number of approximations are actually taken into consideration, a fluid description referred to as MHD (Magneto Hydro Dynamics) is actually sufficient to describe the equilibrium & balance qualities associated with favorite plasma. Figure2: Examples of high temperature plasma: the fusion plasma in the tokamak ASDEX (T = 10keV) Cold Plasmas The low temperature plasmas are actually split into non-thermal and thermal plasmas. The plasma in which the particles are actually at exact same temperature or perhaps at local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) is actually recognized as winter plasma. For example: arc discharge at atmospheric pressure. The standard heat of a winter plasma is, Te ≈ Tion ≈ Tgas ≈ 104 K Mukt Shabd Journal Volume IX, Issue I, JANUARY/2020 ISSN NO : 2347-3150 Page No : 103
- 4. Figure3: Arc discharge of Ar with H2 plasma (Thermal plasma). In a non thermal plasma, the electron temperature is significantly greater compared to the heat of the ions as well as neutrals as well as the amount of ionization is comparatively small (10'6' 10'4). A low pressure glow discharge is a good example of non thermal plasma in which the standard heat is, Te ≈ 104K ≫Tion ≈ Tgas ≈ 300K (Partial thermodynamic equilibrium, PTE). Figure4: Glow discharge tube (Non-thermal plasma) 4. PHYSICAL REGIMES FOR CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM PLASMAS Plasma physics has huge uses in low temperature laboratory plasmas (gas discharges), in higher power density plasmas, e.g. for example Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) schemes, in Magnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF) schemes, in magneto inertial fusion schemes, in our solar energy system (viz. geospace plasmas, heliospheric plasmas), in planetary methods, and in astrophysical environments (e.g. interstellar medium, the cores of white dwarf stars, etc.), neutron stars, magnetars, and within MHD energy transformation. The plasma fusion efforts will provide a cost effective, limitless and environmentally friendly alternative energy, because the method would not produce unwanted waste fusion products, and in most cases would expose insignificant hazards to mankind. Plasmas can also be used for medical therapies as well as for enhancing adhesion, printing, and lamination. Classical plasma physics is primarily centered on regimes of low densities in addition to higher temperatures. More than numerous years, new emerging subfields of plasma physics have been growing quickly, such as clearly coupled dusty and quantum plasmas, ultra cold basic plasmas, and intense laser plasma/solid density plasma interactions. In the following part, we'll briefly Mukt Shabd Journal Volume IX, Issue I, JANUARY/2020 ISSN NO : 2347-3150 Page No : 104
- 5. characterize particular bodily parameters for quantumdusty plasmas as well as the programs of theirs, which have been a concern in the investigation of ours. In paper six, we've examined an innovative strictly raising ion streaming instability in quantum dusty plasma. Figure 5: Plasma diagram in the log T - log n0 plane, separating the quantum and classical regimes. METAL: electrons in a metal; IONO: ionospheric plasma; TOK: plasma in the typical tokamak experiments for nuclear fusion; ICF: inertial confinement fusion; SPACE: interstellar plasma; DWARF: white dwarf star. 5. BASIC PARAMETERS FOR QUANTUM PLASMAS The quantum appearance in plasmas start to be essential if the de Broglie length ߣ is actually akin to the Thomas Fermi radius ߣி = ܸி /߱. The distinctive de Broglie length in a thick plasma with degenerate electrons is actually provided by ߣ =ℎ/ܸ݉ி , in which ܸி = (2kBTFe/me)1/2 = (3ߨ݊݁ሻ భ యℎ/݉ is actually the Fermi electron velocity, ݇ܶி = ܧி is actually the Fermi electron energy, as well as ~ the Plank constant divided by 2ߨ. Of course, the quantum consequences play a crucial role every time the plasma temperature Te is actually higher compared to TFe, whereas a classical plasma description is usually sufficient in the complete opposite limit. The coupling parameter of quantum plasmas reads Γொ = ቆ ℏ߱ ܧி ቇ ଶ = ቆ 1 ݊ߣி ଷ ቇ ଶ/ଷ which identifies the ratio between the plasmonic energy related with the electron plasma oscillations and also the Fermi electron energy. The distinctive de Broglie length could be conveyed in phrases of the quantum coupling parameter asߣ = ටΓொߣி. For ݊ߣ ଷ ≥ 1, the quantum consequences start to be essential, representing that ߣ is actually equal to or even greater than the common inter electron distance݀ = ݊ ଵ/ଷ . Nevertheless, whenߣ → ߣ, the quantum coupling parameter tends to the classical coupling parameter, i.eΓொ → Γ. In the classical regime, ℏ → 0, as well as the electrons may be seen as point like and no quantum interference outcome shows up. As a Mukt Shabd Journal Volume IX, Issue I, JANUARY/2020 ISSN NO : 2347-3150 Page No : 105
- 6. result, classical and quantum routines take place in various physical environments. 6. CONCLUSION Plasma is present in several forms in nature and features a prevalent use of technology and science. Owing to the presence of free ions, utilizing plasma for ion resources is pretty common. Because of this specific case, plasma is made by a good type of low pressure gasoline discharge. This particular paper has a brief discussion of a few essential plasma phenomena. REFERENCES: - [1] Adhikari, B.R. &Basnet, Suresh &Lamichhane, H.P. &Khanal, Raju. (2020). Variation of Velocity of Ions in a Magnetized Plasma Sheath for Different Magnetic Field. Journal of Nepal Physical Society. 6. 25-29. 10.3126/jnphyssoc.v6i1.30513. [2] Patel, Soniya&Varma, P. &Tiwari, M.. (2019). Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. 10.13140/RG.2.2.21070.10564. [3] Gates, David. (2018). Plasma: An International Open Access Journal for All of Plasma Science. Plasma. 1. 4. 10.3390/plasma1010004. [4] Conde, Luis. (2018). An Introduction to Plasma Physics and its Space Applications, Volume 1: Fundamentals and elementary processes. 10.1088/2053-2571/aae132. [5] Kovtun, Yuri &Skibenko, A. &Skibenko, E. &Larin, Yu. (2010). Investigation of multicomponent plasma parameters by microwave methods. 2010 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves (MSMW). 10.1109/MSMW.2010.5546081. [6] Schollmeier, Marius & Roth, Markus &Schaumann, G &Blazevic, Abel &Flippo, Kirk & Frank, A & Fernandez, Juan & Gautier, Donald & Michel, Knut &Heßling, Thomas &Hegelich, Bjorn &Nürnberg, Frank &Pelka, A &Ruhl, Hartmut& Schreiber, Jörg& Schumacher, Dennis & Witte, K &Zielbauer, B & Hoffmann, Dieter. (2008). Plasma physics experiments at GSI. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 112. 042068. 10.1088/1742- 6596/112/4/042068. [7] Browning, Philippa. (2005). Introduction to Plasma Physics: With Space and Laboratory Applications. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. 47. 1109. 10.1088/0741-3335/47/7/B01. Mukt Shabd Journal Volume IX, Issue I, JANUARY/2020 ISSN NO : 2347-3150 Page No : 106