An Overview on PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query

1. An Overview on PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query Editors: Authors: Graham Klyne Luc Moreau Paul Groth Olaf Hartig Yogesh Simmhan James Myers Timothy Lebo Khalid Belhajjame Simon Miles Presentation at the Dagstuhl Seminar on Principles of Provenance February 29, 2012

2. Purpose Describes how to locate,

3. retrieve, and

4. query provenance information

5. Guiding principle: Do not reinvent the wheel

6. Use standard Web protocols

7. Main Contributions Simple mechanisms for discovery and retrieval

8. More advanced discovery service and

9. query mechanisms

10. Outline Key Concepts Simple Mechanisms Provenance Services Querying Provenance Information Open Issues

11. Key Concepts Resource *

12. Entity

13. Provenance information

14. Provenance URI

15. Entity URI * Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One, W3C Rec.

16. Questions to be Addressed What is the provenance URI for provenance information about a particular entity?

17. What is the relevant entity URI used in some provenance information?

18. What if there is no provenance URI?

19. What if there is no entity URI?

20. Out of scope: Representation of provenance information

21. Management of provenance information

23. Entity URI and Provenance URI ... … for resources accessed by HTTP Link header field * in the HTTP response * defined in RFC 5988 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 12:58:02 GMT Expires: Fri, 02 Mar 2012 12:57:52 GMT Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel= " provenance " ; anchor= " http://example.org/X " Content-Length: 18556 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" />  <style type="text/css"> GET //example.org/X HTTP/1.1 Host: example.org Accept: text/html

24. Entity URI and Provenance URI ... … for resources accessed by HTTP Link header field * in the HTTP response * defined in RFC 5988 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 12:58:02 GMT Expires: Fri, 02 Mar 2012 12:57:52 GMT Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel= " provenance " ; anchor= " http://example.org/X " Content-Length: 18556 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" />  <style type="text/css"> GET //example.org/X HTTP/1.1 Host: example.org Accept: text/html Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel="provenance"; anchor="http://example.org/X"

25. Entity URI and Provenance URI ... … for resources accessed by HTTP Link header field * in the HTTP response * defined in RFC 5988 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 12:58:02 GMT Expires: Fri, 02 Mar 2012 12:57:52 GMT Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel= " provenance " ; anchor= " http://example.org/X " Content-Length: 18556 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" />  <style type="text/css"> GET //example.org/X HTTP/1.1 Host: example.org Accept: text/html Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel="provenance"; anchor="http://example.org/X" Entity URI (optional) Provenance URI

26. Embedding Provenance Links ... … in representations of resources. Proposal for particular representation formats: HTML

27. RDF based (e.g. RDF/XML, Turtle, RDFa) Common mechanism for arbitrary representations is out of scope

29. Functionality Provenance retrieval service Input: entity URI

30. Output: provenance information Provenance discovery service Input: entity URI

31. Output: provenance URI(s) Provided via a REST API

32. Service Discovery Simple mechanism … for resources accessed by HTTP: However, a general approach is out of scope Link: Service-URI ; rel="provenance-service"; anchor=" Entity-URI "

33. Resources in the REST API Service description resource Accessible by dereferencing the Service-URI

34. How to construct URIs for other two resource types Provenance information resource Provides provenance information

35. Represented in any format (e.g. RDF based, XML) Provenance locations resource

36. Provenance Locations Resource Enumerates provenance URIs for a particular entity

37. Provenance Locations Resource { "uri": "http://example.org/X", "provenance": [ "http://prov.example.org/aboutX", "http://example.com/prov?id=X" ] } Enumerates provenance URIs for a particular entity

38. Example representation in JSON format

39. Provenance Locations Resource { "uri": "http://example.org/X", "provenance": [ "http://prov.example.org/aboutX", "http://example.com/prov?id=X" ] } @prefix prov: <@@TBD@@#> . <http://example.org/X> a prov:Entity ; prov:hasProvenance <http://prov.example.org/aboutX> ; prov:hasProvenance <http://example.com/prov?id=X> . Enumerates provenance URIs for a particular entity

40. Example representation in JSON format

41. Example representation in Turtle (i.e.RDF data)

42. Using the API ... Required: Entity-URI and Service-URI Obtain service description (by dereferencing Service-URI )

43. Extract URI template for locations resources

44. Form Provenance-Locations-URI (by instantiating the template with Entity-URI )

45. Obtain provenance locations resource (by dereferencing Provenance-Locations-URI )

46. Extract relevant Provenance-URI s … to retrieve provenance URI(s)

48. Provenance Query Services Alternative for cases where aforementioned mechanisms are insufficient

49. PROV-AQ recommends SPARQL Query language for RDF data

50. Protocol for SPARQL query processing services

51. Example Queries Use case: unknown entity URI

52. Use case: ask for a particular piece of provenance information only SELECT ?provenance_uri WHERE { ?entity prism:doi "1234.5678" ; prov:hasProvenance ?provenance_uri . } SELECT ?start_time WHERE { <http://example.org/X> prov:wasGeneratedBy ?act . ?act prov:startedAt ?start . ?start prov:inXSDDateTime ?start_time . }

54. Main Open Issues Entities disjoint from Activities in PROV-DM

55. Remove service descriptions (i.e. prescribe a particular template)? Simplifies the process of using provenance services Embedding provenance information directly Best practice recommendation for HTML: RDFa

56. General approach is out of scope { "provenance_service_uri": "http://example.org/PS/", "provenance_locations_template": " http://ps.example.org/loc?uri = {uri} " }

57. Summary Main contributions: Simple mechanisms for retrieving and discovering provenance information

58. More advanced discovery service and query mechanisms

59. These slides have been created by Olaf Hartig http://olafhartig.de This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

60. Backup Slides

61. Resources Represented as HTML <link> elements in the <head> section <html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <head> <link rel ="provenance" href ="http://example.org/prov/aboutX" /> <link rel ="anchor" href ="http://example.org/X" /> <link rel ="stylesheet" type ="text/css" href ="main.css" /> <title> Welcome </title> </head> <body> < h1 > Welcome to this Web page</ h1 > < p >

62. Provenance Service URI ... … for resources accessed by HTTP Link: Service-URI ; rel="provenance-service"; anchor=" Entity-URI "

63. Resources Represented as HTML <link> elements in the <head> section Indicating a provenance service: <link rel="provenance-service" href=" Service-URI " /> <html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <head> <link rel ="provenance" href ="http://example.org/provOfX" /> <link rel ="anchor" href ="http://example.org/X" /> <link rel ="stylesheet" type ="text/css" href ="main.css" /> <title> Welcome </title> </head> <body> < h1 > Welcome to this Web page</ h1 > < p >

64. Service Description Provides templates for URIs of provenance locations resources and/or

65. provenance information resources

67. provenance information resources Example description represented in JSON { "provenance_service_uri": "http://example.org/PS/", "provenance_locations_template": "http://ps.example.org/loc?uri={uri}", "provenance_content_template": "http://example.org/PS/prov?uri={uri}" }

69. provenance information resources Example description represented in JSON Provenance locations resource for http://example.org has URI: { "provenance_service_uri": "http://example.org/PS/", "provenance_locations_template": " http://ps.example.org/loc?uri= {uri} ", "provenance_content_template": "http://example.org/PS/prov?uri={uri}" } http://ps.example.org/loc?uri= http%3A%2F%2Fexample.org

70. Using the API ... Required: Entity-URI and Service-URI Obtain service description (by dereferencing Service-URI )

71. Extract URI template for information resources

72. Form Provenance-URI (by instantiating the template with Entity-URI )

73. Obtain provenance information resource (by dereferencing Provenance-URI )

74. Extract relevant provenance information … to retrieve provenance information

An Overview on PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query

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