The document summarizes the key files and folders that make up an Android application project in Eclipse. It describes the purpose and contents of the main folders like src, gen, android 6.0 libraries, assets, bin, and res. It also explains the AndroidManifest.xml file, which describes global values for the application package and specifies permissions and IntentFilters. Key files include MainActivity.java in the src folder, the R.java file generated in gen, android.jar in android 6.0 libraries, and various resource files like images and layouts in the res folder. Upon building, the bin folder contains the compiled .apk and .dex files for distribution.