anatomy-lecture-3-thoracic-wall-1-slides
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The thoracic wall consists of skin, fascia, muscles, and bones including 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and the sternum. It provides protection for thoracic viscera and enables breathing movements. The ribs are of three types and have characteristic features including heads, necks, tubercles, angles, and costal grooves. Cervical ribs can cause pressure on nerves and arteries in the neck. Rib fractures commonly occur at the angle and may cause pneumothorax. The thoracic vertebrae have distinguishing transverse processes. Openings of the thoracic wall are bounded by bones and costal cartilages. Intercostal muscles cover the spaces between ribs and enable
anatomy-lecture-3-thoracic-wall-1-slides
- 1. The Thoracic Wall: Bony Thoracic Cage
- 2. Thoracic Wall • Structure: skin fascia muscle bone blood vessels & nerves • Functions: 1. protection of thoracic viscera 2. provides the mechanical function of breathing
- 3. Thoracic Cage The bony part of thoracic wall - 12 pairs of ribs & CC - 12 thoracic vertebrae - Sternum
- 4. Ribs - Flat curved bones with high resilience - Form most of the thoracic cage -3 types: 1. True (1 st – 7 th ) 2. False (8 th – 10 th ) 3. Floating (11 th & 12 th )
- 5. Features of Typical Ribs 1. Head: wedge-shaped with 2 articular facets 2. Neck: connects the head with the body 3. Tubercle: articular & non-articular parts 4. Shaft (Body): angle & costal groove
- 6. Typical Ribs 3 rd – 9 th ribs are considered typical 1. Articular facets 2. Crest of Head 3. Neck 4+5. Tubercle 6. Angle 7. Costal groove 8. shaft
- 7. Atypical Ribs • 1st rib Flat, scalene tubercle & grooves for subclavian v. • 2nd rib rough tuberosity for serratus anterior m. • 10th rib one facet on the head • 11th & 12th one facet on the head & no neck or tubercle
- 8. 1st Rib 1. Flat rib 2. Scalene Tubercle 3. Grooves for subclavian vessels 4. One Facet on the head
- 9. Clinical: Cervical Rib • Extra rib arise from C7 vertebra • Present in ∼1% of people • Complications: Causes pressure on nerves & arteries supplying the upper limb Tingling & numbness Partial paralysis ischemic muscle pain (due to?)
- 10. Cervical Rib
- 11. Rib Fractures • Common chest injuries (middle ribs, 5-10) • Mostly in weakest part (the angle) • Present as a sever localized pain • Complications: inj. to underlying structures pneumothorax (air in pleural cavity)
- 12. Structure of Vertebrae Body Vertebral arch (P & L) 7 processes
- 13. Distinguishing Features of Thoracic Vertebrae
- 14. Sternum ( G, Sternon: chest bone ) Flat, vertically elongated bone that forms the middle anterior part of the thoracic cage 3 parts: Manubrium Body Xiphoid process
- 15. Manubrium Shaped (L, Handle) * Several notches: Jugular Clavicular Costal * Manubriosternal Joint: 2 o fibrocartilaginous Sternal angle
- 16. Sternal Angle Angle of louis Manubriosternal joint Easily palpated Opposite to T4-T5 disc 2nd costal cartilage: Counting the ribs & intercostal spaces
- 17. Body: T5 – T9, costal notches 3 rd – 7 th Xiphoid process: T10, hyaline cartilage ossified
- 18. Openings of Thoracic Wall Boundaries of superior thoracic opening: T1, 1 st rib, manubrium Boundaries of inferior thoracic opening: T12, 11 th & 12 th ribs, 7-10 CC, xiphisternal joint
- 19. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome • On the superior thoracic opening (anatomical inlet) • Compression of subclavian art. between the clavicle & 1st rib (Costoclavicular syndrome) • Pale color & coldness on the skin of upper limb • Diminished radial pulse
- 20. Joints of Thoracic Cage Posteriorly: 1. Intervertebral joints 1 (2 o cartilaginous) 2 2. Costovertebral joints (synovial plane) 3. Costotransverse joints 3 (synovial plane)
- 21. Joints of Thoracic Cage Anteriorly: 1. Costochondral joints (1 o cartilaginous) 2. Sternocostal joints (synovial plane, except 1 st CC ) 3. Manubriosternal joint (2 o cartilaginous) 4. Xiphisternal joint (1 o cartilaginous)
- 22. Intercostal Muscles 3 layers of m. that cover intercostal spaces From outside to inside: 1. External intercostal m.: runs downward toward sternum (your ant. pockets) replaced anteriorly by membrane 2. Internal intercostal m.: runs downward toward VC (your post. pockets) replaced posteriorly by membrane
- 23. 3. Innermost intercostal & Transversus Thoracic IIm: on lateral sides only TTm: 4-5 slips of muscles From post. surface of sternum To 2 nd -6 th costal cartilages Bld. Vessels & nerves run between: Internal & innermost IMs