不只自動化而且更敏捷的Android開發工具 gradle

不只自動化而且更敏捷的Android開發工具
Gradle
邱炫儒
CI engineer @ HTC

“PROJECT CODE RUSH”
Usage Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United Stateshttps://archive.org/details/CodeRush
十五年前的持續整合

Automate everything
and smoothly
可重複運行可重製錯誤減少人為/環境錯誤流程透明產生更有品質的程式碼
Coding Check-in Build Test Publish

Gradle - offering thoughtful conventions
Gradle build files are groovy scripts
From Command line to IDE to CI
Product Flavor
Powerful dependencies management

消除溝通的嫌隙
Convention 1

一句話惹毛DevOps：
我電腦沒這個問題呀！

溝通的嫌隙
module B
developer
build server
module A
developer
ant
ALPHA
proguard
shrink
resources
android
gradle plugin
BETA RC
SDK build.xmlADT
eclipse
gradle
debug on/off
Production
Schedule
SCM
commercial
configuration
APKs
module
A
module
B all
modules
1
2
3
phone tablet

減少溝通的嫌隙
From command line to IDE to continuous integration
module B
developer
build server
module A
developer
ALPHA
proguard
shrink
resources
android
gradle plugin
BETA RC
gradle
debug on/off
Production
Schedule
SCM
commercial
configuration
APKs
all
modules
3
phone tablet

後期出現的錯誤往往影響巨大

將商業版本客製盡量提前到開發時期

Product Flavor and Multiple APK
Convention 2

<manifest ... >
<supports-screens android:smallScreens="false"
android:normalScreens="false"
android:largeScreens="true"
android:xlargeScreens="true"
android:requiresSmallestWidthDp="600"
/>
...
</manifest>
custom AndroidManifest.xml for tablet
Example on Google dev site:
Design Multi-APK for tablet and phone

Google Play
The versionName/versionCode schema for multiple APK
versionCode (04 01 310)
phone screen
App version(3.1.0)API Level(4+)
tablet screen
release 1
phone screen
tablet screen
release 2
upload
APKs
upload
APKs
Version Name:
3.1.0-build1
Version Name:
3.1.1-build2

把處理邏輯都編寫至gradle設定檔中

android{
defaultConfig {
versionName computeVersionName()
}
productFlavors {
phone{ versionCode computeVersionCode(1) }
tablet { versionCode computeVersionCode(2) }
}
}
def computeVersionCode(int flavor) {
def version_code = ext.minSdkVersion * 100000 + flavor * 1000 + ext.versionMajor * 100 + ext.versionMinor*10
+ ext.versionIncremental
return version_code
}
def computeVersionName(){
def buildNumber = System.getenv("BUILD_NUMBER") ?: "dev"
def version_name = ext.versionMajor+"."+ext.versionMinor+”.”+ext.versionIncremental+"-"+buildNumber
return version_name
}
custom build logic and integrate with Jenkins
build.gradle:

為什麼要把Jenkins buildNumber 寫進
version name?

version name?
混在一起做撒尿牛丸？

version name?
混在一起做Dogfooding

Dogfooding等於良好的版本管控策略
Library
Source
Project
Source
alpha 1 beta1Debug APK
Release 2Release APK
beta2
Release 1
alpha 1 beta2
OTA
Issue Tracking bug report
Release 2
OTAPRELOAD
Employee Device

透過Jenkins追朔程式碼
versionName
3.1.0-Build#2

程式碼和腳本Script 都寫好了
哪些東西要放上SCM？

有條不紊的程式碼管理
Convention 3

“By distributing your project source based on
gradle ,anyone can work with it without needing to
install many annoying tools/dependencies
beforehand”
“Users of the build are guaranteed to use the same
process and the same dependencies version that
was designed to work with”
from http://gradle.org/

答案很明顯了
全部都放上SCM?

SCM (git)
Keep your workspace clean
建立可重複且可靠的流程

SCM (git)
.gradle
/local.properties
/.idea/workspace.xml
/.idea/libraries
.DS_Store
/build
/captures
Use .gitignore
Build Once Build Anywhere
建立可重複且可靠的流程
Build script as code

gradle wrapper
#Sun Aug 09 19:57:07 CST 2015
distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
distributionUrl=https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-2.5-all.zip

Dependencies Management
Convention 4

root project
lib-proj
widget
lib-proj
Activity
firebase
sdk
facebook
sdk
evernote
sdk
dropbox
sdk
Google play service libgoogle
support v4
log/util
module
drive
Google+
games
analytic
s
Location
Ads
maps
nearby
wallet
google
support
appcompat-v7
google support
design lib
google support
multidex
google support
multidex instrumentation
A large scale Android App

root project
lib-proj
widget
lib-proj
Activity
firebase
sdk
evernote
sdk
dropbox
sdk
Google play service libgoogle
support v4
log/util
module
drive
Google+
games
analytic
s
Location
Ads
maps
nearby
wallet
google
support
appcompat-v7
google support
design lib
google support
multidex
google support
multidex instrumentation
facebook
sdk
The dependency nightmare

Before Maven
Getting started with the Dropbox Android SDK:
1. Include everything under lib/ in your project/build.
2. You'll want to start off by creating an
AndroidAuthSession with your consumer key and secret.
3...
Download dropbox-android-sdk from dropbox website
1
2

到底用了哪一版library?
┌Top Android Project
│
├── Project 1 - (Pure Java Modules)
│ │
│ ├── Module A1
│ │ └──libs/android-support-v4_22.jar
│ ├── Module B1
│ :
│ └── facebook-lib-project
│ └──libs/android-support-v4-v22.0.0.jar
│
BUILD FAIL

After Maven
dependencies {
compile 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.1.0'
}
1. Use gradle
2.
3. That’s it.
dependencies {
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-wearable:7.3.0'
}

How about the depend on a tree of dependencies?
dependencies {
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-wearable:7.3.0'
}
android-support-v4:21.0.0

Transitive Dependencies on Gradle(可遞移性相依)
A -> B and B -> C
hence A -> C

google play service aar library hierarchy on maven

Tips of transitive dependencies
dependencies {
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-wearable@aar:7.3.0'
}

As a library provider
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.google.android.gms</groupId>
<artifactId>play-services-location</artifactId>
<version>7.8.0</version>
<packaging>aar</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.android.gms</groupId>
<artifactId>play-services-maps</artifactId>
<version>7.8.0</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
<type>aar</type>
</dependency>
…...
Maven Repository
pom.xml
remember to provide your transitive
dependencies in pom.xml

Handle dependency conflict
Gradle offers the following conflict resolution strategies:
Newest: The newest version of the dependency is used. This is Gradle's default strategy,
and is often an appropriate choice as long as versions are backwards-compatible.
Fail: A version conflict results in a build failure. This strategy requires all version
conflicts to be resolved explicitly in the build script.

Use ‘Fail’ resolution strategy
configurations.all {
resolutionStrategy {
// fail eagerly on version conflict (includes transitive dependencies)
// e.g. multiple different versions of the same dependency (group and name are equal)
failOnVersionConflict()
}
}
build.gradle:

Handle dependency conflict
dependencies {
compile('org.hibernate:hibernate:3.1') {
//in case of versions conflict '3.1' version of hibernate wins:
force = true
//disabling all transitive dependencies of this dependency
transitive = false
}
}
build.gradle:

dependency substitution
51.8.3.1. Substituting an external module dependency with a project dependency
One use case for dependency substitution is to use a locally developed version of a module in
place of one that is downloaded from an external repository. This could be useful for testing a
local, patched version of a dependency.
configurations.all {
resolutionStrategy.dependencySubstitution {
substitute module("org.utils:api") with project(":api")
substitute module("org.utils:util:2.5") with project(":util")
}
}
build.gradle:

Versioning Control
dependencies {
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.1.+'
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.1.0-SNAPSHOT'
}
建置系統始終應該指定專案所需外部類別庫的確切版本:
開發時期指定專案所需外部函式庫的最新版本:
開發時期指定專案所需外部函式庫的SNAPSHOT版本:

若違背架構原則就讓建置失敗(optional)

Reference
 Android plugin for gradle:
https://developer.android.com/tools/building/plugin-for-gradle.html:
 Android tools project site, tips:
http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/tips
 Gradle dependency management:
https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/dependency_management.ht
ml
 Google dev site, multiple apk:
https://developer.android.com/google/play/publishing/multiple-
apks.html
 Project Code Rush:
https://archive.org/details/CodeRush
 Sample project on github:
https://github.com/iamsamchiu/AndroidSampleForGradleUsage

不只自動化而且更敏捷的Android開發工具 gradle

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